Shutil 标准库： Python 文件操作的万用刀

import os

# 创建目标目录
if not os.path.exists("configs"):
    os.makedirs("configs")

# 移动文件
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    for file in files:
        if file.endswith(".conf"):
            src = os.path.join(root, file)
            dst = os.path.join("configs", file)
            os.rename(src, dst)
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import shutil
import os

os.makedirs("configs", exist_ok=True)
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    for file in files:
        if file.endswith(".conf"):
            src = os.path.join(root, file)
            dst = os.path.join("configs", file)
            shutil.move(src, dst)
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# 复制文件
shutil.copy("source.txt", "dest.txt")      # 复制文件内容
shutil.copy2("source.txt", "dest.txt")     # 复制文件内容和元数据

# 复制目录
shutil.copytree("src_dir", "dst_dir")      # 递归复制整个目录树
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# 删除目录树
shutil.rmtree("dir_to_remove")             # 递归删除目录及其内容
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total, used, free = shutil.disk_usage(".")
print(f"总空间: {total // (2**30)} GiB")
print(f"已使用: {used // (2**30)} GiB")
print(f"可用: {free // (2**30)} GiB")
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# 创建压缩包
shutil.make_archive("backup", "zip", "source_dir")   # 支持zip、tar等格式

# 解压缩
shutil.unpack_archive("backup.zip", "extract_dir")
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import shutil
from datetime import datetime
import os

def backup_project(project_path, backup_dir="backups"):
    # 创建以时间戳命名的备份文件
    timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
    backup_name = f"backup_{timestamp}"
    
    # 确保备份目录存在
    os.makedirs(backup_dir, exist_ok=True)
    
    # 创建压缩包
    archive_path = shutil.make_archive(
        os.path.join(backup_dir, backup_name),
        "zip",
        project_path
    )
    
    print(f"备份完成: {archive_path}")
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import shutil
import os
from pathlib import Path

def move_large_files(src_dir, dst_dir, min_size_mb=100):
    """移动大于指定大小的文件到目标目录"""
    dst_path = Path(dst_dir)
    dst_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    
    for root, _, files in os.walk(src_dir):
        for file in files:
            file_path = Path(root) / file
            if file_path.stat().st_size > min_size_mb * 1024 * 1024:
                try:
                    shutil.move(str(file_path), dst_path / file)
                    print(f"已移动: {file}")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"移动失败 {file}: {e}")
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import shutil
from pathlib import Path
import mimetypes

def organize_files(directory):
    """根据文件类型自动分类文件"""
    directory = Path(directory)
    
    # 遍历所有文件
    for file_path in directory.rglob("*"):
        if file_path.is_file():
            # 获取文件类型
            mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(str(file_path))
            if mime_type:
                category = mime_type.split("/")[0]
                
                # 创建分类目录
                dest_dir = directory / category
                dest_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
                
                # 移动文件
                try:
                    shutil.move(str(file_path), str(dest_dir / file_path.name))
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"处理{file_path}时出错: {e}")
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with open("source.dat", "rb") as fsrc:
    with open("dest.dat", "wb") as fdst:
        shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=1024*1024)  # 1MB buffer
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from multiprocessing import Pool

def copy_with_progress(src, dst):
    shutil.copy2(src, dst)
    return dst

with Pool(processes=4) as pool:
    shutil.copytree("src_dir", "dst_dir", copy_function=pool.map)
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import shutil
import os

def mirror_permissions(src, dst):
    # 复制权限位
    shutil.copymode(src, dst)
    
    # 复制所有权(需要root权限)
    try:
        shutil.chown(dst, 
                     user=os.stat(src).st_uid,
                     group=os.stat(src).st_gid)
    except PermissionError:
        print("需要管理员权限来修改所有权")
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import shutil
import os
from datetime import datetime

def show_metadata(path):
    stat = os.stat(path)
    print(f"访问时间: {datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_atime)}")
    print(f"修改时间: {datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime)}")
    print(f"创建时间: {datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_ctime)}")
    print(f"权限: {oct(stat.st_mode)[-3:]}")
    print(f"大小: {stat.st_size} bytes")

# 复制文件并保留所有元数据
src = "source.txt"
dst = "dest.txt"
shutil.copy2(src, dst)

print("源文件元数据:")
show_metadata(src)
print("\n目标文件元数据:")
show_metadata(dst)
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