本文是Redis集群学习的实践总结(基于Redis 6.0+),详细介绍逐步搭建Redis集群环境的过程,并完成集群伸缩的实践。
Redis集群简介
Redis集群(Redis Cluster) 是Redis提供的分布式数据库方案,通过 分片(sharding) 来进行数据共享,并提供复制和故障转移功能。相比于主从复制、哨兵模式,Redis集群实现了较为完善的高可用方案,解决了存储能力受到单机限制,写操作无法负载均衡的问题。
本文是Redis集群学习的实践总结,详细介绍逐步搭建Redis集群环境的过程,并完成集群伸缩的实践。
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1 Redis集群环境搭建
方便起见,这里集群环境的所有节点全部位于同一个服务器上,共6个节点以端口号区分,3个主节点+3个从节点。集群的简单架构如图:
本文基于最新的Redis 6.0+,直接从github下载最新的源码编译获得常用工具 redis-server , redis-cli 。值得注意的是,从Redis 5.0以后的版本,集群管理软件 redis-trib.rb 被集成到 redis-cli 客户端工具中(详细可参考cluster-tutorial)。
本节介绍集群环境搭建时,并未借助 redis-trib.rb 快速管理,而是按照标准步骤一步步搭建,这也是为了熟悉集群管理的基本步骤。在集群伸缩实践一节将借助 redis-trib.rb 完成集群重新分片工作。
集群的搭建可以分为四步:
- 启动节点:将节点以集群方式启动,此时节点是独立的。
- 节点握手:将独立的节点连成网络。
- 槽指派:将16384个槽位分配给主节点,以达到分片保存数据库键值对的效果。
- 主从复制:为从节点指定主节点。
1.1 启动节点
每个节点初始状态仍为 Master服务器,唯一不同的是:使用 Cluster 模式启动。需要对配置文件进行修改,以端口号为6379的节点为例,主要修改如下几项:
- # redis_6379_cluster.conf
- port 6379
- cluster-enabled yes
- cluster-config-file "node-6379.conf"
- logfile "redis-server-6379.log"
- dbfilename "dump-6379.rdb"
- daemonize yes
其中 cluster-config-file 参数指定了集群配置文件的位置,每个节点在运行过程中,会维护一份集群配置文件;每当集群信息发生变化时(如增减节点),集群内所有节点会将最新信息更新到该配置文件;当节点重启后,会重新读取该配置文件,获取集群信息,可以方便的重新加入到集群中。也就是说,当Redis节点以集群模式启动时,会首先寻找是否有集群配置文件,如果有则使用文件中的配置启动,如果没有,则初始化配置并将配置保存到文件中。集群配置文件由Redis节点维护,不需要人工修改。
为6个节点修改好相应的配置文件后,即可利用 redis-server redis_xxxx_cluster.conf 工具启动6个服务器(xxxx表示端口号,对应相应的配置文件)。利用ps命令查看进程:
- $ ps -aux | grep redis
- ... 800 0.1 0.0 49584 2444 ? Ssl 20:42 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379 [cluster]
- ... 805 0.1 0.0 49584 2440 ? Ssl 20:42 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6380 [cluster]
- ... 812 0.3 0.0 49584 2436 ? Ssl 20:42 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6381 [cluster]
- ... 817 0.1 0.0 49584 2432 ? Ssl 20:43 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6479 [cluster]
- ... 822 0.0 0.0 49584 2380 ? Ssl 20:43 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6480 [cluster]
- ... 827 0.5 0.0 49584 2380 ? Ssl 20:43 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6481 [cluster]
1.2 节点握手
1.1中将每个节点启动后,节点间是相互独立的,他们都处于一个只包含自己的集群当中,以端口号6379的服务器为例,利用 CLUSTER NODES 查看当前集群包含的节点。
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- 37784b3605ad216fa93e976979c43def42bf763d :6379@16379 myself,master - 0 0 0 connected 449 4576 5798 7568 8455 12706
我们需要将各个独立的节点连接起来,构成一个包含多个节点的集群,使用 CLUSTER MEET 命令。
- $ redis-cli -p 6379 -c # -c 选项指定以Cluster模式运行redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER MEET 127.0.0.1 6380 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER MEET 127.0.0.1 6381 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER MEET 127.0.0.1 6480 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER MEET 127.0.0.1 6381 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER MEET 127.0.0.1 6382 OK
再次查看此时集群中包含的节点情况:
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603632309283 4 connected
- 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1603632308000 1 connected
- 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603632310292 2 connected
- 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 master - 0 1603632309000 5 connected
- 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603632308000 3 connected
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 master - 0 1603632311302 0 connected
可以发现此时6个节点均作为主节点加入到集群中, CLUSTER NODES 返回的结果各项含义如下:
