Selector其实就是一组状态列表(StateList),可以将不同的状态关联不同的效果,主要用于设置控件背景和字体颜色等。控件一共有7种状态,常用的有:空状态empty,按下状态pressed,获取焦点focused,勾选状态checked,不可用状态disable。
鸿蒙中selector效果可以通过xml的state-container标签或者在代码中使用StateElement来实现,下面以button的背景选择器举例说明:
- // 表示当前控件处于被勾选状态(check状态),如控件Checkbox
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_CHECKED = 64;
- // 表示当前控件处于不可用状态,如Button的setEnabled为false
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED = 32;
- // 初始状态
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_EMPTY = 0;
- // 表示当前控件处于获取焦点的状态,如TextField被点击输入文字时
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_FOCUSED = 2;
- // 表示光标移动到当前控件上的状态
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_HOVERED = 268435456;
- // 当用户点击或者触摸该控件的状态,如Button点击
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_PRESSED = 16384;
- // 表示控件被选择地状态,比如一个ListContainer获得焦点(focus),而用方向键选择了其中一个item(selecter)
- public static final int COMPONENT_STATE_SELECTED = 4;
实现以及使用:
1创建selector.xml
在resources/base/graphic自定义 shape,定义不同状态的背景,然后将多个shape组合配置到state-container中生成一个新的selector_button.xml文件,提供给控件使用。
定义空状态下的shape背景生成background_btn_empty.xml,其他状态类似:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <shape
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:shape="rectangle">
- <corners ohos:radius="5vp"/>
- <solid ohos:color="#0000ff"/>
- </shape>
定义按下状态下的背景生成background_btn_pressed.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <shape
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:shape="rectangle">
- <corners ohos:radius="5vp"/>
- <solid
- ohos:color="#FF0000"/>
- </shape>
创建selector_button.xml,在ohos:element字段中配置shape背景, ohos:state配置控件状态:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <state-container
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos">
- <item
- ohos:element="$graphic:background_btn_disabled"
- ohos:state="component_state_disabled"/>
- <item
- ohos:element="$graphic:background_btn_pressed"
- ohos:state="component_state_pressed"/>
- <item
- ohos:element="$graphic:background_btn_empty"
- ohos:state="component_state_empty"/>
- </state-container>
也可以直接使用颜色:
- <state-container
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos">
- <item
- ohos:element="#ff0000"
- ohos:state="component_state_disabled"/>
- <item
- ohos:element="#00ff00"
- ohos:state="component_state_pressed"/>
- <item
- ohos:element="#0000ff"
- ohos:state="component_state_empty"/>
- </state-container>
2控件中使用
设置控件的背景background_element为状态选择器,并在状态选择器中按需添加不同的状态和不同的状态下的背景:
- <Button
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:width="match_content"
- ohos:background_element="$graphic:selector_button"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:margin="5vp"
- ohos:text="Button xml"
- ohos:text_size="50"
- />
3代码中使用
新建不同的状态下的ShapeElement后将其添加到State Element中,并将需要设置状态选择器的部分设置为添加了状态的StateElement,如Button的setBackground、Checkbox的setButtonElement,设置之后相关的控件就会有状态选择器的效果。
3.1 Button
- /**
- * 添加一个Button
- */
- private void initButton() {
- // Button在presses状态的element
- ShapeElement elementButtonPressed = new ShapeElement();
- elementButtonPressed.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.RED);
- elementButtonPressed.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementButtonPressed.setCornerRadius(10);
- // Button在Disabled状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementButtonDisable = new ShapeElement();
- elementButtonDisable.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.GREEN);
- elementButtonDisable.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementButtonDisable.setCornerRadius(10);
- // Button在Empty状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementButtonEmpty = new ShapeElement();
- elementButtonEmpty.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.BLUE);
- elementButtonEmpty.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementButtonEmpty.setCornerRadius(10);
- // Button在Hoveered状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementButtonHovered = new ShapeElement();
- elementButtonHovered.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.GRAY);
- elementButtonHovered.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementButtonHovered.setCornerRadius(10);
- // 将各种状态下不同的背景添加到StateElement中
- StateElement stateElement = new StateElement();
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_PRESSED}, elementButtonPressed);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED}, elementButtonDisable);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_HOVERED}, elementButtonHovered);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_EMPTY}, elementButtonEmpty);
- // 新建一个button并将其添加到布局中
- Button button = new Button(this);
- button.setMarginTop(20);
- button.setText("Button");
- button.setTextSize(50);
- // 设置按钮的状态,若为false,则表示状态为COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED
- // button.setEnabled(false);
- button.setBackground(stateElement);
- DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig layoutConfig = new DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig(
- ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT, ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);
- layoutConfig.alignment = LayoutAlignment.CENTER;
