并发情况如何实现加锁来保证数据一致性？

private volatile int state

public class LockExample {

    static int count = 0;
    static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {

                try {
                    // 加锁
                    lock.lock();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
                        count++;
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                finally {
                    // 解锁，放在finally子句中，保证锁的释放
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        };

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(runnable);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread1.join();
        thread2.join();
        System.out.println("count: " + count);
    }
}

/**
 * 输出
 * count: 20000
 */

// 乐观锁 + 状态机
update
    table_name
set
    version = version + 1,
    count = count + 1
where
    id = id AND version = version AND count = [修改前的count值];

// 行锁 + 状态机
 update
    table_name
set
    count = count + 1
where
    id = id AND count = [修改前的count值]
for update;

public class LockExample {
    private static Map<String, Lock> lockMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    
    public static void lock(String userId) {
        // Map中添加细粒度的锁资源
        lockMap.putIfAbsent(userId, new ReentrantLock());
        // 从容器中拿锁并实现加锁
        lockMap.get(userId).lock();
    }
    public static void unlock(String userId) {
        // 先从容器中拿锁，确保锁的存在
        Lock locak = lockMap.get(userId);
        // 释放锁
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

public class LockExample {
    public static void syncFunc1(Long accountId) {
        String lock = new String(accountId + "").intern();

        synchronized (lock) {

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到锁了");
            // 模拟业务耗时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁了");
        }
    }

    public static void syncFunc2(Long accountId) {
        String lock = new String(accountId + "").intern();

        synchronized (lock) {

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到锁了");
            // 模拟业务耗时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁了");
        }
    }

    // 使用 Synchronized 来实现更加细粒度的锁
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(()-> syncFunc1(123456L), "Thread-1").start();
        new Thread(()-> syncFunc2(123456L), "Thread-2").start();
    }
}

/**
 * 打印
 * Thread-1拿到锁了
 * Thread-1释放锁了
 * Thread-2拿到锁了
 * Thread-2释放锁了
 */

// 扣库存接口
@RequestMapping("/minusInventory")
public String minusInventory(Inventory inventory) {
    // 获取锁
    String lockKey = "lock-" + inventory.getInventoryId();
    int timeOut = 100;
    Boolean flag = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue()
            .setIfAbsent(lockKey, "竹子-熊猫",timeOut,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    // 加上过期时间，可以保证死锁也会在一定时间内释放锁
    stringRedisTemplate.expire(lockKey,timeOut,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
    if(!flag){
        // 非阻塞式实现
        return "服务器繁忙...请稍后重试！！！";
    }
    
    // ----只有获取锁成功才能执行下述的减库存业务----        
    try{
        // 查询库存信息
        Inventory inventoryResult =
            inventoryService.selectByPrimaryKey(inventory.getInventoryId());
        
        if (inventoryResult.getShopCount() <= 0) {
            return "库存不足，请联系卖家....";
        }
        
        // 扣减库存
        inventoryResult.setShopCount(inventoryResult.getShopCount() - 1);
        int n = inventoryService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(inventoryResult);
    } catch (Exception e) { // 确保业务出现异常也可以释放锁，避免死锁
        // 释放锁
        stringRedisTemplate.delete(lockKey);
    }
    
    if (n > 0)
        return "端口-" + port + ",库存扣减成功！！！";
    return "端口-" + port + ",库存扣减失败！！！";
}

作者：竹子爱熊猫
链接：https://juejin.cn/post/7038473714970656775

// 续命子线程
public class GuardThread extends Thread { 
    private static boolean flag = true;

    public GuardThread(String lockKey, 
        int timeOut, StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate){
        ……
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 开启循环续命
        while (flag){
            try {
                // 先休眠一半的时间
                Thread.sleep(timeOut / 2 * 1000);
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 时间过了一半之后再去续命
            // 先查看key是否过期
            Long expire = stringRedisTemplate.getExpire(
                lockKey, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            // 如果过期了，代表主线程释放了锁
            if (expire <= 0){
                // 停止循环
                flag = false;
            }
            // 如果还未过期
            // 再为则续命一半的时间
            stringRedisTemplate.expire(lockKey,expire
                + timeOut/2,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
    }
}


// 创建子线程为锁续命
GuardThread guardThread = new GuardThread(lockKey,timeOut,stringRedisTemplate);
// 设置为当前 业务线程 的守护线程
guardThread.setDaemon(true);
guardThread.start();

作者：竹子爱熊猫 
链接：https://juejin.cn/post/7038473714970656775