- <id> <ip:port@cport> <flags> <master> <ping-sent> <pong-recv> <config-epoch> <link-state> <slot> <slot> ... <slot>
- 节点id: 由40个16进制字符串组成,节点id只在集群初始化时创建一次,然后保存到集群配置文件(即前文提到的cluster-config-file)中,以后节点重新启动时会直接在集群配置文件中读取。
- port@cport: 前者为普通端口,用于为客户端提供服务;后者为集群端口,分配方法为:普通端口+10000,只用于节点间的通讯。
其余各项的详细解释可以参考官方文档cluster nodes。
1.3 槽指派
Redis集群通过分片(sharding)的方式保存数据库的键值对,整个数据库被分为16384个槽(slot),数据库每个键都属于这16384个槽的一个,集群中的每个节点都可以处理0个或者最多16384个slot。
槽是数据管理和迁移的基本单位。当数据库中的16384个槽都分配了节点时,集群处于上线状态(ok);如果有任意一个槽没有分配节点,则集群处于下线状态(fail)。
注意,只有主节点有处理槽的能力,如果将槽指派步骤放在主从复制之后,并且将槽位分配给从节点,那么集群将无法正常工作(处于下线状态)。
利用 CLUSTER ADDSLOTS
- redis-cli -p 6379 cluster addslots {0..5000}
- redis-cli -p 6380 cluster addslots {5001..10000}
- redis-cli -p 6381 cluster addslots {10001..16383}
槽指派后集群中节点情况如下:
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603632880310 4 connected 5001-10000 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1603632879000 1 connected 0-5000 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603632879000 2 connected 10001-16383 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 master - 0 1603632878000 5 connected
- 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603632880000 3 connected
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 master - 0 1603632881317 0 connected
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER INFO
- cluster_state:ok # 集群处于上线状态
- cluster_slots_assigned:16384 cluster_slots_ok:16384 cluster_slots_pfail:0 cluster_slots_fail:0 cluster_known_nodes:6 cluster_size:3 cluster_current_epoch:5 cluster_my_epoch:1 cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:4763 cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:4939 cluster_stats_messages_meet_sent:5 cluster_stats_messages_sent:9707 cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:4939 cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:4768 cluster_stats_messages_received:9707
1.4 主从复制
上述步骤后,集群节点均作为主节点存在,仍不能实现Redis的高可用,配置主从复制之后,才算真正实现了集群的高可用功能。
- CLUSTER REPLICATE <node_id> 用来让集群中接收命令的节点成为 node_id 所指定节点的从节点,并开始对主节点进行复制。
- redis-cli -p 6479 cluster replicate 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52
- redis-cli -p 6480 cluster replicate c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f
- redis-cli -p 6481 cluster replicate 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603633105211 4 connected 5001-10000 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1603633105000 1 connected 0-5000 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603633105000 2 connected 10001-16383 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 slave 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 0 1603633107229 5 connected
- 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 slave 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 0 1603633106221 3 connected
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 slave c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 0 1603633104000 4 connected
顺带补充,上述步骤1.2,1.3,1.4可以利用 redis-trib.rb 工具整体实现,在Redis 5.0之后直接利用 redis-cli 完成,参考命令如下:
- redis-cli --cluster create 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1:6479 127.0.0.1:6380 127.0.0.1:6480 127.0.0.1:6381 127.0.0.1:6481 --cluster-replicas 1
--cluster-replicas 1 指示给定的创建节点列表是以主节点+从节点对组成的。
1.5 在集群中执行命令
集群此时处于上线状态,可以通过客户端向集群中的节点发送命令。接收命令的节点会计算出命令要处理的键属于哪个槽,并检查这个槽是否指派给自己。
- 如果键所在的slot刚好指派给了当前节点,会直接执行这个命令。
- 否则,节点向客户端返回 MOVED 错误,指引客户端转向 redirect 至正确的节点,并再次发送此前的命令。