- layoutConfig.setMargins(20, 20, 20, 20);
- button.setLayoutConfig(layoutConfig);
- dlSelector.addComponent(button);
- }
3.2 TextField
- /**
- * 添加一个TextField
- */
- private void initTextField() {
- // TextField在presses状态的element
- ShapeElement elementTextFieldPressed = new ShapeElement();
- elementTextFieldPressed.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.RED);
- elementTextFieldPressed.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementTextFieldPressed.setCornerRadius(10);
- // TextField在Disabled状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementTextFieldDisable = new ShapeElement();
- elementTextFieldDisable.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.GRAY);
- elementTextFieldDisable.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementTextFieldDisable.setCornerRadius(10);
- // TextField在Empty状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementTextFieldEmpty = new ShapeElement();
- elementTextFieldEmpty.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.BLUE);
- elementTextFieldEmpty.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementTextFieldEmpty.setCornerRadius(10);
- // TextField在Focused状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementTextFieldFocused = new ShapeElement();
- elementTextFieldFocused.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.GREEN);
- elementTextFieldFocused.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementTextFieldFocused.setCornerRadius(10);
- //将各种状态下不同的背景添加到StateElement中
- StateElement stateElement = new StateElement();
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_PRESSED}, elementTextFieldPressed);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED}, elementTextFieldDisable);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_FOCUSED}, elementTextFieldFocused);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_EMPTY}, elementTextFieldEmpty);
- //新建一个TextField并将其添加到布局中
- TextField textField = new TextField(this);
- textField.setText("TextField");
- textField.setTextSize(50);
- // 设置textfield的状态,若为false,则表示状态为COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED
- // textField.setEnabled(false);
- textField.setBackground(stateElement);
- DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig layoutConfig = new DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig(
- ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT, ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);
- layoutConfig.alignment = LayoutAlignment.CENTER;
- layoutConfig.setMargins(20, 20, 20, 20);
- textField.setLayoutConfig(layoutConfig);
- dlSelector.addComponent(textField);
- }
3.3 Checkbox
- /**
- * 添加一个Checkbox
- */
- private void initCheckbox() {
- // Checkbox在presses状态的element
- ShapeElement elementCheckboxPressed = new ShapeElement();
- elementCheckboxPressed.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.RED);
- elementCheckboxPressed.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementCheckboxPressed.setCornerRadius(10);
- // Checkbox在Disabled状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementCheckboxDisable = new ShapeElement();
- elementCheckboxDisable.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.GREEN);
- elementCheckboxDisable.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementCheckboxDisable.setCornerRadius(10);
- // Checkbox在Empty状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementCheckboxEmpty = new ShapeElement();
- elementCheckboxEmpty.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.BLUE);
- elementCheckboxEmpty.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementCheckboxEmpty.setCornerRadius(10);
- // Checkbox在Checked状态下的element
- ShapeElement elementCheckboxChecked = new ShapeElement();
- elementCheckboxChecked.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.GRAY);
- elementCheckboxChecked.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
- elementCheckboxChecked.setCornerRadius(10);
- //将各种状态下不同的背景添加到StateElement中
- StateElement stateElement = new StateElement();
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_PRESSED}, elementCheckboxPressed);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED}, elementCheckboxDisable);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_CHECKED}, elementCheckboxChecked);
- stateElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_EMPTY}, elementCheckboxEmpty);
- //新建一个button并将其添加到布局中
- Checkbox checkbox = new Checkbox(this);
- checkbox.setText("Checkbox");
- checkbox.setTextSize(50);
- // 设置按钮的状态,若为false,则表示状态为COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED
- // checkbox.setEnabled(false);
- checkbox.setButtonElement(stateElement);
- // checkbox点击也会有状态变化
- // checkbox.setBackground(stateElement);
- DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig layoutConfig = new DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig(
- ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT, ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);
- layoutConfig.alignment = LayoutAlignment.CENTER;
- layoutConfig.setMargins(20, 20, 20, 20);
- checkbox.setLayoutConfig(layoutConfig);
- dlSelector.addComponent(checkbox);
- }
本文作者:Zhang Heng 来自鸿蒙三方库联合特战队