引言
分布式数据服务(Distributed Data Service,DDS) 为应用程序提供不同设备间数据库数据分布式的能力。通过调用分布式数据接口,应用程序将数据保存到分布式数据库中。通过结合帐号、应用和数据库三元组,分布式数据服务对属于不同应用的数据进行隔离,保证不同应用之间的数据不能通过分布式数据服务互相访问。在通过可信认证的设备间,分布式数据服务支持应用数据相互同步,为用户提供在多种终端设备上最终一致的数据访问体验。
功能介绍
此次通过HarmonyOS的分布式数据服务能力,一方面可以实现自身应用界面的数据实时更新;另一方面也可以实现不同设备之间的数据实时更新。前提是在不同设备之间,要实现分布式数据服务的同步能力,需要同一个华为账号登录、并一个应用包名、同一个网络之间进行,也可以两个设备同时开启蓝牙。
开发指南
1. 在config.json中添加permisssion权限。
- // 添加在abilities同一目录层级
- "reqPermissions": [
- {
- "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"
- }
- ]
2. 在MainAbility中添加权限
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent) {
- super.onStart(intent);
- super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
- //实现Ability的代码中显式声明需要使用多设备协同访问的权限
- requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{
- "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"}, 0);
- }
3. 根据配置构造分布式数据库管理类实例KvManager以及创建分布式数据库对象SingleKvStore。
- //实现数据库的初始化
- // 初入的参数context: Context context = getApplicationContext()获得;storeId为分布式数据库id,String类型,可自行定义,例如“testApp”。
- public static SingleKvStore initOrGetDB(Context context, String storeId) {
- KvManagerConfig kvManagerConfig = new KvManagerConfig(context);
- kvManager = KvManagerFactory.getInstance().createKvManager(kvManagerConfig);
- Options options = new Options();
- options.setCreateIfMissing(true)
- .setEncrypt(false)
- .setKvStoreType(KvStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION) //数据库类型:单版本分布式数据库
- .setAutoSync(true);//设置数据为自动同步
- singleKvStore = kvManager.getKvStore(options, storeId);
- return singleKvStore;
- }
4. 将数据写入单版本分布式数据库。
- //以key-value形式存储到分布式数据库
- try {
- long id = System.currentTimeMillis();
- singleKvStore.putString("key",
- "{\"id\":" + id +
- ",\"temp\":" + temperature +
- ",\"humidity\":" + humidity +
- ",\"NH4\":" + 0.0 +
- ",\"H2S\":" + 0.0 +
- ",\"other\":" + gas + "}");
- } catch (KvStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
5.订阅分布式数据变化。客户端需要实现KvStoreObserver接口,监听数据变化。
- try {
- //订阅类型SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL意思可以同步到本机和其他外围设备
- innerKvStoreObserver = new InnerKvStoreObserver();
- singleKvStore.subscribe(SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, innerKvStoreObserver);
- } catch (KvStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- public class InnerKvStoreObserver implements KvStoreObserver {
- @Override
- public void onChange(ChangeNotification changeNotification) {
- //刷新页面上的数据,同样有一个坑,onChange方法实质上,在一个子线程里执行
- MainAbilitySlice.taskDispatcher.asyncDispatch(() -> {
- //在这里执行页面ui组件的显示刷新
- flushUIData();
- });
- }
- }
6.获取分布式数据库数据
- private void flushUIData() {
- //查询分布式数据的数据,获取数据可以通过get(String key)/ getEntries(String key)方法获取数据
- List<Entry> entries = singleKvStore.getEntries(“key”);
- if (entries.size() > 0) {
- ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(entries.get(0).getValue().getString());
- int temp = zsonObject.getIntValue("temp");
- int humidity = zsonObject.getIntValue("humidity");
- int other = zsonObject.getIntValue("other");
- tvTemp.setText(temp+"℃");
- tvHumi.setText(humidity+"% RH");
- tvGas.setText(other+"% LEL");
- }
7. 解除订阅。一般在页面销毁时调用,也就是MainAbilitySlice的onStop()中调用
- if (singleKvStore != null) {
- singleKvStore.unSubscribe(innerKvStoreObserver);
- }
8. 同步数据到其他设备。获取已连接的设备列表,选择同步方式进行数据同步
- List<DeviceInfo> deviceInfoList = kvManager.getConnectedDevicesInfo(DeviceFilterStrategy.NO_FILTER);
- List<String> deviceIdList = new ArrayList<>();
- for (DeviceInfo deviceInfo : deviceInfoList) {
- deviceIdList.add(deviceInfo.getId());
- }
- singleKvStore.sync(deviceIdList, SyncMode.PUSH_ONLY);
项目中采用在后台service中开启定时任务,实时保存数据到分布式数据库,然后在主界面,监听数据变化,实时更新数据。
结果演示
1.刚开始安装完成后效果:
2.每隔3秒,界面数据都会发生变化:
附上源码:
1.MainAbilitySlice
- public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
- private SingleKvStore singleKvStore;
- private Text tvTemp;
- private Text tvHumi;
- private Text tvGas;
- private Intent serviceIntent;
- private InnerKvStoreObserver innerKvStoreObserver;
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent) {
- super.onStart(intent);
- super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
