前言
WebSocket 使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API 中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输。
Netty框架的优势
1.API使用简单,开发门槛低;
2.功能强大,预置了多种编解码功能,支持多种主流协议;
3.定制能力强,可以通过ChannelHandler对通信框架进行灵活地扩展;
4.性能高,通过与其他业界主流的NIO框架对比,Netty的综合性能最优;
5.成熟、稳定,Netty修复了已经发现的所有JDK NIO BUG,业务开发人员不需要再为NIO的BUG而烦恼
提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考
一、引入netty依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
- <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
- <version>4.1.48.Final</version>
- </dependency>
二、使用步骤
1.引入基础配置类
- package com.test.netty;
- public enum Cmd {
- START("000", "連接成功"),
- WMESSAGE("001", "消息提醒"),
- ;
- private String cmd;
- private String desc;
- Cmd(String cmd, String desc) {
- this.cmd = cmd;
- this.desc = desc;
- }
- public String getCmd() {
- return cmd;
- }
- public String getDesc() {
- return desc;
- }
- }
2.netty服务启动监听器
- package com.test.netty;
- import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
- import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
- import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- /**
- * @author test
- * <p>
- * 服務啟動監聽器
- **/
- @Slf4j
- @Component
- public class NettyServer {
- @Value("${server.netty.port}")
- private int port;
- @Autowired
- private ServerChannelInitializer serverChannelInitializer;
- @Bean
- ApplicationRunner nettyRunner() {
- return args -> {
- //new 一個主線程組
- EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
- //new 一個工作線程組
- EventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap()
- .group(bossGroup, workGroup)
- .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
- .childHandler(serverChannelInitializer)
- //設置隊列大小
- .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
- // 兩小時內沒有數據的通信時,TCP會自動發送一個活動探測數據報文
- .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
- //綁定端口,開始接收進來的連接
- try {
- ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
- log.info("服務器啟動開始監聽端口: {}", port);
- future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- //關閉主線程組
- bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- //關閉工作線程組
- workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- };
- }
- }
3.netty服务端处理器
- package com.test.netty;
- import com.test.common.util.JsonUtil;
- import io.netty.channel.Channel;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
- import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
- import lombok.Data;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import java.net.URLDecoder;
- import java.util.*;
- /**
- * @author test
- * <p>
- * netty服務端處理器
- **/
- @Slf4j
- @Component
- @ChannelHandler.Sharable
- public class NettyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
- @Autowired
- private ServerChannelCache cache;
- private static final String dataKey = "test=";
- @Data
- public static class ChannelCache {
- }
- /**
- * 客戶端連接會觸發
- */
- @Override
- public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- Channel channel = ctx.channel();
- log.info("通道連接已打開,ID->{}......", channel.id().asLongText());
- }
- @Override
- public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
- if (evt instanceof WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete) {
- Channel channel = ctx.channel();
- WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete handshakeComplete = (WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete) evt;
- String requestUri = handshakeComplete.requestUri();
- requestUri = URLDecoder.decode(requestUri, "UTF-8");
- log.info("HANDSHAKE_COMPLETE,ID->{},URI->{}", channel.id().asLongText(), requestUri);
- String socketKey = requestUri.substring(requestUri.lastIndexOf(dataKey) + dataKey.length());
- if (socketKey.length() > 0) {
- cache.add(socketKey, channel);
- this.send(channel, Cmd.DOWN_START, null);
- } else {
- channel.disconnect();
- ctx.close();
- }
- }
- super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
- }
- @Override
- public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- Channel channel = ctx.channel();
- log.info("通道連接已斷開,ID->{},用戶ID->{}......", channel.id().asLongText(), cache.getCacheId(channel));
- cache.remove(channel);
- }
- /**
- * 發生異常觸發
- */
- @Override
- public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
- Channel channel = ctx.channel();
- log.error("連接出現異常,ID->{},用戶ID->{},異常->{}......", channel.id().asLongText(), cache.getCacheId(channel), cause.getMessage(), cause);
- cache.remove(channel);
- ctx.close();
- }
- /**
- * 客戶端發消息會觸發
- */
- @Override
- protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
- try {
- // log.info("接收到客戶端發送的消息:{}", msg.text());
- ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(JsonUtil.toString(Collections.singletonMap("cmd", "100"))));
- } catch (Exception e) {
- log.error("消息處理異常:{}", e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- }