此处,我们利用 CLUSTER KEYSLOT 查看到键 name 所在槽号为5798(被分配在6380节点),当对此键操作时,会被重定向到相应的节点。对键 fruits 的操作与此类似。
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER KEYSLOT name
- (integer) 5798
- 127.0.0.1:6379> set name huey -> Redirected to slot [5798] located at 127.0.0.1:6380 OK 127.0.0.1:6380>
- 127.0.0.1:6379> get fruits -> Redirected to slot [14943] located at 127.0.0.1:6381
- "apple"
- 127.0.0.1:6381>
值得注意的是,当我们将命令通过客户端发送给一个从节点时,命令会被重定向至对应的主节点。
- 127.0.0.1:6480> KEYS *
- 1) "name"
- 127.0.0.1:6480> get name -> Redirected to slot [5798] located at 127.0.0.1:6380
- "huey"
1.6 集群故障转移
集群中主节点下线时,复制此主节点的所有的从节点将会选出一个节点作为新的主节点,并完成故障转移。和主从复制的配置相似,当原先的从节点再次上线,它会被作为新主节点的的从节点存在于集群中。
下面模拟6379节点宕机的情况(将其SHUTDOWN),可以观察到其从节点6479将作为新的主节点继续工作。
- 462:S 26 Oct 14:08:12.750 * FAIL message received from c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f about 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 462:S 26 Oct 14:08:12.751 # Cluster state changed: fail 462:S 26 Oct 14:08:12.829 # Start of election delayed for 595 milliseconds (rank #0, offset 9160). 462:S 26 Oct 14:08:13.434 # Starting a failover election for epoch 6. 462:S 26 Oct 14:08:13.446 # Failover election won: I'm the new master.
- 462:S 26 Oct 14:08:13.447 # configEpoch set to 6 after successful failover 462:M 26 Oct 14:08:13.447 # Setting secondary replication ID to d357886e00341b57bf17e46b6d9f8cf53b7fad21, valid up to offset: 9161. New replication ID is adbf41b16075ea22b17f145186c53c4499864d5b 462:M 26 Oct 14:08:13.447 * Discarding previously cached master state. 462:M 26 Oct 14:08:13.448 # Cluster state changed: ok
6379节点从宕机状态恢复后,将作为6380节点的从节点存在。
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603692968000 2 connected 10001-16383 c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603692968504 0 connected 5001-10000 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603692967495 6 connected 0-5000 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,slave 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 0 1603692964000 1 connected
- 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 slave 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 0 1603692967000 4 connected
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 slave c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 0 1603692967000 5 connected
前文提到 cluster-config-file 会记录下集群节点的状态,打开节点6379的配置文件 nodes-6379.conf ,可以看到 CLUSTER NODES 所示信息均被保存在配置文件中:
- 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603694920206 2 connected 10001-16383 c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603694916000 0 connected 5001-10000 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603694920000 6 connected 0-5000 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,slave 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 0 1603694918000 1 connected
- 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 slave 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 0 1603694919000 4 connected
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 slave c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 0 1603694919200 5 connected
- vars currentEpoch 6 lastVoteEpoch 0
2 集群伸缩实践
集群伸缩的关键在于对集群的进行重新分片,实现槽位在节点间的迁移。本节将以在集群中添加节点和删除节点为例,对槽迁移进行实践。
借助于 redis-cli 中集成的 redis-trib.rb 工具进行槽位的管理,工具的帮助菜单如下:
- $ redis-cli --cluster help
- Cluster Manager Commands:
- create host1:port1 ... hostN:portN --cluster-replicas <arg> check host:port --cluster-search-multiple-owners
- info host:port