- tvTemp=(Text)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tvTemp);
- tvHumi=(Text)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tvHumi);
- tvGas=(Text)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tvGas);
- initService();
- try {
- //获取数据库
- singleKvStore = DBUtils.initOrGetDB(this, DBUtils.STORE_ID);
- innerKvStoreObserver = new InnerKvStoreObserver();
- singleKvStore.subscribe(SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, innerKvStoreObserver);
- } catch (KvStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public class InnerKvStoreObserver implements KvStoreObserver {
- @Override
- public void onChange(ChangeNotification changeNotification) {
- //刷新页面上的数据,同样有一个坑,onChange方法实质上,在一个子线程里执行
- getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
- //在这里执行页面ui组件的显示刷新
- flushUIData();
- });
- }
- }
- private void flushUIData() {
- //查询分布式数据的数据
- List<Entry> entries = singleKvStore.getEntries("key");
- if (entries.size() > 0) {
- ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(entries.get(0).getValue().getString());
- int temp = zsonObject.getIntValue("temp");
- int humidity = zsonObject.getIntValue("humidity");
- int other = zsonObject.getIntValue("other");
- tvTemp.setText(temp+"℃");
- tvHumi.setText(humidity+"% RH");
- tvGas.setText(other+"% LEL");
- }
- }
- private void initService() {
- //启动ServiceAbility
- serviceIntent = new Intent();
- Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
- .withDeviceId("")
- .withBundleName("com.isoftstone.kvstoreapp")
- .withAbilityName("com.isoftstone.kvstoreapp.ServiceAbility")
- .build();
- serviceIntent.setOperation(operation);
- startAbility(serviceIntent);
- }
- @Override
- public void onActive() {
- super.onActive();
- }
- @Override
- public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
- super.onForeground(intent);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onStop() {
- super.onStop();
- //销毁service
- stopAbility(serviceIntent);
- //删除数据库
- DBUtils.clearDB();
- //解除订阅
- if (singleKvStore != null) {
- singleKvStore.unSubscribe(innerKvStoreObserver);
- }
- }
- }
2.ServiceAbility
- public class ServiceAbility extends Ability {
- private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(3, 0xD001100, "Demo");
- private SingleKvStore singleKvStore;
- private Timer timer;
- private MyTimerTask myTimerTask;
- private int temperature;
- private int humidity;
- private int gas;
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent) {
- super.onStart(intent);
- singleKvStore = DBUtils.initOrGetDB(this, DBUtils.STORE_ID);
- timer=new Timer();
- myTimerTask=new MyTimerTask();
- timer.schedule(myTimerTask,0,3000);
- }
- @Override
- public void onBackground() {
- super.onBackground();
- HiLog.info(LABEL_LOG, "ServiceAbility::onBackground");
- }
- @Override
- public void onStop() {
- super.onStop();
- if(myTimerTask!=null){
- myTimerTask.cancel();
- }
- if(timer!=null){
- timer.cancel();
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void onCommand(Intent intent, boolean restart, int startId) {
- }
- @Override
- public IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- public void onDisconnect(Intent intent) {
- }
- private class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask{
- @Override
- public void run() {
- temperature++;
- humidity++;
- gas++;
- try {
- long id = System.currentTimeMillis();
- singleKvStore.putString("key",
- "{\"id\":" + id +
- ",\"temp\":" + temperature +
- ",\"humidity\":" + humidity +
- ",\"NH4\":" + 0.0 +
- ",\"H2S\":" + 0.0 +
- ",\"other\":" + gas + "}");
- } catch (KvStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
3.DBUtils
- public class DBUtils {
- //分布式数据库storeId
- public static final String STORE_ID="kvStoreDB";
- private static KvManager kvManager;
- private static SingleKvStore singleKvStore;
- //具体的实现数据库的初始化
- public static SingleKvStore initOrGetDB(Context context, String storeId) {
- KvManagerConfig kvManagerConfig = new KvManagerConfig(context);
- kvManager = KvManagerFactory.getInstance().createKvManager(kvManagerConfig);
- Options options = new Options();
- options.setCreateIfMissing(true)
- .setEncrypt(false)
