Spring框架已是JAVA项目的标配,其中Spring事务管理也是最常用的一个功能,但如果不了解其实现原理,使用姿势不对,一不小心就可能掉坑里。
为了更透彻的说明这些坑,本文分四部分展开阐述:第一部分简单介绍下Spring事务集成的几种方式;第二部分结合Spring源代码说明Spring事务的实现原理;第三部分通过实际测试代码介绍关于Spring事务的坑;第四部分是对本文的总结。
一、Spring事务管理的几种方式:
Spring事务在具体使用方式上可分为两大类:
1. 声明式
- 基于 TransactionProxyFactoryBean的声明式事务管理
- 基于 <tx> 和 <aop> 命名空间的事务管理
- 基于 @Transactional 的声明式事务管理
2. 编程式
- 基于事务管理器API 的编程式事务管理
- 基于TransactionTemplate 的编程式事务管理
目前大部分项目使用的是声明式的后两种:
- 基于 <tx> 和 <aop> 命名空间的声明式事务管理可以充分利用切点表达式的强大支持,使得管理事务更加灵活。
- 基于 @Transactional 的方式需要实施事务管理的方法或者类上使用 @Transactional 指定事务规则即可实现事务管理,在Spring Boot中通常也建议使用这种注解方式来标记事务。
二、Spring事务实现机制
接下来我们详细看下Spring事务的源代码,进而了解其工作原理。我们从<tx>标签的解析类开始:
- @Override
- public void init() {
- registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser());
- registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());
- registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());
- }
- }
- class TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser {
- @Override
- protected Class<?> getBeanClass(Element element) {
- return TransactionInterceptor.class;
- }
- }
由此可看到Spring事务的核心实现类TransactionInterceptor及其父类TransactionAspectSupport,其实现了事务的开启、数据库操作、事务提交、回滚等。我们平时在开发时如果想确定是否在事务中,也可以在该方法进行断点调试。
TransactionInterceptor:
- public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
- Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);
- // Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
- return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, new InvocationCallback() {
- @Override
- public Object proceedWithInvocation() throws Throwable {
- return invocation.proceed();
- }
- });
- }
TransactionAspectSupport
- protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, Class<?> targetClass, final InvocationCallback invocation)
- throws Throwable {
- // If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
- final TransactionAttribute txAttr = getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
- final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
- final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);
- if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
- // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
- TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
- Object retVal = null;
- try {
- // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
- // This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
- retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
- }
- catch (Throwable ex) {
- // target invocation exception
- completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
- throw ex;
- }
- finally {
- cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
- }
- commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
- return retVal;
- }
- }
至此我们了解事务的整个调用流程,但还有一个重要的机制没分析到,那就是Spring 事务针对不同的传播级别控制当前获取的数据库连接。接下来我们看下Spring获取连接的工具类DataSourceUtils,JdbcTemplate、Mybatis-Spring也都是通过该类获取Connection。
- public abstract class DataSourceUtils {
- …
- public static Connection getConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws CannotGetJdbcConnectionException {
- try {
- return doGetConnection(dataSource);
- }
- catch (SQLException ex) {
- throw new CannotGetJdbcConnectionException("Could not get JDBC Connection", ex);
- }
- }
- public static Connection doGetConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
- Assert.notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified");
- ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource);
- if (conHolder != null && (conHolder.hasConnection() || conHolder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction())) {
- conHolder.requested();
- if (!conHolder.hasConnection()) {
- logger.debug("Fetching resumed JDBC Connection from DataSource");
- conHolder.setConnection(dataSource.getConnection());
- }
- return conHolder.getConnection();
- }
- …
- }
TransactionSynchronizationManager也是一个事务同步管理的核心类,它实现了事务同步管理的职能,包括记录当前连接持有connection holder。
TransactionSynchronizationManager
- private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>> resources =
- new NamedThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>>("Transactional resources");
- …
- public static Object getResource(Object key) {
- Object actualKey = TransactionSynchronizationUtils.unwrapResourceIfNecessary(key);
- Object value = doGetResource(actualKey);
- if (value != null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
- logger.trace("Retrieved value [" + value + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] bound to thread [" +
- Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
- }
- return value;
- }
- /**
- * Actually check the value of the resource that is bound for the given key.
