在使用Python的过程中，我最喜欢的就是Python的各种第三方库，能够完成很多操作。
下面就给大家介绍22个通过Python构建的项目，以此来学习Python编程。
大家也可根据项目的目的及提示，自己构建解决方法，提高编程水平。
① 骰子模拟器
目的：创建一个程序来模拟掷骰子。
提示：当用户询问时，使用random模块生成一个1到6之间的数字。
② 石头剪刀布游戏
目标：创建一个命令行游戏，游戏者可以在石头、剪刀和布之间进行选择，与计算机PK。如果游戏者赢了，得分就会添加，直到结束游戏时，最终的分数会展示给游戏者。
提示：接收游戏者的选择，并且与计算机的选择进行比较。计算机的选择是从选择列表中随机选取的。如果游戏者获胜，则增加1分。
- import random
- choices = ["Rock", "Paper", "Scissors"]
- computer = random.choice(choices)
- player = False
- cpu_score = 0
- player_score = 0
- while True:
- player = input("Rock, Paper or Scissors?").capitalize()
- # 判断游戏者和电脑的选择
- if player == computer:
- print("Tie!")
- elif player == "Rock":
- if computer == "Paper":
- print("You lose!", computer, "covers", player)
- cpu_score+=1
- else:
- print("You win!", player, "smashes", computer)
- player_score+=1
- elif player == "Paper":
- if computer == "Scissors":
- print("You lose!", computer, "cut", player)
- cpu_score+=1
- else:
- print("You win!", player, "covers", computer)
- player_score+=1
- elif player == "Scissors":
- if computer == "Rock":
- print("You lose...", computer, "smashes", player)
- cpu_score+=1
- else:
- print("You win!", player, "cut", computer)
- player_score+=1
- elif player=='E':
- print("Final Scores:")
- print(f"CPU:{cpu_score}")
- print(f"Plaer:{player_score}")
- break
- else:
- print("That's not a valid play. Check your spelling!")
- computer = random.choice(choices)
③ 随机密码生成器
目标：创建一个程序，可指定密码长度，生成一串随机密码。
提示：创建一个数字+大写字母+小写字母+特殊字符的字符串。根据设定的密码长度随机生成一串密码。
④ 句子生成器
目的：通过用户提供的输入，来生成随机且唯一的句子。
提示：以用户输入的名词、代词、形容词等作为输入，然后将所有数据添加到句子中，并将其组合返回。
⑤ 猜数字游戏
目的：在这个游戏中，任务是创建一个脚本，能够在一个范围内生成一个随机数。如果用户在三次机会中猜对了数字，那么用户赢得游戏，否则用户输。
提示：生成一个随机数，然后使用循环给用户三次猜测机会，根据用户的猜测打印最终的结果。
⑥ 故事生成器
目的：每次用户运行程序时，都会生成一个随机的故事。
提示：random模块可以用来选择故事的随机部分，内容来自每个列表里。
⑦ 邮件地址切片器
目的：编写一个Python脚本，可以从邮件地址中获取用户名和域名。
提示：使用@作为分隔符，将地址分为分为两个字符串。
⑧ 自动发送邮件
目的：编写一个Python脚本，可以使用这个脚本发送电子邮件。
提示：email库可用于发送电子邮件。
- import smtplib
- from email.message import EmailMessage
- email = EmailMessage() ## Creating a object for EmailMessage
- email['from'] = 'xyz name' ## Person who is sending
- email['to'] = 'xyz id' ## Whom we are sending
- email['subject'] = 'xyz subject' ## Subject of email
- email.set_content("Xyz content of email") ## content of email
- with smtlib.SMTP(host='smtp.gmail.com',port=587)as smtp:
- ## sending request to server
- smtp.ehlo() ## server object
- smtp.starttls() ## used to send data between server and client
- smtp.login("email_id","Password") ## login id and password of gmail
- smtp.send_message(email) ## Sending email
- print("email send") ## Printing success message
⑨ 缩写词
目的：编写一个Python脚本，从给定的句子生成一个缩写词。
提示：你可以通过拆分和索引来获取第一个单词，然后将其组合。
⑩ 文字冒险游戏
目的：编写一个有趣的Python脚本，通过为路径选择不同的选项让用户进行有趣的冒险。
⑪ Hangman
目的：创建一个简单的命令行hangman游戏。
提示：创建一个密码词的列表并随机选择一个单词。现在将每个单词用下划线“_”表示，给用户提供猜单词的机会，如果用户猜对了单词，则将“_”用单词替换。
- import time
- import random
- name = input("What is your name? ")
- print ("Hello, " + name, "Time to play hangman!")