- .setKvStoreType(KvStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION)
- .setAutoSync(true);//设置数据为自动同步
- singleKvStore = kvManager.getKvStore(options, storeId);
- return singleKvStore;
- }
- // 如果数据库中的字段有修改,只能先关闭,后删除,然后重新创建才生效
- public static void clearDB() {
- kvManager.closeKvStore(singleKvStore);
- kvManager.deleteKvStore(STORE_ID);
- }
- }
4. MainAbility
- public class MainAbility extends Ability {
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent) {
- super.onStart(intent);
- super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
- //实现Ability的代码中显式声明需要使用多设备协同访问的权限
- requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{
- "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"}, 0);
- }
- }
5. MyApplication
- public class MyApplication extends AbilityPackage {
- @Override
- public void onInitialize() {
- super.onInitialize();
- }
- }
6. config.json 文件
- {
- "app": {
- "bundleName": "com.isoftstone.healthdata",
- "vendor": "isoftstone",
- "version": {
- "code": 1000000,
- "name": "1.0"
- },
- "apiVersion": {
- "compatible": 4,
- "target": 5,
- "releaseType": "Release"
- }
- },
- "deviceConfig": {},
- "module": {
- "package": "com.isoftstone.kvstoreapp",
- "name": ".MyApplication",
- "deviceType": [
- "phone"
- ],
- "distro": {
- "deliveryWithInstall": true,
- "moduleName": "entry",
- "moduleType": "entry"
- },
- "reqPermissions": [
- {
- "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"
- }
- ],
- "abilities": [
- {
- "skills": [
- {
- "entities": [
- "entity.system.home"
- ],
- "actions": [
- "action.system.home"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "orientation": "unspecified",
- "name": "com.isoftstone.kvstoreapp.MainAbility",
- "icon": "$media:icon",
- "description": "$string:mainability_description",
- "label": "$string:app_name",
- "type": "page",
- "launchType": "standard"
- },
- {
- "name": "com.isoftstone.kvstoreapp.ServiceAbility",
- "icon": "$media:icon",
- "description": "$string:serviceability_description",
- "type": "service"
- }
- ]
- }
- }
7.xml布局文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <DirectionalLayout
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:height="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="vertical"
- ohos:width="match_parent">
- <DirectionalLayout
- ohos:padding="20vp"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="horizontal">
- <Text
- ohos:width="match_content"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:text_size="20vp"
- ohos:text="温度:"/>
- <Text
- ohos:id="$+id:tvTemp"
- ohos:width="0"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:text_size="22vp"
- ohos:text_color="#00ff00"
- ohos:text="待采集..."
- ohos:weight="1"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
- <DirectionalLayout
- ohos:height="1vp"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:background_element="#cccccc"/>
- <DirectionalLayout
- ohos:padding="20vp"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="horizontal">
- <Text
- ohos:width="match_content"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:text_size="20vp"
- ohos:text="湿度:"/>
- <Text
- ohos:id="$+id:tvHumi"
- ohos:width="0"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:text_size="22vp"
- ohos:text_color="#00ff00"
- ohos:text="待采集..."
- ohos:weight="1"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
- <DirectionalLayout
- ohos:height="1vp"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:background_element="#cccccc"/>
- <DirectionalLayout
- ohos:padding="20vp"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="horizontal">
- <Text
- ohos:width="match_content"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:text_size="20vp"
- ohos:text="可燃气体:"/>
- <Text
- ohos:id="$+id:tvGas"
- ohos:width="0"
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:text_size="22vp"
- ohos:text_color="#00ff00"
- ohos:text="待采集..."
- ohos:weight="1"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
- <DirectionalLayout
- ohos:height="1vp"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:background_element="#cccccc"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>