- */
- private static Object doGetResource(Object actualKey) {
- Map<Object, Object> map = resources.get();
- if (map == null) {
- return null;
- }
- Object value = map.get(actualKey);
- // Transparently remove ResourceHolder that was marked as void...
- if (value instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder) value).isVoid()) {
- map.remove(actualKey);
- // Remove entire ThreadLocal if empty...
- if (map.isEmpty()) {
- resources.remove();
- }
- value = null;
- }
- return value;
- }
在事务管理器类AbstractPlatformTransactionManager中,getTransaction获取事务时,会处理不同的事务传播行为,例如当前存在事务,但调用方法事务传播级别为REQUIRES_NEW、PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED时,对当前事务进行挂起、恢复等操作,以此保证了当前数据库操作获取正确的Connection。
具体是在子事务提交的最后会将挂起的事务恢复,恢复时重新调用TransactionSynchronizationManager. bindResource设置之前的connection holder,这样再获取的连接就是被恢复的数据库连接, TransactionSynchronizationManager当前激活的连接只能是一个。
AbstractPlatformTransactionManager
- private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
- TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
- throws TransactionException {
- if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
- if (debugEnabled) {
- logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
- definition.getName() + "]");
- }
- SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendsuspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
- try {
- boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
- DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
- definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
- doBegin(transaction, definition);
- prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
- return status;
- }
- catch (RuntimeException beginEx) {
- resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
- throw beginEx;
- }
- catch (Error beginErr) {
- resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginErr);
- throw beginErr;
- }
- }
- **
- * Clean up after completion, clearing synchronization if necessary,
- * and invoking doCleanupAfterCompletion.
- * @param status object representing the transaction
- * @see #doCleanupAfterCompletion
- */
- private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
- status.setCompleted();
- if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
- TransactionSynchronizationManager.clear();
- }
- if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
- doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
- }
- if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
- if (status.isDebug()) {
- logger.debug("Resuming suspended transaction after completion of inner transaction");
- }
- resume(status.getTransaction(), (SuspendedResourcesHolder) status.getSuspendedResources());
- }
- }
Spring的事务是通过AOP代理类中的一个Advice(TransactionInterceptor)进行生效的,而传播级别定义了事务与子事务获取连接、事务提交、回滚的具体方式。
AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming),即面向切面编程。Spring AOP技术实现上其实就是代理类,具体可分为静态代理和动态代理两大类,其中静态代理是指使用 AOP 框架提供的命令进行编译,从而在编译阶段就可生成 AOP 代理类,因此也称为编译时增强;(AspectJ);而动态代理则在运行时借助于 默写类库在内存中“临时”生成 AOP 动态代理类,因此也被称为运行时增强。其中java是使用的动态代理模式 (JDK+CGLIB)。
JDK动态代理 JDK动态代理主要涉及到java.lang.reflect包中的两个类:Proxy和InvocationHandler。InvocationHandler是一个接口,通过实现该接口定义横切逻辑,并通过反射机制调用目标类的代码,动态将横切逻辑和业务逻辑编制在一起。Proxy利用InvocationHandler动态创建一个符合某一接口的实例,生成目标类的代理对象。
CGLIB动态代理 CGLIB全称为Code Generation Library,是一个强大的高性能,高质量的代码生成类库,可以在运行期扩展Java类与实现Java接口,CGLIB封装了asm,可以再运行期动态生成新的class。和JDK动态代理相比较:JDK创建代理有一个限制,就是只能为接口创建代理实例,而对于没有通过接口定义业务方法的类,则可以通过CGLIB创建动态代理。
CGLIB 创建代理的速度比较慢,但创建代理后运行的速度却非常快,而 JDK 动态代理正好相反。如果在运行的时候不断地用 CGLIB 去创建代理,系统的性能会大打折扣。因此如果有接口,Spring默认使用JDK 动态代理,源代码如下:
- public class DefaultAopProxyFactory implements AopProxyFactory, Serializable {
- @Override
- public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
- if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) {
- Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
- if (targetClass == null) {
- throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +
- "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
- }
- if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
- return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
- }
- return new ObjenesisCGLIBAopProxy(config);
- }
- else {
- return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
- }
- }
- }
在了解Spring代理的两种特点后,我们也就知道在做事务切面配置时的一些注意事项,例如JDK代理时方法必须是public,CGLIB代理时必须是public、protected,且类不能是final的;在依赖注入时,如果属性类型定义为实现类,JDK代理时会报如下注入异常:
- org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.wwb.test.TxTestAop': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'service'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named 'stockService' is expected to be of type 'com.wwb.service.StockProcessServiceImpl' but was actually of type 'com.sun.proxy.$Proxy14'
但如果修改为CGLIB代理时则会成功注入,所以如果有接口,建议注入时该类属性都定义为接口。另外事务切点都配置在实现类和接口都可以生效,但建议加在实现类上。
官网关于Spring AOP的详细介绍:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html%23aop
三、Spring事务的那些坑
通过之前章节,相信您已经掌握了spring事务的使用方式与原理,不过还是要注意,因为一不小心就可能就掉坑。首先看第一个坑:
3.1 事务不生效
测试代码,事务AOP配置:
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <!-- 指定在连接点方法上应用的事务属性 -->
- <tx:method name="openAccount" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- <tx:method name="openStock" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- <tx:method name="openStockInAnotherDb" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/>
- <tx:method name="openTx" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- <tx:method name="openWithoutTx" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="NEVER"/>
- <tx:method name="openWithMultiTx" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- </tx:advice>
- public class StockProcessServiceImpl implements IStockProcessService{
- @Autowired
- private IAccountDao accountDao;
- @Autowired
- private IStockDao stockDao;
- @Override
- public void openAccount(String aname, double money) {
- accountDao.insertAccount(aname, money);
- }
- @Override
- public void openStock(String sname, int amount) {
- stockDao.insertStock(sname, amount);
- }
- @Override
- public void openStockInAnotherDb(String sname, int amount) {
- stockDao.insertStock(sname, amount);
- }
- }
- public void insertAccount(String aname, double money) {
- String sql = "insert into account(aname, balance) values(?,?)";
- this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, aname, money);
- DbUtils.printDBConnectionInfo("insertAccount",getDataSource());
- }
- public void insertStock(String sname, int amount) {
- String sql = "insert into stock(sname, count) values (?,?)";
- this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql , sname, amount);
- DbUtils.printDBConnectionInfo("insertStock",getDataSource());
- }
- public static void printDBConnectionInfo(String methodName,DataSource ds) {
- Connection connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(ds);
- System.out.println(methodName+" connection hashcode="+connection.hashCode());
- }
- //调用同类方法,外围配置事务
- public void openTx(String aname, double money) {
- openAccount(aname,money);
- openStock(aname,11);
- }
1.运行输出:
insertAccount connection hashcode=319558327
insertStock connection hashcode=319558327
- //调用同类方法,外围未配置事务
- public void openWithoutTx(String aname, double money) {
- openAccount(aname,money);
- openStock(aname,11);
- }
2.运行输出:
insertAccount connection hashcode=1333810223
insertStock connection hashcode=1623009085
- //通过AopContext.currentProxy()方法获取代理
- @Override
- public void openWithMultiTx(String aname, double money) {
- openAccount(aname,money);
- openStockInAnotherDb(aname, 11);//传播级别为REQUIRES_NEW
- }
3.运行输出:
insertAccount connection hashcode=303240439
insertStock connection hashcode=303240439
可以看到2、3测试方法跟我们事务预期并一样,结论:调用方法未配置事务、本类方法直接调用,事务都不生效!
究其原因,还是因为Spring的事务本质上是个代理类,而本类方法直接调用时其对象本身并不是织入事务的代理,所以事务切面并未生效。具体可以参见#Spring事务实现机制#章节。
Spring也提供了判断是否为代理的方法:
- public static void printProxyInfo(Object bean) {
- System.out.println("isAopProxy"+AopUtils.isAopProxy(bean));
- System.out.println("isCGLIBProxy="+AopUtils.isCGLIBProxy(bean));
- System.out.println("isJdkProxy="+AopUtils.isJdkDynamicProxy(bean));
- }
那如何修改为代理类调用呢?最直接的想法是注入自身,代码如下:
- @Autowired
- private IStockProcessService stockProcessService;
- //注入自身类,循环依赖,亲测可以
- public void openTx(String aname, double money) {
- stockProcessService.openAccount(aname,money);
- stockProcessService.openStockInAnotherDb (aname,11);
- }
当然Spring提供了获取当前代理的方法:代码如下:
- //通过AopContext.currentProxy()方法获取代理
- @Override
- public void openWithMultiTx(String aname, double money) {
- ((IStockProcessService)AopContext.currentProxy()).openAccount(aname,money);
- ((IStockProcessService)AopContext.currentProxy()).openStockInAnotherDb(aname, 11);
- }
另外Spring是通过TransactionSynchronizationManager类中线程变量来获取事务中数据库连接,所以如果是多线程调用或者绕过Spring获取数据库连接,都会导致Spring事务配置失效。
最后Spring事务配置失效的场景:
- 事务切面未配置正确
- 本类方法调用
- 多线程调用
- 绕开Spring获取数据库连接
接下来我们看下Spring的事务的另外一个坑:
3.2 事务不回滚
测试代码:
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <!-- 指定在连接点方法上应用的事务属性 -->
- <tx:method name="buyStock" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- public void buyStock(String aname, double money, String sname, int amount) throws StockException {
- boolean isBuy = true;
- accountDao.updateAccount(aname, money, isBuy);
- // 故意抛出异常
- if (true) {
- throw new StockException("购买股票异常");
- }
- stockDao.updateStock(sname, amount, isBuy);
- }
- @Test
- public void testBuyStock() {
- try {
- service.openAccount("dcbs", 10000);
- service.buyStock("dcbs", 2000, "dap", 5);
- } catch (StockException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- double accountBalance = service.queryAccountBalance("dcbs");
- System.out.println("account balance is " + accountBalance);
- }
输出结果:
insertAccount connection hashcode=656479172
updateAccount connection hashcode=517355658
account balance is 8000.0
应用抛出异常,但accountDao.updateAccount却进行了提交。究其原因,直接看Spring源代码:
TransactionAspectSupport
- protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
- if (txInfo != null && txInfo.hasTransaction()) {
- if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
- logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
- "] after exception: " + ex);
- }
- if (txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
- try {
- txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
- }
- catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
- logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
- ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
- throw ex2;
- }
- …
- }
- public class DefaultTransactionAttribute extends DefaultTransactionDefinition implements TransactionAttribute {
- @Override
- public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
- return (ex instanceof RuntimeException || ex instanceof Error);
- }
- …
- }
由代码可见,Spring事务默认只对RuntimeException和Error进行回滚,如果应用需要对指定的异常类进行回滚,可配置rollback-for=属性,例如:
- <!-- 注册事务通知 -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <!-- 指定在连接点方法上应用的事务属性 -->
- <tx:method name="buyStock" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="StockException"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
事务不回滚的原因:
- 事务配置切面未生效
- 应用方法中将异常捕获
- 抛出的异常不属于运行时异常(例如IOException),
- rollback-for属性配置不正确
接下来我们看下Spring事务的第三个坑:
3.3 事务超时不生效
测试代码:
- <!-- 注册事务通知 -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="openAccountForLongTime" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED" timeout="3"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- @Override
- public void openAccountForLongTime(String aname, double money) {
- accountDao.insertAccount(aname, money);
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000L);//在数据库操作之后超时
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @Test
- public void testTimeout() {
- service.openAccountForLongTime("dcbs", 10000);
- }
正常运行,事务超时未生效
- public void openAccountForLongTime(String aname, double money) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000L); //在数据库操作之前超时
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- accountDao.insertAccount(aname, money);
- }
抛出事务超时异常,超时生效
org.springframework.transaction.TransactionTimedOutException: Transaction timed out: deadline was Fri Nov 23 17:03:02 CST 2018
at org.springframework.transaction.support.ResourceHolderSupport.checkTransactionTimeout(ResourceHolderSupport.java:141)
…
通过源码看看Spring事务超时的判断机制:
ResourceHolderSupport
- /**
- * Return the time to live for this object in milliseconds.
