Unsafe介绍
Unsafe是位于sun.misc包下的一个类,主要提供一些用于执行低级别、不安全操作的方法,如直接访问系统内存资源、自主管理内存资源等,这些方法在提升Java运行效率、增强Java语言底层资源操作能力方面起到了很大的作用。但由于Unsafe类使得Java语言拥有了类似C语言指针一样操作内存空间的能力,这无疑也增加了程序发生相关指针问题的风险。在程序中过度、不正确使用Unsafe类会使得程序出错的概率变大,使得Java这种安全的语言变得不再“安全”,因此对Unsafe的使用一定要慎重。
java.util.concurrent.atomic包下的原子操作类,基本都是使用Unsafe实现的。
Unsafe提供的API大致可分为内存操作、CAS、Class、对象操作、线程、系统信息获取、内存屏障、数组操作等几类。
内存相关
CAS相关
java.util.concurrent.atomic包中的原子类基本都用的Unsafe
- private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
- private static final long valueOffset;
- static {
- try {
- valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AtomicInteger.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
- } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
- }
- public final int getAndSet(int newValue) {
- return unsafe.getAndSetInt(this, valueOffset, newValue);
- }
线程相关
LockSupport类中有应用unpark,park
- public static void park(Object blocker) {
- Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
- setBlocker(t, blocker);
- UNSAFE.park(false, 0L);
- setBlocker(t, null);
- }
- public static void unpark(Thread thread) {
- if (thread != null)
- UNSAFE.unpark(thread);
- }
Class相关
对象操作相关
系统相关
内存屏障
loadFence:保证在这个屏障之前的所有读操作都已经完成。
storeFence:保证在这个屏障之前的所有写操作都已经完成。
fullFence:保证在这个屏障之前的所有读写操作都已经完成。
在java8中 有这个StampedLock类,该类中应用了内存屏障功能。
- private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;
- static {
- try {
- U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new Error(e);
- }
- }
- public boolean validate(long stamp) {
- U.loadFence();
- return (stamp & SBITS) == (state & SBITS);
- }
- U.loadFence();
Unsafe.java
- public final class Unsafe {
- private static native void registerNatives();
- static {
- registerNatives();
- sun.reflect.Reflection.registerMethodsToFilter(Unsafe.class, "getUnsafe");
- }
- private Unsafe() {}
- private static final Unsafe theUnsafe = new Unsafe();
- // ...
- }
获取Unsafe实例
Unsafe类是final且是单例的,并且theUnsafe字段是private;通过如下方法获取实例
方法1
- Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ;
- theUnsafe.setAccessible(true) ;
- Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null) ;
方法2
- private static Unsafe unsafe = null ;
- static {
- try {
- Constructor<Unsafe> cons = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredConstructor() ;
- cons.setAccessible(true) ;
- unsafe = cons.newInstance() ;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
Unsafe简单应用
- int i = 0 ;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- UnsafeDemo d = new UnsafeDemo() ;
- // 获取Unsafe实例
- Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ;
- theUnsafe.setAccessible(true) ;
- Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null) ;
- // 获取类的实例变量
- Field f = UnsafeDemo.class.getDeclaredField("i") ;
- // 获取字段相对Java对象的"起始地址"的偏移量
- long fieldOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f) ;
- System.out.println(fieldOffset) ;
- // 设置值
- boolean success = unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(d, fieldOffset, 0, 10) ;
- System.out.println(success) ;
- System.out.println(d.i) ;
- }
Unsafe对象操作
- private static Unsafe unsafe = null ;
- static {
- try {
- Constructor<Unsafe> cons = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredConstructor() ;
- cons.setAccessible(true) ;
- unsafe = cons.newInstance() ;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void allocate() {
- try {
- Person p = (Person)unsafe.allocateInstance(Person.class) ;
- p.setId("s001");
- System.out.println(p.getValue()) ;
- System.out.println(p.getId()) ;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
执行结果:
对象操作2:
- private Person p = new Person("1", "张三") ;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- UnSafeObjectDemo d = new UnSafeObjectDemo() ;
- Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ;
- field.setAccessible(true) ;
- Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null) ;
- Field f = d.getClass().getDeclaredField("p") ;
- long offset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f) ;
- System.out.println(offset) ;
- boolean res = unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(d, offset, d.p, new Person("2", "李四")) ;
- System.out.println(res) ;
- System.out.println(d.p.getName()) ;
- }
Unsafe创建对象
当不知道即将使用的对象有何构造函数,或是不想使用现有对象的构造函数创建对象时,可以通过如下方式:
- Constructor<Teacher> cons = (Constructor<Teacher>) ReflectionFactory.getReflectionFactory().newConstructorForSerialization(Teacher.class,
- Object.class.getConstructor());
- cons.setAccessible(true);
- Teacher t = cons.newInstance() ;
- System.out.println(t) ;
Unsafe简单实现原子操作类
- public class AtomicCount {
- private static Unsafe unsafe ;
- private int value ;
- private static long valueOffset ;
- static {
- try {
- Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ;
- theUnsafe.setAccessible(true) ;
- unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null) ;
- Field f = AtomicCount.class.getDeclaredField("value") ;
- valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f) ;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public AtomicCount(int value) {
- this.value = value ;
- }
- public final int get() {
- return value;
- }
- public final int getAndIncrement() {
- return unsafe.getAndAddInt(this, valueOffset, 1);
- }
- }
完毕!!!