1. 问题
粉丝提问:某个函数指针的使用:编译时出错了。
type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'on_touch_messgae_handle'[-Wimplicit-int] typedef(*on_touch_messgae_handle)(touch_message_t);
粉丝源码如下:
2. 分析
1) 结构解析
- 1 struct touch_message
- 2 {
- 3 rt_uint16_t x;
- 4 rt_uint16_t y;
- 5 rt_uint8_t event;
- 6 };
- 7 typedef struct touch_message * touch_message_t;
- 8 typedef (*on_touch_messgae_handle)(touch_message_t);
首先看下7行这个类型定义:
- typedef struct touch_message * touch_message_t;
定义后
- touch_message_t
等价于
- struct touch_message *
就是说我们如果用touch_message_t 定义的变量是一个struct touch_message类型的一个指针。
再来分析下8行这个定义:
- typedef (*on_touch_messgae_handle)(touch_message_t);
可以替换成下面这个定义
- typedef (*on_touch_messgae_handle)(struct touch_message *);
2) 分步解析
有的C语言基础不是很好的朋友,可能无法一眼看出来这个定义, 为了让新手更容易看懂,我们来看一下下面一个递进式的定义:
- int fun;
这是一个整型变量fun;
- int fun();
这是一个函数fun, 参数 :空 返回值:int型
- int fun(struct touch_message *);
这是一个函数fun, 参数 :struct touch_message *的一个指针 返回值:int型
上述的变化都好理解,下面我们将fun做如下修改:
- int (*fun)(struct touch_message *);
括号的优先级最高,(fun)一旦如此定义,那么fun就要先和结合, 所以fun变成了一个指针,
那么该指针指向什么呢?就需要看外面是如何定义的, 右边是(struct touch_message * ),左边是int, 所以说明指针指向的是一个函数,
参数 :struct touch_message *的一个指针 返回值:int型
举例:将函数my_fun赋值给函数指针fun。int my_fun(struct touch_message *) { } int (*fun)(struct touch_message *); fun = my_fun;
这里有一个隐藏的知识点,函数名其实也是一个地址,而且赋值的时候函数类型必须和函数指针类型一致。
- typedef int (*fun)(struct touch_message *);
如果左边再加上typedef呢?相当于是设置fun为新的类型,我们可以用fun来定义一个函数指针, 该函数类型同上。
举例 用新的类型定义一个函数指针变量,并给他赋值。typedef int (*fun)(struct touch_message *); int my_fun(struct touch_message *) { } fun fun_ptr; fun_ptr = my_fun;
然后将参数修改为,touch_message_t,就得到了粉丝的源码中的样子,
- typedef int (*fun)(touch_message_t);
但是粉丝的源码中定义的函数类型缺少了对函数返回值的描述,所以左侧增加一个int或者其他类型即可即可。
3. 函数指针
函数指针在linux内核中使用非常频繁,
比如字符设备,内核给多有的字符设备提供了一个统一的接口,我们对设备的所有操作被抽象成read、write、open、close等,并封装到结构体struct file_operations 中:
- struct file_operations {
- struct module *owner;
- loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
- ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
- ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
- ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
- ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
- int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
- unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
- long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
- long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
- int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
- int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
- int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
- int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
- int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
- int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
- int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
- int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
- ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
- unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
- int (*check_flags)(int);
- int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
- ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
- ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
- int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);
- long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
- loff_t len);
- int (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
- };
那么我们应该如何定义该结构体变量并初始化呢?
- static struct file_operations hello_ops =
- {
- .open = hello_open,
- .release = hello_release,
- .read = hello_read,
- .write = hello_write,
- };
函数定义如下:
- static int hello_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
- {
- return 0;
- }
- static int hello_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
- {
- return 0;
- }
- static ssize_t hello_read (struct file *filep, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *pos)
- {
- return size;
- }
- static ssize_t hello_write (struct file *filep, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *pos)
- {
- return size;
- }
注意,函数的参数和返回值,必须严格按照结构体struct file_operations中的类型定义。【编辑推荐】