在前文 基于quickjs 封装 JavaScript 沙箱 已经基于 quickjs 实现了一个沙箱,这里再基于 web worker 实现备用方案。如果你不知道 web worker 是什么或者从未了解过,可以查看 Web Workers API 。简而言之,它是一个浏览器实现的多线程,可以运行一段代码在另一个线程,并且提供与之通信的功能。
实现 IJavaScriptShadowbox
事实上,web worker 提供了 event emitter 的 api,即 postMessage/onmessage
,所以实现非常简单。
实现分为两部分,一部分是在主线程实现 IJavaScriptShadowbox
,另一部分则是需要在 web worker 线程实现 IEventEmitter
主线程的实现
- import { IJavaScriptShadowbox } from "./IJavaScriptShadowbox";
- export class WebWorkerShadowbox implements IJavaScriptShadowbox {
- destroy(): void {
- this.worker.terminate();
- }
- private worker!: Worker;
- eval(code: string): void {
- const blob = new Blob([code], { type: "application/javascript" });
- this.worker = new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(blob), {
- credentials: "include",
- });
- this.worker.addEventListener("message", (ev) => {
- const msg = ev.data as { channel: string; data: any };
- // console.log('msg.data: ', msg)
- if (!this.listenerMap.has(msg.channel)) {
- return;
- }
- this.listenerMap.get(msg.channel)!.forEach((handle) => {
- handle(msg.data);
- });
- });
- }
- private readonly listenerMap = new Map<string, ((data: any) => void)[]>();
- emit(channel: string, data: any): void {
- this.worker.postMessage({
- channel: channel,
- data,
- });
- }
- on(channel: string, handle: (data: any) => void): void {
- if (!this.listenerMap.has(channel)) {
- this.listenerMap.set(channel, []);
- }
- this.listenerMap.get(channel)!.push(handle);
- }
- offByChannel(channel: string): void {
- this.listenerMap.delete(channel);
- }
- }
web worker 线程的实现
- import { IEventEmitter } from "./IEventEmitter";
- export class WebWorkerEventEmitter implements IEventEmitter {
- private readonly listenerMap = new Map<string, ((data: any) => void)[]>();
- emit(channel: string, data: any): void {
- postMessage({
- channel: channel,
- data,
- });
- }
- on(channel: string, handle: (data: any) => void): void {
- if (!this.listenerMap.has(channel)) {
- this.listenerMap.set(channel, []);
- }
- this.listenerMap.get(channel)!.push(handle);
- }
- offByChannel(channel: string): void {
- this.listenerMap.delete(channel);
- }
- init() {
- onmessage = (ev) => {
- const msg = ev.data as { channel: string; data: any };
- if (!this.listenerMap.has(msg.channel)) {
- return;
- }
- this.listenerMap.get(msg.channel)!.forEach((handle) => {
- handle(msg.data);
- });
- };
- }
- destroy() {
- this.listenerMap.clear();
- onmessage = null;
- }
- }
使用
主线程代码
- const shadowbox: IJavaScriptShadowbox = new WebWorkerShadowbox();
- shadowbox.on("hello", (name: string) => {
- console.log(`hello ${name}`);
- });
- // 这里的 code 指的是下面 web worker 线程的代码
- shadowbox.eval(code);
- shadowbox.emit("open");
web worker 线程代码
- const em = new WebWorkerEventEmitter();
- em.on("open", () => em.emit("hello", "liuli"));
下面是代码的执行流程示意图
限制 web worker 全局 api
经大佬 JackWoeker 提醒,web worker 有许多不安全的 api,所以必须限制,包含但不限于以下 api
- fetch
- indexedDB
- performance
事实上,web worker 默认自带了 276 个全局 api,可能比我们想象中多很多。
Snipaste_2021-10-24_23-05-18
有篇 文章 阐述了如何在 web 上通过 performance/SharedArrayBuffer api 做侧信道攻击,即便现在 SharedArrayBuffer api 现在浏览器默认已经禁用了,但天知道还有没有其他方法。所以最安全的方法是设置一个 api 白名单,然后删除掉非白名单的 api。
- // whitelistWorkerGlobalScope.ts
- /**
- * 设定 web worker 运行时白名单,ban 掉所有不安全的 api
- */
- export function whitelistWorkerGlobalScope(list: PropertyKey[]) {
- const whitelist = new Set(list);
- const all = Reflect.ownKeys(globalThis);
- all.forEach((k) => {
- if (whitelist.has(k)) {
- return;
- }
- if (k === "window") {
- console.log("window: ", k);
- }
- Reflect.deleteProperty(globalThis, k);
- });
- }
- /**
- * 全局值的白名单
- */
- const whitelist: (
- | keyof typeof global
- | keyof WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope
- | "console"
- )[] = [
- "globalThis",
- "console",
- "setTimeout",
- "clearTimeout",
- "setInterval",
- "clearInterval",
- "postMessage",
- "onmessage",
- "Reflect",
- "Array",
- "Map",
- "Set",
- "Function",
- "Object",
- "Boolean",
- "String",
- "Number",
- "Math",
- "Date",
- "JSON",
- ];
- whitelistWorkerGlobalScope(whitelist);
然后在执行第三方代码前先执行上面的代码
- import beforeCode from "./whitelistWorkerGlobalScope.js?raw";
- export class WebWorkerShadowbox implements IJavaScriptShadowbox {
- destroy(): void {
- this.worker.terminate();
- }
- private worker!: Worker;
- eval(code: string): void {
- // 这行是关键
- const blob = new Blob([beforeCode + "\n" + code], {
- type: "application/javascript",
- });
- // 其他代码。。。
- }
- }
由于我们使用 ts 编写源码,所以还必须将 ts 打包为 js bundle,然后通过 vite 的 ?raw 作为字符串引入,下面吾辈写了一个简单的插件来完成这件事。
- import { defineConfig, Plugin } from "vite";
- import reactRefresh from "@vitejs/plugin-react-refresh";
- import checker from "vite-plugin-checker";
- import { build } from "esbuild";
- import * as path from "path";
- export function buildScript(scriptList: string[]): Plugin {
- const _scriptList = scriptList.map((src) => path.resolve(src));
- async function buildScript(src: string) {
- await build({
- entryPoints: [src],
- outfile: src.slice(0, src.length - 2) + "js",
- format: "iife",
- bundle: true,
- platform: "browser",
- sourcemap: "inline",
- allowOverwrite: true,
- });
- console.log("构建完成: ", path.relative(path.resolve(), src));
- }
- return {
- name: "vite-plugin-build-script",
- async configureServer(server) {
- server.watcher.add(_scriptList);
- const scriptSet = new Set(_scriptList);
- server.watcher.on("change", (filePath) => {
- // console.log('change: ', filePath)
- if (scriptSet.has(filePath)) {
- buildScript(filePath);
- }
- });
- },
- async buildStart() {
- // console.log('buildStart: ', this.meta.watchMode)
- if (this.meta.watchMode) {
- _scriptList.forEach((src) => this.addWatchFile(src));
- }
- await Promise.all(_scriptList.map(buildScript));
- },
- };
- }
- // https://vitejs.dev/config/
- export default defineConfig({
- plugins: [
- reactRefresh(),
- checker({ typescript: true }),
- buildScript([path.resolve("src/utils/app/whitelistWorkerGlobalScope.ts")]),
- ],
- });
现在,我们可以看到 web worker 中的全局 api 只有白名单中的那些了。
1635097498575
web worker 沙箱的主要优势
- 可以直接使用 chrome devtool 调试
- 直接支持 console/setTimeout/setInterval api
- 直接支持消息通信的 api