- time.sleep(1)
- print ("Start guessing...\n")
- time.sleep(0.5)
- ## A List Of Secret Words
- words = ['python','programming','treasure','creative','medium','horror']
- word = random.choice(words)
- guesses = ''
- turns = 5
- while turns > 0:
- failed = 0
- for char in word:
- if char in guesses:
- print (char,end="")
- else:
- print ("_",end=""),
- failed += 1
- if failed == 0:
- print ("\nYou won")
- break
- guess = input("\nguess a character:")
- guesses += guess
- if guess not in word:
- turns -= 1
- print("\nWrong")
- print("\nYou have", + turns, 'more guesses')
- if turns == 0:
- print ("\nYou Lose")
⑫ 闹钟
目的：编写一个创建闹钟的Python脚本。
提示：你可以使用date-time模块创建闹钟，以及playsound库播放声音。
- from datetime import datetime
- from playsound import playsound
- alarm_time = input("Enter the time of alarm to be set:HH:MM:SS\n")
- alarm_hour=alarm_time[0:2]
- alarm_minute=alarm_time[3:5]
- alarm_seconds=alarm_time[6:8]
- alarm_period = alarm_time[9:11].upper()
- print("Setting up alarm..")
- while True:
- now = datetime.now()
- current_hour = now.strftime("%I")
- current_minute = now.strftime("%M")
- current_seconds = now.strftime("%S")
- current_period = now.strftime("%p")
- if(alarm_period==current_period):
- if(alarm_hour==current_hour):
- if(alarm_minute==current_minute):
- if(alarm_seconds==current_seconds):
- print("Wake Up!")
- playsound('audio.mp3') ## download the alarm sound from link
- break
⑬ 有声读物
目的：编写一个Python脚本，用于将Pdf文件转换为有声读物。
提示：借助pyttsx3库将文本转换为语音。
安装：pyttsx3，PyPDF2
⑭ 天气应用
目的：编写一个Python脚本，接收城市名称并使用爬虫获取该城市的天气信息。
提示：你可以使用Beautifulsoup和requests库直接从谷歌主页爬取数据。
安装：requests，BeautifulSoup
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- import requests
- headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
- def weather(city):
- citycity=city.replace(" ","+")
- res = requests.get(f'https://www.google.com/search?q={city}&oq={city}&aqs=chrome.0.35i39l2j0l4j46j69i60.6128j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8',headersheaders=headers)
- print("Searching in google......\n")
- soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
- location = soup.select('#wob_loc')[0].getText().strip()
- time = soup.select('#wob_dts')[0].getText().strip()
- info = soup.select('#wob_dc')[0].getText().strip()
- weather = soup.select('#wob_tm')[0].getText().strip()
- print(location)
- print(time)
- print(info)
- print(weather+"°C")
- print("enter the city name")
- city=input()
- citycity=city+" weather"
- weather(city)
⑮ 人脸检测
目的：编写一个Python脚本，可以检测图像中的人脸，并将所有的人脸保存在一个文件夹中。
提示：可以使用haar级联分类器对人脸进行检测。它返回的人脸坐标信息，可以保存在一个文件中。
安装：OpenCV。
下载：haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml
- import cv2
- # Load the cascade
- face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
- # Read the input image
- img = cv2.imread('images/img0.jpg')
- # Convert into grayscale
- gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
- # Detect faces
- faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 4)
- # Draw rectangle around the faces
- for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
- cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
- crop_face = img[y:y + h, x:x + w]
- cv2.imwrite(str(w) + str(h) + '_faces.jpg', crop_face)
- # Display the output
- cv2.imshow('img', img)
- cv2.imshow("imgcropped",crop_face)
- cv2.waitKey()
⑯ 提醒应用
目的：创建一个提醒应用程序，在特定的时间提醒你做一些事情(桌面通知)。
提示：Time模块可以用来跟踪提醒时间，toastnotifier库可以用来显示桌面通知。
安装：win10toast
- from win10toast import ToastNotifier
- import time
- toaster = ToastNotifier()
- try:
- print("Title of reminder")
- header = input()
- print("Message of reminder")
- text = input()
- print("In how many minutes?")
