一、简介
基于web包的依赖,SpringBoot可以快速启动一个web容器,简化项目的开发;
在web开发中又涉及如下几个功能点:
拦截器:可以让接口被访问之前,将请求拦截到,通过对请求的识别和校验,判断请求是否允许通过;
页面交互:对于服务端的开发来说,需要具备简单的页面开发能力,解决部分场景的需求;
Swagger接口:通过简单的配置,快速生成接口的描述,并且提供对接口的测试能力;
Junit测试:通过编写代码的方式对接口进行测试,从而完成对接口的检查和验证,并且可以不入侵原代码结构;
二、工程搭建
1、工程结构
图片
2、依赖管理
<!-- 基础框架组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 接口文档组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
<artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
<version>${springdoc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 前端页面组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
三、Web开发
1、接口开发
编写四个简单常规的接口,从对资源操作的角度,也就是常说的:增Post、删Delete、改Put、查Get,并且使用了swagger注解,可以快速生成接口文档;
@RestController
@Tag(name = "Rest接口")
public class RestWeb {
@Operation(summary = "Get接口")
@GetMapping("rest/get/{id}")
public String restGet(@PathVariable Integer id) {
return "OK:"+id;
}
@Operation(summary = "Post接口")
@PostMapping("/rest/post")
public String restPost(@RequestBody ParamBO param){
return "OK:"+param.getName();
}
@Operation(summary = "Put接口")
@PutMapping("/rest/put")
public String restPut(@RequestBody ParamBO param){
return "OK:"+param.getId();
}
@Operation(summary = "Delete接口")
@DeleteMapping("/rest/delete/{id}")
public String restDelete(@PathVariable Integer id){
return "OK:"+id;
}
}
2、页面交互
对于服务端开发来说,在部分场景下是需要进行简单的页面开发的,比如通过页面渲染再去生成文件,或者直接通过页面填充邮件内容等;
数据接口
@Controller
public class PageWeb {
@RequestMapping("/page/view")
public ModelAndView pageView (HttpServletRequest request){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView() ;
// 普通参数
modelAndView.addObject("name", "cicada");
modelAndView.addObject("time", "2023-07-12");
// 对象模型
modelAndView.addObject("page", new PageBO(7,"页面数据模型"));
// List集合
List<PageBO> pageList = new ArrayList<>() ;
pageList.add(new PageBO(1,"第一页"));
pageList.add(new PageBO(2,"第二页"));
modelAndView.addObject("pageList", pageList);
// Array数组
PageBO[] pageArr = new PageBO[]{new PageBO(6,"第六页"),new PageBO(7,"第七页")} ;
modelAndView.addObject("pageArr", pageArr);
modelAndView.setViewName("/page-view");
return modelAndView ;
}
}
页面解析:分别解析了普通参数,实体对象,集合容器,数组容器等几种数据模型;
<div style="text-align: center">
<hr/>
<h5>普通参数解析</h5>
姓名:<span th:text="${name}"></span>
时间:<span th:text="${time}"></span>
<hr/>
<h5>对象模型解析</h5>
整形:<span th:text="${page.getKey()}"></span>
字符:<span th:text="${page.getValue()}"></span>
<hr/>
<h5>集合容器解析</h5>
<table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px">
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="page:${pageList}">
<td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td>
<td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr/>
<h5>数组容器解析</h5>
<table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px">
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="page:${pageArr}">
<td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td>
<td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr/>
</div>
效果图展示
图片
四、拦截器
1、拦截器定义
通过实现HandlerInterceptor接口,完成对两个拦截器的自定义,请求在访问服务时,必须通过两个拦截器的校验;
/**
* 拦截器一
*/
public class HeadInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HeadInterceptor.class);
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
log.info("HeadInterceptor:preHandle");
Iterator<String> headNames = request.getHeaderNames().asIterator();
log.info("request-header");
while (headNames.hasNext()){
String headName = headNames.next();
String headValue = request.getHeader(headName);
System.out.println(headName+":"+headValue);
}
// 放开拦截
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
log.info("HeadInterceptor:postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {
log.info("HeadInterceptor:afterCompletion");
}
}
/**
* 拦截器二
*/
public class BodyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BodyInterceptor.class);
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
log.info("BodyInterceptor:preHandle");
Iterator<String> paramNames = request.getParameterNames().asIterator();
log.info("request-param");
while (paramNames.hasNext()){
String paramName = paramNames.next();
String paramValue = request.getParameter(paramName);
System.out.println(paramName+":"+paramValue);
}
// 放开拦截
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
log.info("BodyInterceptor:postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {
log.info("BodyInterceptor:afterCompletion");
}
}
2、拦截器配置
自定义拦截器之后,还需要添加到web工程的配置文件中,可以通过实现WebMvcConfigurer接口,完成自定义的配置添加;
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
/**
* 添加自定义拦截器
*/
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new HeadInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
registry.addInterceptor(new BodyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
}
五、测试工具
1、Swagger接口
添加上述的springdoc依赖之后,还可以在配置文件中简单定义一些信息,访问IP:端口/swagger-ui/index.html即可;
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
/**
* 接口文档配置
*/
@Bean
public OpenAPI openAPI() {
return new OpenAPI()
.info(new Info().title("【boot-web】").description("Rest接口文档-2023-07-11")
.version("1.0.0"));
}
}
图片
2、Junit测试
在个人的习惯上,Swagger接口文档更偏向在前后端对接的时候使用,而Junit单元测试更符合开发的时候使用,这里是对RestWeb中的接口进行测试;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class RestWebTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
public void testGet () throws Exception {
// GET接口测试
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/rest/get/1"))
.andReturn();
printMvcResult(mvcResult);
}
@Test
public void testPost () throws Exception {
// 参数模型
JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper();
ParamBO param = new ParamBO(null,"单元测试",new Date()) ;
String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ;
// Post接口测试
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/rest/post")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn();
printMvcResult(mvcResult);
}
@Test
public void testPut () throws Exception {
// 参数模型
JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper();
ParamBO param = new ParamBO(7,"Junit组件",new Date()) ;
String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ;
// Put接口测试
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/rest/put")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn();
printMvcResult(mvcResult);
}
@Test
public void testDelete () throws Exception {
// Delete接口测试
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/rest/delete/2"))
.andReturn();
printMvcResult(mvcResult);
}
/**
* 打印【MvcResult】信息
*/
private void printMvcResult (MvcResult mvcResult) throws Exception {
System.out.println("请求-URI【"+mvcResult.getRequest().getRequestURI()+"】");
System.out.println("响应-status【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus()+"】");
System.out.println("响应-content【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)+"】");
}
}
六、参考源码
文档仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note
源码仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent