selenium使用流程:
1.环境安装:
- pip install selenium
2.下载一个浏览器的驱动程序(谷歌浏览器)
3.实例化一个浏览器对象基本使用
代码
- from selenium import webdriver
- from lxml import etree
- from time import sleep
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- bro = webdriver.Chrome(r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
- bro.get(url='http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/')
- page_text = bro.page_source
- tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
- li_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="gzlist"]/li')
- for li in li_list:
- name = li.xpath('./dl/@title')[0]
- print(name)
- sleep(5)
- bro.quit()
基于浏览器自动化的操作代码
#编写基于浏览器自动化的操作代码
- 发起请求: get(url)
- 标签定位: find系列的方法
- 标签交互: send_ keys( 'xxx' )
- 执行js程序: excute_script('jsCod')
- 前进,后退: back(),forward( )
- 关闭浏览器: quit()1
代码
- https://www.taobao.com/
- from selenium import webdriver
- from time import sleep
- bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
- bro.get(url='https://www.taobao.com/')
- #标签定位
- search_input = bro.find_element_by_id('q')
- sleep(2)
- #执行一组js代码,使得滚轮向下滑动
- bro.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)')
- sleep(2)
- #标签交互
- search_input.send_keys('女装')
- button = bro.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
- button.click()
- bro.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- sleep(2)
- bro.back()
- sleep(2)
- bro.forward()
- sleep(5)
- bro.quit()
selenium处理iframe:
- 如果定位的标签存在于iframe标签之中,则必须使用switch_to.frame(id)
- 动作链(拖动) : from selenium. webdriver import ActionChains
- 实例化一个动作链对象: action = ActionChains (bro)
- click_and_hold(div) :长按且点击操作
- move_by_offset(x,y)
- perform( )让动作链立即执行
- action.release( )释放动作链对象
代码
- https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable
- from selenium import webdriver
- from time import sleep
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
- bro.get('https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
- bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
- div = bro.find_element_by_id('draggable')
- #动作链
- action = ActionChains(bro)
- action.click_and_hold(div)
- for i in range(5):
- action.move_by_offset(17,0).perform()
- sleep(0.3)
- #释放动作链
- action.release()
- bro.quit()
selenium模拟登陆QQ空间
代码
- https://qzone.qq.com/
- from selenium import webdriver
- from time import sleep
- bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
- bro.get('https://qzone.qq.com/')
- bro.switch_to.frame("login_frame")
- switcher = bro.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin')
- switcher.click()
- user_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('u')
- password_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('p')
- user_tag.send_keys('1234455')
- password_tag.send_keys('qwer123')
- sleep(1)
- but = bro.find_element_by_id('login_button')
- but.click()
无头浏览器和规避检测
代码
- from selenium import webdriver
- from time import sleep
- #实现无可视化界面
- from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
- #实现规避检测
- from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
- #实现无可视化界面
- chrome_options = Options()
- chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
- chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
- #实现规避检测
- option = ChromeOptions()
- option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',['enable-automation'])
- bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe",chrome_options=chrome_options,options=option)
- bro.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- print(bro.page_source)
- sleep(2)
- bro.quit()
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