- * @return number of millseconds until expiration
- * @throws TransactionTimedOutException if the deadline has already been reached
- */
- public long getTimeToLiveInMillis() throws TransactionTimedOutException{
- if (this.deadline == null) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("No timeout specified for this resource holder");
- }
- long timeToLive = this.deadline.getTime() - System.currentTimeMillis();
- checkTransactionTimeout(timeToLive <= 0);
- return timeToLive;
- }
- /**
- * Set the transaction rollback-only if the deadline has been reached,
- * and throw a TransactionTimedOutException.
- */
- private void checkTransactionTimeout(boolean deadlineReached) throws TransactionTimedOutException {
- if (deadlineReached) {
- setRollbackOnly();
- throw new TransactionTimedOutException("Transaction timed out: deadline was " + this.deadline);
- }
- }
通过查看getTimeToLiveInMillis方法的Call Hierarchy,可以看到被DataSourceUtils的applyTimeout所调用, 继续看applyTimeout的Call Hierarchy,可以看到有两处调用,一个是JdbcTemplate,一个是TransactionAwareInvocationHandler类,后者是只有TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy类调用,该类为DataSource的事务代理类,我们一般并不会用到。难道超时只能在这调用JdbcTemplate中生效?写代码亲测:
- <!-- 注册事务通知 -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="openAccountForLongTimeWithoutJdbcTemplate" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED" timeout="3"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- public void openAccountForLongTimeWithoutJdbcTemplate(String aname, double money) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- accountDao.queryAccountBalanceWithoutJdbcTemplate(aname);
- }
- public double queryAccountBalanceWithoutJdbcTemplate(String aname) {
- String sql = "select balance from account where aname = ?";
- PreparedStatement prepareStatement;
- try {
- prepareStatement = this.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
- prepareStatement.setString(1, aname);
- ResultSet executeQuery = prepareStatement.executeQuery();
- while(executeQuery.next()) {
- return executeQuery.getDouble(1);
- }
- } catch (CannotGetJdbcConnectionException | SQLException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return 0;
- }
运行正常,事务超时失效
由上可见:Spring事务超时判断在通过JdbcTemplate的数据库操作时,所以如果超时后未有JdbcTemplate方法调用,则无法准确判断超时。另外也可以得知,如果通过Mybatis等操作数据库,Spring的事务超时是无效的。鉴于此,Spring的事务超时谨慎使用。
四、 总结
JDBC规范中Connection 的setAutoCommit是原生控制手动事务的方法,但传播行为、异常回滚、连接管理等很多技术问题都需要开发者自己处理,而Spring事务通过AOP方式非常优雅的屏蔽了这些技术复杂度,使得事务管理变的异常简单。
但凡事有利弊,如果对实现机制理解不透彻,很容易掉坑里。最后总结下Spring事务的可能踩的坑:
1. Spring事务未生效
- 调用方法本身未正确配置事务
- 本类方法直接调用
- 数据库操作未通过Spring的DataSourceUtils获取Connection
- 多线程调用
2. Spring事务回滚失效
- 未准确配置rollback-for属性
- 异常类不属于RuntimeException与Error
- 应用捕获了异常未抛出
3. Spring事务超时不准确或失效
- 超时发生在最后一次JdbcTemplate操作之后
- 通过非JdbcTemplate操作数据库,例如Mybatis