- time_min = input()
- time_min=float(time_min)
- except:
- header = input("Title of reminder\n")
- text = input("Message of remindar\n")
- time_min=float(input("In how many minutes?\n"))
- time_mintime_min = time_min * 60
- print("Setting up reminder..")
- time.sleep(2)
- print("all set!")
- time.sleep(time_min)
- toaster.show_toast(f"{header}",
- f"{text}",
- duration=10,
- threaded=True)
- while toaster.notification_active(): time.sleep(0.005)
⑰ 维基百科文章摘要
目的：使用一种简单的方法从用户提供的文章链接中生成摘要。
提示：你可以使用爬虫获取文章数据，通过提取生成摘要。
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- import re
- import requests
- import heapq
- from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize,word_tokenize
- from nltk.corpus import stopwords
- url = str(input("Paste the url"\n"))
- num = int(input("Enter the Number of Sentence you want in the summary"))
- num = int(num)
- headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
- #url = str(input("Paste the url......."))
- res = requests.get(url,headersheaders=headers)
- summary = ""
- soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
- content = soup.findAll("p")
- for text in content:
- summary +=text.text
- def clean(text):
- text = re.sub(r"\[[0-9]*\]"," ",text)
- texttext = text.lower()
- text = re.sub(r'\s+'," ",text)
- text = re.sub(r","," ",text)
- return text
- summary = clean(summary)
- print("Getting the data......\n")
- ##Tokenixing
- sent_tokens = sent_tokenize(summary)
- summary = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-z]"," ",summary)
- word_tokens = word_tokenize(summary)
- ## Removing Stop words
- word_frequency = {}
- stopwords = set(stopwords.words("english"))
- for word in word_tokens:
- if word not in stopwords:
- if word not in word_frequency.keys():
- word_frequency[word]=1
- else:
- word_frequency[word] +=1
- maxmaximum_frequency = max(word_frequency.values())
- print(maximum_frequency)
- for word in word_frequency.keys():
- word_frequency[word] = (word_frequency[word]/maximum_frequency)
- print(word_frequency)
- sentences_score = {}
- for sentence in sent_tokens:
- for word in word_tokenize(sentence):
- if word in word_frequency.keys():
- if (len(sentence.split(" "))) <30:
- if sentence not in sentences_score.keys():
- sentences_score[sentence] = word_frequency[word]
- else:
- sentences_score[sentence] += word_frequency[word]
- print(max(sentences_score.values()))
- def get_key(val):
- for key, value in sentences_score.items():
- if val == value:
- return key
- key = get_key(max(sentences_score.values()))
- print(key+"\n")
- print(sentences_score)
- summary = heapq.nlargest(num,sentences_score,key=sentences_score.get)
- print(" ".join(summary))
- summary = " ".join(summary)
⑱ 获取谷歌搜索结果
目的：创建一个脚本，可以根据查询条件从谷歌搜索获取数据。
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- import requests
- headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
- def google(query):
- queryquery = query.replace(" ","+")
- try:
- url = f'https://www.google.com/search?q={query}&oq={query}&aqs=chrome..69i57j46j69i59j35i39j0j46j0l2.4948j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8'
- res = requests.get(url,headersheaders=headers)
- soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
- except:
- print("Make sure you have a internet connection")
- try:
- try:
- ans = soup.select('.RqBzHd')[0].getText().strip()
- except:
- try:
- title=soup.select('.AZCkJd')[0].getText().strip()
- try:
- ans=soup.select('.e24Kjd')[0].getText().strip()
- except:
- ans=""
- ans=f'{title}\n{ans}'
- except:
- try:
- ans=soup.select('.hgKElc')[0].getText().strip()
- except:
- ans=soup.select('.kno-rdesc span')[0].getText().strip()
- except:
- ans = "can't find on google"
- return ans
- result = google(str(input("Query\n")))
- print(result)
获取结果如下。
⑲ 货币换算器
目的：编写一个Python脚本，可以将一种货币转换为其他用户选择的货币。
提示：使用Python中的API，或者通过forex-python模块来获取实时的货币汇率。
安装：forex-python
⑳ 键盘记录器
目的：编写一个Python脚本，将用户按下的所有键保存在一个文本文件中。
提示：pynput是Python中的一个库，用于控制键盘和鼠标的移动，它也可以用于制作键盘记录器。简单地读取用户按下的键，并在一定数量的键后将它们保存在一个文本文件中。
- from pynput.keyboard import Key, Controller,Listener
- import time
- keyboard = Controller()
- keys=[]
- def on_press(key):
- global keys
- #keys.append(str(key).replace("'",""))
- strstring = str(key).replace("'","")
- keys.append(string)
- main_string = "".join(keys)
- print(main_string)
- if len(main_string)>15:
- with open('keys.txt', 'a') as f:
- f.write(main_string)
- keys= []
- def on_release(key):
- if key == Key.esc:
- return False
- with listener(on_presson_press=on_press,on_releaseon_release=on_release) as listener:
- listener.join()
文章朗读器
目的：编写一个Python脚本，自动从提供的链接读取文章。
- import pyttsx3
- import requests
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- url = str(input("Paste article url\n"))
- def content(url):
- res = requests.get(url)
- soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
- articles = []
- for i in range(len(soup.select('.p'))):
- article = soup.select('.p')[i].getText().strip()
- articles.append(article)
- contents = " ".join(articles)
- return contents
- engine = pyttsx3.init('sapi5')
- voices = engine.getProperty('voices')
- engine.setProperty('voice', voices[0].id)
- def speak(audio):
- engine.say(audio)
- engine.runAndWait()
- contentcontents = content(url)
- ## print(contents) ## In case you want to see the content
- #engine.save_to_file
- #engine.runAndWait() ## In case if you want to save the article as a audio file
短网址生成器
目的：编写一个Python脚本，使用API缩短给定的URL。
- from __future__ import with_statement
- import contextlib
- try:
- from urllib.parse import urlencode
- except ImportError:
- from urllib import urlencode
- try:
- from urllib.request import urlopen
- except ImportError:
- from urllib2 import urlopen
- import sys
- def make_tiny(url):
- request_url = ('http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?' +
- urlencode({'url':url}))
- with contextlib.closing(urlopen(request_url)) as response:
- return response.read().decode('utf-8')
- def main():
- for tinyurl in map(make_tiny, sys.argv[1:]):
- print(tinyurl)
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main()
- -----------------------------OUTPUT------------------------
- python url_shortener.py https://www.wikipedia.org/
- https://tinyurl.com/buf3qt3
以上就是今天分享的内容，针对上面这些项目，有的可以适当调整。
比如自动发送邮件，可以选择使用自己的QQ邮箱。
天气信息也可使用国内一些免费的API，维基百科可以对应百度百科，谷歌搜索可以对应百度搜索等等。
这些都是大伙可以思考的～