- public void send(Cmd cmd, String id, Object obj) {
- HashMap<String, Channel> channels = cache.get(id);
- if (channels == null) {
- return;
- }
- Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<>();
- data.put("cmd", cmd.getCmd());
- data.put("data", obj);
- String msg = JsonUtil.toString(data);
- log.info("服務器下發消息: {}", msg);
- channels.values().forEach(channel -> {
- channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
- });
- }
- public void send(Channel channel, Cmd cmd, Object obj) {
- Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<>();
- data.put("cmd", cmd.getCmd());
- data.put("data", obj);
- String msg = JsonUtil.toString(data);
- log.info("服務器下發消息: {}", msg);
- channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
- }
- }
4.netty服务端缓存类
- package com.test.netty;
- import io.netty.channel.Channel;
- import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
- @Component
- public class ServerChannelCache {
- private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, HashMap<String, Channel>> CACHE_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
- private static final AttributeKey<String> CHANNEL_ATTR_KEY = AttributeKey.valueOf("test");
- public String getCacheId(Channel channel) {
- return channel.attr(CHANNEL_ATTR_KEY).get();
- }
- public void add(String cacheId, Channel channel) {
- channel.attr(CHANNEL_ATTR_KEY).set(cacheId);
- HashMap<String, Channel> hashMap = CACHE_MAP.get(cacheId);
- if (hashMap == null) {
- hashMap = new HashMap<>();
- }
- hashMap.put(channel.id().asShortText(), channel);
- CACHE_MAP.put(cacheId, hashMap);
- }
- public HashMap<String, Channel> get(String cacheId) {
- if (cacheId == null) {
- return null;
- }
- return CACHE_MAP.get(cacheId);
- }
- public void remove(Channel channel) {
- String cacheId = getCacheId(channel);
- if (cacheId == null) {
- return;
- }
- HashMap<String, Channel> hashMap = CACHE_MAP.get(cacheId);
- if (hashMap == null) {
- hashMap = new HashMap<>();
- }
- hashMap.remove(channel.id().asShortText());
- CACHE_MAP.put(cacheId, hashMap);
- }
- }
5.netty服务初始化器
- package com.test.netty;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
- import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- /**
- * @author test
- * <p>
- * netty服務初始化器
- **/
- @Component
- public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
- @Autowired
- private NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler;
- @Override
- protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
- ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
- pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
- pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
- pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
- pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/test.io", true, 5000));
- pipeline.addLast(nettyServerHandler);
- }
- }
6.html测试
- <!DOCTYPE HTML>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset="utf-8">
- <title>test</title>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- function WebSocketTest()
- {
- if ("WebSocket" in window)
- {
- alert("您的瀏覽器支持 WebSocket!");
- // 打開一個 web socket
- var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:port/test.io");
- ws.onopen = function()
- {
- // Web Socket 已連接上,使用 send() 方法發送數據
- ws.send("發送數據");
- alert("數據發送中...");
- };
- ws.onmessage = function (evt)
- {
- var received_msg = evt.data;
- alert("數據已接收...");
- };
- ws.onclose = function()
- {
- // 關閉 websocket
- alert("連接已關閉...");
- };
- }
- else
- {
- // 瀏覽器不支持 WebSocket
- alert("您的瀏覽器不支持 WebSocket!");
- }
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <div id="sse">
- <a href="javascript:WebSocketTest()" rel="external nofollow" >運行 WebSocket</a>
- </div>
- </body>
- </html>
7.vue测试
- mounted() {
- this.initWebsocket();
- },
- methods: {
- initWebsocket() {
- let websocket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:port/test.io?test=123456');
- websocket.onmessage = (event) => {
- let msg = JSON.parse(event.data);
- switch (msg.cmd) {
- case "000":
- this.$message({
- type: 'success',
- message: "建立實時連接成功!",
- duration: 1000
- })
- setInterval(()=>{websocket.send("heartbeat")},60*1000);
- break;
- case "001":
- this.$message.warning("收到一條新的信息,請及時查看!")
- break;
- }
- }
- websocket.onclose = () => {
- setTimeout(()=>{
- this.initWebsocket();
- },30*1000);
- }
- websocket.onerror = () => {
- setTimeout(()=>{
- this.initWebsocket();
- },30*1000);
- }
- },
- },
- ![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210107160420568.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d1X3Fpbmdfc29uZw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)
8.服务器下发消息
- @Autowired
- private NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler;
- nettyServerHandler.send(CmdWeb.WMESSAGE, id, message);
到此这篇关于Springboot+Netty+Websocket实现消息推送实例的文章就介绍到这了希望大家以后多多支持麦叔!