DTS数据传输同步MySQL至Elasticsearch实战-51CTO.COM

概述

数据传输服务DTS（Data Transmission Service）是阿里云提供的实时数据流服务，支持关系型数据库（RDBMS）、非关系型的数据库（NoSQL）、数据多维分析（OLAP）等数据源间的数据交互，集数据同步、迁移、订阅、集成、加工于一体，助您构建安全、可扩展、高可用的数据架构。其底层基础设施采用阿里双11异地多活架构，为数千下游应用提供实时数据流，已在线上稳定运行7年之久。

本章节通过RDS MySQL中的生产数据实时同步到阿里云Elasticsearch中进行搜索查询，通过数据传输服务DTS（Data Transmission Service）进行数据同步操作。

前提条件

已创建源RDS MySQL实例，详情请参见快速创建RDS MySQL实例。
已创建目标Elasticsearch实例，详情请参见创建阿里云Elasticsearch实例。
目标Elasticsearch实例的存储空间须大于源RDS MySQL实例占用的存储空间。

概念对应关系

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创建DTS实例

创建同步任务

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选择需要同步的RDS MySQL表

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任务同步进展

第一次同步是全量同步

验证数据同步结果

默认情况下，您还需要同时选中库表结构同步和全量同步。预检查完成后，DTS会将源实例中待同步对象的全量数据在目标集群中初始化，作为后续增量同步数据的基线数据。

待全量同步完成，增量同步进行中时，您即可在Elasticsearch中查看同步成功的数据。

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数据同步完成后，我们通过Kibana访问实例进行数据验证。

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在Kibana区域，单击公网入口
在登录页面输入账号和密码，单击登录
单击Kibana页面左上角的image图标，选择Management > 开发工具（Dev Tools）。
在Console页签下，执行如下命令访问Elasticsearch实例

全局查询

GET /mall_category/_search

搜索成功后，返回结果如下，以下结果表示全量同步到Elasticsearch成功。

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1041,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2513",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2513,
          "name" : "有商品无法删2",
          "parent_id" : 2512,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 1679537485,
          "update_time" : 1679537485,
          "delete_time" : 1679542632
        }
      },
      ....
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "1310",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 1310,
          "name" : "发饰",
          "parent_id" : 1258,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 0,
          "update_time" : 0,
          "delete_time" : 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

条件查询

GET /mall_category/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "有商品无法删2"
    }
  }
}

搜索成功后，返回结果如下：

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 59,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 21.80254,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2513",
        "_score" : 21.80254,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2513,
          "name" : "有商品无法删2",
          "parent_id" : 2512,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 1679537485,
          "update_time" : 1679537485,
          "delete_time" : 1679542632
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2512",
        "_score" : 16.643557,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2512,
          "name" : "有商品无法删1",
          "parent_id" : 2511,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "image_url" : "",
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 1679537458,
          "update_time" : 1679537458,
          "delete_time" : 1679554114
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2511",
        "_score" : 15.356989,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2511,
          "name" : "测试有商品无法删",
          "parent_id" : 0,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "image_url" : "",
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 1679537448,
          "update_time" : 1679537448,
          "delete_time" : 1679554191
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2508",
        "_score" : 4.6345234,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2508,
          "name" : "无糖 代糖",
          "parent_id" : 0,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 1679534815,
          "update_time" : 1679534815,
          "delete_time" : 1679642540
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2045",
        "_score" : 4.5389233,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2045,
          "name" : "无痕塑身",
          "parent_id" : 1350,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 0,
          "update_time" : 0,
          "delete_time" : 0
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2240",
        "_score" : 4.3105736,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2240,
          "name" : "无人机",
          "parent_id" : 1363,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 0,
          "update_time" : 0,
          "delete_time" : 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

精准查询

GET /mall_category/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "name": "有商品无法删2"
    }
  }
}

搜索成功后，返回结果如下：

{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 21.80254,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2513",
        "_score" : 21.80254,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 2513,
          "name" : "有商品无法删2",
          "parent_id" : 2512,
          "is_show" : 1,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "create_time" : 1679537485,
          "update_time" : 1679537485,
          "delete_time" : 1679542632
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

增量同步

在MySQL中插入一条数据，在Elasticsearch中查看增量数据同步结果。例如通过以下SQL语句插入一条数据。

INSERT INTO `mall_category`
( `name`, `parent_id`, `is_show`, `image_url`, `sort_order`,
 `create_time`, `update_time`, `delete_time` )
VALUES
 ( '开源技术小栈', 1361, 1, 
 'https://img.tinywan.com/shop/img/2024-12/3a5cbd823.png', 0, 0, 0, 0 );

这里通过精准查询方式查询

GET /mall_category/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "name": "开源技术小栈"
    }
  }
}

在Elasticsearch中查看结果，预期结果如下：

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 21.59761,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "mall_category",
        "_type" : "mall_category",
        "_id" : "2537",
        "_score" : 21.59761,
        "_source" : {
          "update_time" : 0,
          "delete_time" : 0,
          "create_time" : 0,
          "image_url" : "https://img.tinywan.com/shop/img/2024-12/3a5cbd823.png",
          "parent_id" : 1361,
          "name" : "开源技术小栈",
          "id" : 2537,
          "sort_order" : 0,
          "is_show" : 1
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

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