本文转载自微信公众号「DBA闲思杂想录」,作者潇湘隐者。转载本文请联系DBA闲思杂想录公众号。
在MySQL中,需要修改MySQL的一个用户的权限,需要限制特定IP地址才能访问,下面结合简单的案例,具体演示一下. 下面测试环境为MySQL 5.6.20. 其它版本应该是一样的。如有其它版本与下面测试结果有出入,请以实际环境为准。
我们先创建一个测试用户LimitIP,只允许192.168段的IP地址访问,具体权限如下所示:
- mysql> GRANT SELECT ON MyDB.* TO LimitIP@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'LimitIP';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> GRANT INSERT ,UPDATE,DELETE ON MyDB.kkk TO LimitIP@'192.168.%';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
- mysql> flush privileges;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
- mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.%';
- +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.% |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
- | GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' |
- | GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
假设现在收到一个需求:这个用户只允许这个IP地址192.168.103.17访问,于是我打算更新mysql.user表,如下所示:
- mysql> select user, host from mysql.user where user='LimitIP';
- +---------+-----------+
- | user | host |
- +---------+-----------+
- | LimitIP | 192.168.% |
- +---------+-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> update mysql.user set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP';
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> flush privileges;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> select user, host from user where user='LimitIP';
- ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
- mysql> use mysql;
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Database changed
- mysql> select user, host from user where user='LimitIP';
- +---------+----------------+
- | user | host |
- +---------+----------------+
- | LimitIP | 192.168.103.17 |
- +---------+----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.103.17';
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.17 |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
上面测试发现,如果这样只修改mysql.user表, 那么之前的权限没有了,如下所示,如果你查询mysql.db、 mysql.tables_priv 发现Host的字段值依然为192.168.%
- mysql> select * from mysql.db where user='LimitIP'\G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Host: 192.168.%
- Db: MyDB
- User: LimitIP
- Select_priv: Y
- Insert_priv: N
- Update_priv: N
- Delete_priv: N
- Create_priv: N
- Drop_priv: N
- Grant_priv: N
- References_priv: N
- Index_priv: N
- Alter_priv: N
- Create_tmp_table_priv: N
- Lock_tables_priv: N
- Create_view_priv: N
- Show_view_priv: N
- Create_routine_priv: N
- Alter_routine_priv: N
- Execute_priv: N
- Event_priv: N
- Trigger_priv: N
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified
- mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv where user='LimitIP'\G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Host: 192.168.%
- Db: MyDB
- User: LimitIP
- Table_name: kkk
- Grantor: root@localhost
- Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
- Table_priv: Insert,Update,Delete
- Column_priv:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified
所以我继续修改 mysql.db、 mysql.tables_priv 表,然后测试验证终于OK了(请见下面测试步骤),当然如果账户的权限不止这几个层面,你可能还必须修改例如mysql.columns_priv、mysql.procs_priv等表
- mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.%';
- ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user 'LimitIP' on host '192.168.%'
- mysql>
- mysql>
- mysql> update mysql.db set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP';
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> update mysql.tables_priv set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP';
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> flush privileges;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.103.17';
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.17 |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
- | GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' |
- | GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
如果需要修改用户的IP限制,其实更新mysql相关权限表不是上上策,其实有更好的方法,那就是RENAME USER Syntax
- mysql> RENAME USER 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show grants for 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18';
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.18 |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' |
- | GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' |
- | GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>