- fix host:port --cluster-search-multiple-owners --cluster-fix-with-unreachable-masters
- reshard host:port --cluster-from <arg>
- --cluster-to <arg>
- --cluster-slots <arg>
- --cluster-yes --cluster-timeout <arg>
- --cluster-pipeline <arg>
- --cluster-replace
- rebalance host:port --cluster-weight <node1node1=w1...nodeN=wN>
- --cluster-use-empty-masters --cluster-timeout <arg>
- --cluster-simulate --cluster-pipeline <arg>
- --cluster-threshold <arg>
- --cluster-replace
- add-node new_host:new_port existing_host:existing_port --cluster-slave --cluster-master-id <arg> del-node host:port node_id
- call host:port command arg arg .. arg set-timeout host:port milliseconds
- import host:port --cluster-from <arg>
- --cluster-copy --cluster-replace
- backup host:port backup_directory
- help
- For check, fix, reshard, del-node, set-timeout you can specify the host and port of any working node in the cluster.
2.1 集群伸缩-添加节点
考虑在集群中添加两个节点,端口号为6382和6482,其中节点6482对6382进行复制。
(1) 启动节点:按照1.1中介绍的步骤,启动6382和6482节点。
(2) 节点握手:借助 redis-cli --cluster add-node 命令分别添加节点6382和6482。
- redis-cli --cluster add-node 127.0.0.1:6382 127.0.0.1:6379 redis-cli --cluster add-node 127.0.0.1:6482 127.0.0.1:6379
- $ redis-cli --cluster add-node 127.0.0.1:6382 127.0.0.1:6379
- >>> Adding node 127.0.0.1:6382 to cluster 127.0.0.1:6379
- >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:6379)
- S: 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883
- M: 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381 slots:[10001-16383] (6383 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- M: c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380 slots:[5001-10000] (5000 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- M: 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479 slots:[0-5000] (5001 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- S: 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8
- S: 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f
- [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage...
- [OK] All 16384 slots covered. >>> Send CLUSTER MEET to node 127.0.0.1:6382 to make it join the cluster.
- [OK] New node added correctly.
- ```shell
- 3) 重新分片:借助 redis-cli --cluster reshard 命令对集群重新分片,使得各节点槽位均衡(分别从节点6379/6380/6381中迁移一些slot到节点6382中)。需要指定:
- * 移动的槽位数:最终平均每个主节点有4096个slot,因此总共移动4096 slots
- * 接收槽位的目标节点ID:节点6382的ID
- * 移出槽位的源节点ID:节点6379/6380/6381的ID
- ```shell
- $ redis-cli --cluster reshard 127.0.0.1 6479
- >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:6479)
- M: 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479 slots:[0-5000] (5001 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- S: 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f
- M: 706f399b248ed3a080cf1d4e43047a79331b714f 127.0.0.1:6482 slots: (0 slots) master
- M: af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 127.0.0.1:6382 slots: (0 slots) master
- M: 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381 slots:[10001-16383] (6383 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- S: 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8
- S: 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883
- M: c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380 slots:[5001-10000] (5000 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage...
- [OK] All 16384 slots covered.
- How many slots do you want to move (from 1 to 16384)? 4096 What is the receiving node ID?
