17 个实用 Python 文件与目录管理的技巧

import os

def list_files(directory):
    """列出指定目录下的所有文件"""
    files = os.listdir(directory)
    print("文件列表:", files)

list_files("./example_directory")  # 假设example_directory是你的目标目录
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file_path = "./example.txt"
if os.path.exists(file_path):
    print("文件存在")
else:
    print("文件不存在")
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with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:
    content = file.read()
print("文件内容:", content)
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with open('new_file.txt', 'w') as file:
    file.write("Hello, Python!")
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with open('new_file.txt', 'a') as file:
    file.write("\nAdding more content.")
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old_name = 'old_file.txt'
new_name = 'renamed_file.txt'
os.rename(old_name, new_name)
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os.remove('to_delete.txt')
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os.mkdir('new_directory')
os.makedirs('nested/directory/path')
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os.rmdir('empty_directory')
import shutil
shutil.rmtree('directory_to_remove', ignore_errors=True)  # 注意：此操作不可逆
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for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
    print(f"当前路径: {root}")
    print("子目录:", dirs)
    print("文件:", files)
    print("--------------------")
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shutil.copy('source.txt', 'destination.txt')
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shutil.move('old_location.txt', 'new_location.txt')
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batch_size = 1000
lines = []
with open('large_file.txt', 'r') as file:
    for i, line in enumerate(file):
        lines.append(line)
        if (i + 1) % batch_size == 0 or i + 1 == os.path.getsize('large_file.txt'):
            process_batch(lines)  # 假设这是处理一批数据的函数
            lines = []
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search_term = "Python"
with open('content.txt', 'r') as file:
    for line in file:
        if search_term in line:
            print(line.strip())
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from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def managed_file(name):
    try:
        f = open(name, 'r')
        yield f
    finally:
        f.close()

with managed_file('data.txt') as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line)
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import zipfile

# 压缩文件
with zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip', 'w') as zipf:
    zipf.write('file_to_compress.txt')

# 解压文件
with zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip', 'r') as zipf:
    zipf.extractall('unzipped_files')
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# 分割文件示例（简化）
def split_file(file_name, chunk_size=1024*1024):
    with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
        i = 0
        while True:
            chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
            if not chunk:
                break
            with open(f'split_{i}.part', 'wb') as chunk_file:
                chunk_file.write(chunk)
            i += 1

# 合并文件示例
def merge_files(output_name, part_prefix='split_', part_extension='.part'):
    with open(output_name, 'wb') as out_file:
        for i in range(1, 100):  # 假设最多有100个部分
            part_file_name = f'{part_prefix}{i}{part_extension}'
            if os.path.exists(part_file_name):
                with open(part_file_name, 'rb') as chunk_file:
                    out_file.write(chunk_file.read())
            else:
                break

# 调用示例
# split_file('largefile.txt')
# merge_files('mergedfile.txt')
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