https://harmonyos.51cto.com/#zz
在微信小程序中,若需要向远程服务器请求数据,使用wx.request接口即可。
那么在鸿蒙js开发中,请求远程服务器需要如下几步:
1、在config.json配置网络权限和信任域名。
网络权限的配置是在module.reqPermissions中,配置以下三个权限。工具有提示,还是比较友好的。
- "module": {
- "reqPermissions": [
- {
- "name": "ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO"
- },
- {
- "name": "ohos.permission.SET_NETWORK_INFO"
- },
- {
- "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
- }
- ],
- ......
信任域名的配置是在deviceConfig中,默认是一个空对象,需配置成如下形式。
- "deviceConfig": {
- "default": {
- "network": {
- "usesCleartext": true,
- "securityConfig": {
- "domainSettings": {
- "cleartextPermitted": true,
- "domains": [
- {
- "subdomains": true,
- "name": "apis.juhe.cn"
- },
- {
- "subdomains": true,
- "name": "api.seniverse.com"
- },
- {
- "subdomains": true,
- "name": "v.juhe.cn"
- },
- {
- "subdomains": true,
- "name": "api.tianapi.com"
- }
- ]
- }
- }
- }
- }
- },
在domains数组中,subdomains为是否信任下级域名,name为域名,无需填写协议。如果请求的服务器域名未配置,是无法请求成功的,且工具不会报错。这里一定记得配置服务器域名。
2、在js文件中引入fetch模块。
鸿蒙js请求远程服务器的模块为fetch,在js文件的最上方需引入该模块。
- import fetch from '@system.fetch';
这里也是有提示的。
3、调用fetch.fetch发送请求。
来看一下fetch模块的封装,请求的参数,响应的类型,回调函数都可在对象中定义,和wx.request()基本一致。
- export default class Fetch {
- /**
- * Obtains data through the network.
- * @param options
- */
- static fetch(options: {
- /**
- * Resource URL.
- */
- url: string;
- /**
- * Request parameter, which can be of the string type or a JSON object.
- */
- data?: string | object;
- /**
- * Request header, which accommodates all attributes of the request.
- */
- header?: Object;
- /**
- * Request methods available: OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE and TRACE. The default value is GET.
- */
- method?: string;
- /**
- * The return type can be text, or JSON. By default, the return type is determined based on Content-Type in the header returned by the server.
- */
- responseType?: string;
- /**
- * Called when the network data is obtained successfully.
- */
- success?: (data: IFetch) => void;
- /**
- * Called when the network data fails to be obtained.
- */
- fail?: (data: any, code: number) => void;
- /**
- * Called when the execution is completed.
- */
- complete?: () => void;
- }): void;
- }
比如我在页面初始化执行的方法onInit()中请求聚合数据的天气预报接口,就可以这样写:
- onInit() {
- // 加载天气预报
- fetch.fetch({
- url: 'http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query?city=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&key=xxxxxxxxx',
- responseType: 'json',
- success: res => {
- ......
- }
- });
- }
4、处理返回数据需调用JSON.parse()。
鸿蒙js开发目前调试功能尚不方便,虽有console.log(), console.info()等方法用于打印日志,但实际运行时并未找到日志的打印。所以我只能在视图中划出一小块区域用于调试。
这里看到虽然responseType已设置为json,但用' . '取其中属性时仍会红线报错,且页面中可以看出并未取到值,可以猜测此时的res.data仍为string类型,需调用JSON.parse()将其转为json类型,随后问题解决。
- onInit() {
- // 加载天气预报
- fetch.fetch({
- url: 'http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query?city=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&key=e4b4e30c713b6e2a24f4a851258c8457',
- responseType: 'json',
- success: res => {
- console.info(JSON.stringify(res.data)); //并未打印日志
- let data = JSON.parse(res.data); //必须要加上
- this.nowWeather = data.result.realtime;
- let dailyWeather = data.result.future;
- for(let i in dailyWeather) {
- dailyWeather[i].date = dailyWeather[i].date.substr(5, 5);
- }
- this.dailyWeather = dailyWeather;
- }
- });
附上天气预报这一部分的代码:
- <!-- 天气 -->
- <div class="weather">
- <div class="now" if="{{ nowWeather }}">
- <text class="nowPhe">
- {{ nowWeather.info }}
- </text>
- <text>
- {{ nowWeather.temperature }}˚C
- </text>
- <div class="nowOther">
- <text>
- 风力风向: {{ nowWeather.direct }} {{ nowWeather.power }}
- </text>
- <text>
- 空气质量: {{ nowWeather.aqi }}
- </text>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="daily" if="{{ dailyWeather }}">
- <block for="{{ dailyWeather }}">
- <div class="dailyItem">
- <text>
- {{ $item.date }}
- </text>
- <text>
- {{ $item.weather }}
- </text>
- <text>
- {{ $item.temperature }}
- </text>
- </div>
- </block>
- </div>
- </div>
- <!-- 天气end -->
- /*天气*/
- .weather {
- background-image: url('./common/weatherbg.jpg');
- background-size: contain;
- }
- .weather text {
- color: #fdfdfd;
- }
- .now {
- width: 100%;
- height: 260px;
- margin-top: 30px;
- display: flex;
- align-items: center;
- justify-content: space-around;
- }
- .now>text {
- font-size: 60px;
- }
- .nowPhe {
- margin-left: 20px;
- }
- .nowOther {
- margin-right: 20px;
- display: flex;
- flex-direction: column;
- height: 220px;
- justify-content: space-around;
- }
- .daily{
- margin-top: 30px;
- display: flex;
- flex-direction: column;
- }
- .dailyItem{
- margin: 0 30px 0 30px;
- height: 120px;
- border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;
- display: flex;
- justify-content: space-between;
- align-items: center;
- }
https://harmonyos.51cto.com/#zz