用复杂的方式学会数组（Python实现动态数组）

>>> test_list = []  # 创建名为test_list的空列表
>>> test_list.append("Hello")
>>> test_list.append("World")
>>> test_list
['Hello', 'World']
>>> test_list = ["Hello", "Array", 2019, "easy learning", "DataStructure"]  # 重新给test_list赋值
>>> len(test_list)  # 求列表的长度
5
>>> test_list[2] = 1024  # 修改列表元素
>>> test_list
['Hello', 'Array', 1024, 'easy learning', 'DataStructure']
>>>
>>> test_list.insert(1, "I love")  # 向列表中指定位置中插入一个元素
>>> test_list
['Hello', 'I love', 'Array', 1024, 'easy learning', 'DataStructure']
>>> test_list.append(2020)  # 向列表末尾增加一个元素
>>> test_list
['Hello', 'I love', 'Array', 1024, 'easy learning', 'DataStructure', 2020]
>>>
>>> test_list.pop(1)  # 删除指定位置的元素
'I love'
>>> test_list.remove(2020)  # 删除指定元素
>>> 
>>> test_list.index('Hello')  # 查找某个元素的索引值
0
>>> test_list.index('hello')  # 如果查找某个元素不在列表中，返回ValueError错误
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
    test_list.index('hello')
ValueError: 'hello' is not in list
>>> 
>>> test_list.reverse()  # 反转整个列表
>>> test_list
['DataStructure', 'easy learning', 2019, 'Array', 'Hello']
>>> test_list.clear()  # 清空列表
>>> test_list
[]

# 导入sys模块能方便我们使用gestsizeof函数
import sys

# set n
n = 20
# set empty list
list = []
for i in range(n):
    a = len(list)
    # 调用getsizeof函数用于给出Python中存储对象的真实字节数
    b = sys.getsizeof(list)
    print('Length:{0:3d}; Size of bytes:{1:4d}'.format(a, b))
    # Increase length by one
    list.append(n)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time      : 2019-11-01 17:10
# @Author    : yuzhou_1su
# @ContactMe : https://blog.csdn.net/yuzhou_1shu
# @File      : DynamicArray.py
# @Software  : PyCharm

import ctypes


class DynamicArray:
    """A dynamic array class akin to a simplified Python list."""

    def __init__(self):
        """Create an empty array."""
        self.n = 0             # count actual elements
        self.capacity = 1      # default array capacity
        self.A = self._make_array(self.capacity)      # low-level array

    def is_empty(self):
        """ Return True if array is empty"""
        return self.n == 0

    def __len__(self):
        """Return numbers of elements stored in the array."""
        return self.n

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        """Return element at index i."""
        if not 0 <= i < self.n:
            # Check it i index is in bounds of array
            raise ValueError('invalid index')
        return self.A[i]

    def append(self, obj):
        """Add object to end of the array."""
        if self.n == self.capacity:
            # Double capacity if not enough room
            self._resize(2 * self.capacity)
        self.A[self.n] = obj    # Set self.n index to obj
        self.n += 1

    def _resize(self, c):
        """Resize internal array to capacity c."""
        B = self._make_array(c)     # New bigger array
        for k in range(self.n):    # Reference all existing values
            B[k] = self.A[k]
        self.A = B          # Call A the new bigger array
        self.capacity = c   # Reset the capacity

    @staticmethod
    def _make_array(c):
        """Return new array with capacity c."""
        return (c * ctypes.py_object)()

    def insert(self, k, value):
        """Insert value at position k."""
        if self.n == self.capacity:
            self._resize(2 * self.capacity)
        for j in range(self.n, k, -1):
            self.A[j] = self.A[j-1]
        self.A[k] = value
        self.n += 1

    def pop(self, index=0):
        """Remove item at index (default first)."""
        if index >= self.n or index < 0:
            raise ValueError('invalid index')
        for i in range(index, self.n-1):
            self.A[i] = self.A[i+1]
        self.A[self.n - 1] = None
        self.n -= 1

    def remove(self, value):
        """Remove the first occurrence of a value in the array."""
        for k in range(self.n):
            if self.A[k] == value:
                for j in range(k, self.n - 1):
                    self.A[j] = self.A[j+1]
                self.A[self.n - 1] = None
                self.n -= 1
                return
        raise ValueError('value not found')

    def _print(self):
        """Print the array."""
        for i in range(self.n):
            print(self.A[i], end=' ')
        print()

def main():
    # Instantiate
    mylist = DynamicArray()

    # Append new element
    mylist.append(10)
    mylist.append(9)
    mylist.append(8)
    # Insert new element in given position
    mylist.insert(1, 1024)
    mylist.insert(2, 2019)
    # Check length
    print('The array length is: ', mylist.__len__())
    # Print the array
    print('Print the array：')
    mylist._print()
    # Index
    print('The element at index 1 is :', mylist[1])
    # Remove element
    print('Remove 2019 in array:')
    mylist.remove(2019)
    mylist._print()
    # Pop element in given position
    print('Pop pos 2 in array:')
    # mylist.pop()
    mylist.pop(2)
    mylist._print()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()