运维过程中，很多时候，业务应用会出现假死的情况，应用进程正常，但是无法提供服务，此时监控进程没有任何意义，就需要监控接口
接口监控的方法很多，可以用链路监控，可以写脚本进行监控
由于监控整体采用的是prometheus，所以这里就直接用blackbox_exporter来做接口的监控
blackbox_exporter可以通过http、https、dns、tcp、ICMP对target进行探测，dns、tcp、ICMP都相对简单，我这边主要是要监控一个登录接口，所以要用https来进行探测，具体配置方法如下
部署blockbox_exporter
- # 创建blackbox_exporter的目录
- cd /usr/local/blackbox_exporter
- # 下载blackbox_exporter的包
- wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.19.0/blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
- # 解压
- tar -zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
- # 重命名
- mv blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz blackbox_exporter
用systemd管理blackbox_exporter
- cat > /etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service << "EOF"
- [Unit]
- Description=Blackbox Exporter
- Wants=network-online.target
- After=network-online.target
- [Service]
- User=root
- ExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
- Restart=on-failure
- [Install]
- WantedBy=default.target
- EOF
对于blackbox_exporter管理的话，还有很多方法，你可以直接nohup后台启动，也可以通过supervisor进行启动，我习惯用systemd进行管理
然后添加开机自启动
- systemctl daemon-reload
- systemctl enable blackbox_exporter
- systemctl start blackbox_exporter
因为没指定日志输出，所以是输出到message日志中
默认带的blacbox.yml只是个最简单配置，不能满足需求，所以配置blackbox.yml中，添加一个模块
- modules:
- xhj_login: # 模块名称,prometheus配置文件中要匹配
- prober: http # 协议
- timeout: 30s # 超时时间
- http: # 模块的采集协议
- method: POST # http请求的方法
- preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4" # 使用的ipv4协议
- headers: # 配置post请求的header头
- Content-Type: application/json
- body: ''{"mobile": "13572801829", "password": "ZWB123wyl"}'' # post请求参数
配置完成后，保存blackbox.yml，启动blackbox_exporter
- systemctl start blackbox_exporter
- systemctl status blackbox_exporter
- ● blackbox_exporter.service - Blackbox Exporter
- Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
- Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-01-04 21:33:28 CST; 6s ago
- Main PID: 24679 (blackbox_export)
- Tasks: 7
- Memory: 1.9M
- CGroup: /system.slice/blackbox_exporter.service
- └─24679 /data/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/data/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter/blackbox....
- Jan 04 21:33:28 systemd[1]: Started Blackbox Exporter.
- Jan 04 21:33:28 blackbox_exporter[24679]: level=info ts=2022-01-04T13:33:28.173Z caller=main.go:224 msg="Starting blackbox_exporter" version="(v...33d1ed0)"
- Jan 04 21:33:28 blackbox_exporter[24679]: level=info ts=2022-01-04T13:33:28.173Z caller=main.go:225 build_context="(go=go1.16.4, user=root@2b025...2:56:44)"
- Jan 04 21:33:28 blackbox_exporter[24679]: level=info ts=2022-01-04T13:33:28.173Z caller=main.go:237 msg="Loaded config file"
- Jan 04 21:33:28 blackbox_exporter[24679]: level=info ts=2022-01-04T13:33:28.174Z caller=main.go:385 msg="Listening on address" address=:9115
- Jan 04 21:33:28 blackbox_exporter[24679]: level=info ts=2022-01-04T13:33:28.174Z caller=tls_config.go:191 msg="TLS is disabled." http2=false
- Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
配置prometheus
- # blackbox
- - job_name: "blackbox"
- metrics_path: /probe
- params:
- module: [xhj_login]
- static_configs:
- - targets:
- - https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password
- relabel_configs:
- - source_labels: [__address__]
- target_label: __param_target
- - source_labels: [_param_target]
- target_label: instance
- - target_label: __address__
- replacement: 172.17.0.1:9115
- ……省略
- ……省略
配置完成后，保存，热加载prometheus配置文件
- curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload
加载完成后，通过prometheus的UI查看下targets
此时其实可以通过被请求端的日志就可以看到blackbox_exporter发起的请求了，我们也可以通过curl请求blackbox_exporter来进行查看
- # 注意这里用&符号链接多个参数，需要转义
- curl http://172.17.0.1:9115/probe?target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password\&module=xhj_login\&debug=true
- # 查看返回结果
- Logs for the probe:
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:32.979231489Z caller=main.go:320 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Beginning probe" probe=http timeout_seconds=30
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:32.979411891Z caller=http.go:335 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Resolving target address" ip_protocol=ip4
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:32.986112778Z caller=http.go:335 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Resolved target address" ip=1.1.1.1
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:32.986225541Z caller=client.go:251 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Making HTTP request" url=https://1.1.1.1/api/pc/user/login/password host=xxx.aaa.com
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:33.05701057Z caller=main.go:130 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Received HTTP response" status_code=200
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:33.057095911Z caller=main.go:130 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Response timings for roundtrip" roundtrip=0 start=2022-01-04T22:10:32.986352765+08:00 dnsDone=2022-01-04T22:10:32.986352765+08:00 connectDone=2022-01-04T22:10:32.992658409+08:00 gotConn=2022-01-04T22:10:33.038333687+08:00 responseStart=2022-01-04T22:10:33.056951457+08:00 tlsStart=2022-01-04T22:10:32.992701614+08:00 tlsDone=2022-01-04T22:10:33.038235019+08:00 end=2022-01-04T22:10:33.057074505+08:00
- ts=2022-01-04T14:10:33.057187486Z caller=main.go:320 module=xhj_login target=https://xxx.aaa.com/api/pc/user/login/password level=info msg="Probe succeeded" duration_seconds=0.077883376
可以看到，http_status_code 200,probe_success为1，访问正常
添加告警
创建rules
- groups:
- - name: blackbox_networks_stats
- rules:
- - alert: PC登录接口故障
- expr: probe_success == 0
- for: 1m
- labels:
- severity: critical
- annotations:
- summary: "PC登录接口出现故障，无法正常登录，请及时查看！"
- description: "PC登录接口出现故障，无法正常登录，请及时查看！"
创建完成后，热加载prometheus配置，然后查看prometheus的rules
Grafana添加监控图标
监控配置完，必须得配个可视化仪表盘，直接用5345模板导入
仪表盘中显示接口状态、是否使用SSL、包括SSL证书过期时间、接口状态码、接口请求时间和DNS解析时间