(4) 设置主从关系:
- redis-cli -p 6482 cluster replicate af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3
- 127.0.0.1:6482> CLUSTER NODES
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 slave c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 0 1603694930000 0 connected
- 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603694931000 2 connected 11597-16383 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 slave 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 0 1603694932000 2 connected
- 706f399b248ed3a080cf1d4e43047a79331b714f 127.0.0.1:6482@16482 myself,slave af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 0 1603694932000 8 connected
- 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 slave 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 0 1603694932000 6 connected
- c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603694933678 0 connected 6251-10000 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603694932669 6 connected 1250-5000 af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 127.0.0.1:6382@16382 master - 0 1603694933000 9 connected 0-1249 5001-6250 10001-11596
2.2 集群伸缩-删除节点
这里考虑将新添加的两个节点6382和6482删除,需要将节点6382上分配的槽位迁移到其他节点。
(1) 重新分片: 同样借助 redis-cli --cluster reshard 命令,将6382节点上的槽位全部转移到节点6479上。
- $ redis-cli --cluster reshard 127.0.0.1 6382
- >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:6382)
- M: af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 127.0.0.1:6382 slots:[0-1249],[5001-6250],[10001-11596] (4096 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- M: 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381 slots:[11597-16383] (4787 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- S: 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883
- S: 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f
- M: 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479 slots:[1250-5000] (3751 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- M: c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380 slots:[6251-10000] (3750 slots) master 1 additional replica(s)
- S: 706f399b248ed3a080cf1d4e43047a79331b714f 127.0.0.1:6482 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3
- S: 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481 slots: (0 slots) slave
- replicates 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8
- [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage...
- [OK] All 16384 slots covered.
- How many slots do you want to move (from 1 to 16384)? 4096 What is the receiving node ID? 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883
- Please enter all the source node IDs.
- Type 'all' to use all the nodes as source nodes for the hash slots.
- Type 'done' once you entered all the source nodes IDs.
- Source node #1: af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3
- Source node #2: done
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603773540922 0 connected 6251-10000 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,slave 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 0 1603773539000 1 connected
- 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603773541000 10 connected 0-6250 10001-11596 706f399b248ed3a080cf1d4e43047a79331b714f 127.0.0.1:6482@16482 slave 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 0 1603773541000 10 connected
- 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 slave c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 0 1603773539000 5 connected
- 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 slave 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 0 1603773541931 4 connected
- af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 127.0.0.1:6382@16382 master - 0 1603773539000 9 connected
- 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603773540000 2 connected 11597-16383
(2) 删除节点: 利用 redis-cli --cluster del-node 命令依次删除从节点6482和主节点6382。
- $ redis-cli --cluster del-node 127.0.0.1:6482 706f399b248ed3a080cf1d4e43047a79331b714f >>> Removing node 706f399b248ed3a080cf1d4e43047a79331b714f from cluster 127.0.0.1:6482
- >>> Sending CLUSTER FORGET messages to the cluster... >>> Sending CLUSTER RESET SOFT to the deleted node.
- $ redis-cli --cluster del-node 127.0.0.1:6382 af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 >>> Removing node af81109fc29f69f9184ce9512c46df476fe693a3 from cluster 127.0.0.1:6382
- >>> Sending CLUSTER FORGET messages to the cluster... >>> Sending CLUSTER RESET SOFT to the deleted node.
- 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER NODES
- 47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 127.0.0.1:6380@16380 master - 0 1603773679121 0 connected 6251-10000 87b7dfacde34b3cf57d5f46ab44fd6fffb2e4f52 127.0.0.1:6379@16379 myself,slave 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 0 1603773677000 1 connected
- 4c23b25bd4bcef7f4b77d8287e330ae72e738883 127.0.0.1:6479@16479 master - 0 1603773678000 10 connected 0-6250 10001-11596 32ed645a9c9d13ca68dba5a147937fb1d05922ee 127.0.0.1:6480@16480 slave c47598b25205cc88abe2e5094d5bfd9ea202335f 0 1603773680130 5 connected
- 9d587b75bdaed26ca582036ed706df8b2282b0aa 127.0.0.1:6481@16481 slave 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 0 1603773677099 4 connected
- 51081a64ddb3ccf5432c435a8cf20d45ab795dd8 127.0.0.1:6381@16381 master - 0 1603773678112 2 connected 11597-16383
3 总结
Redis集群环境的搭建主要包括启动节点、节点握手、槽指派和主从复制等四个步骤,集群伸缩同样涉及这几个方面。借助 redis-cli --cluster 命令来管理集群环境,不仅能增加简便性,还能降低操作失误的风险。