前言
首先看一个Android界面的布局层次结构,最直观的看一下:
我们能清晰看到,这个界面分成了3部分:顶部状态栏(statusbar)、底部导航栏(navigationbar)、应用界面。
题外话:
查看布局的层次结构,工具或途径可以参考下面的。
- Android Studio:Tools->Layout Inspector->选择要查看的进程;
- SDK Tools:tools/hierarchyviewer.bat。 不过最新推荐用tools/monitor.bat代替单独的hierarchyviewer.bat;hierarchyviewer.bat在工程目录下也存在prebuilts/devtools/tools
该篇主要介绍Activity中窗口的创建过程 以及 添加到WMS的过程。
第二部分 综述总结 ,先将上述两个过程的内容做了比较简洁的总结。
第三部分 Activity窗口添加过程 ,跟踪源码详细 讲述了 Activity窗口的创建过程 以及 添加到WMS过程。
由于第三部分 跟踪源码,这个过程比较长,涉及比较多,相对枯燥。所以把总结先放到了第二部分。这样,如果了解过源码或这个过程的,可以只看第二部分。没了解过的,也可以通过第二部分有个大概了解,再查看第三部分,若遇到不太清楚的部分,可以再回到第二部分,对比理解。
该篇也是基于Android10的源码。
若有不对或不足,欢迎指点。
综述总结
前言已经介绍了为什么将总结放在了前面。下面具体看下。
第二部分,主要介绍了下面几个内容:
- Window类型:窗口类型介绍
- 几个重要类:窗口创建添加到WMS过程中常见的一些类,了解下他们之间的关系
- Activity创建窗口添加到WMS综述:简单总结了下 Activity的创建过程 和 添加到WMS过程
- Activity中的一些结构示意图:整个过程,Activity中关联的一些类/结构的 关系,理解这个个人觉得很有必要
- Token传递到WMS:Token是很重要的参数,参与整个过程。这里将该篇涉及的过程中的 Token的传递过程单独总结了下
Window类型
- //WindowManager.java
- public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams implements Parcelable {
- public static final int FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 1;
- public static final int LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 99;
- public static final int FIRST_SUB_WINDOW = 1000;
- public static final int LAST_SUB_WINDOW = 1999;
- public static final int FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2000;
- public static final int LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2999;
- //状态栏
- public static final int TYPE_STATUS_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW;
- //搜索栏
- public static final int TYPE_SEARCH_BAR = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+1;
- //来电显示
- public static final int TYPE_PHONE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+2;
- //警告窗口,常见如:低电量警告
- public static final int TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+3;
- //锁屏
- public static final int TYPE_KEYGUARD = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+4;
- //toast
- public static final int TYPE_TOAST = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+5;
- public static final int TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+6;//显示在所有窗口之上,覆盖
- //来电优先,即使锁屏状态下
- public static final int TYPE_PRIORITY_PHONE = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+7;
- //输入法窗口
- public static final int TYPE_INPUT_METHOD = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+11;
- //壁纸
- public static final int TYPE_WALLPAPER = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+13;
- }
- 应用窗口(1 ~ 99):FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW ~ LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW。对应一个Activity,token需设置成Activity的token。 如:Activity。
- 子窗口(1000 ~ 1999):FIRST_SUB_WINDOW ~ LAST_SUB_WINDOW。必须要有一个父窗口,token需设置成父窗口的token。 如:PopupWindow,依附于Activity。
- 系统窗口(2000 ~ 2999):FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW ~ LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW。系统级的 不需要对应Activity 也不需要有父窗口,应用进程一般没有权限创建,只有系统进程可以创建。如:上面列出了部分常见的系统窗口,状态栏、来电、toast、输入法等等。
几个重要类
下面几个类是后续经常看到的,这里主要看下他们直接的继承关系,后面看到比较容易理解。
- public abstract class Window {}
- public class PhoneWindow extends Window implements MenuBuilder.Callback {}
- public interface WindowManagerPolicy extends WindowManagerPolicyConstants {}
- public class PhoneWindowManager implements WindowManagerPolicy {}
- public interface ViewManager {
- public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
- public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
- public void removeView(View view);
- }
- public interface WindowManager extends ViewManager {}
- public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {}
- /** A window in the window manager. */
- class WindowState extends WindowContainer<WindowState> implements WindowManagerPolicy.WindowState {}
Window是一个抽象类,Activity、Toast、Dialog等都是靠Window来呈现。
- PhoneWindow是Window的具体实现类(几乎是唯一实现类)。
- WindowManager是个接口,继承接口 ViewManager(ViewManager定义了3个操作:增加、更新、移除)。
- WindowManagerImpl是WindowManager的实现类。
不过查看WindowManagerImpl中 关于ViewManager的3个操作可以看出,这3个实现 最终是交由WindowManagerGlobal完成的。
WindowState维护着窗口的所有信息。WMS通过WindowState对窗口进行管理、保存状态等。
Activity创建窗口添加到WMS综述
这是跟踪的代码过程,这里汇总下 方便后续查看理解。 红色是比较主要的几个节点方法。
- //attach()
- -performLaunchActivity()
- --activity.attach()//创建了PhoneWindow(mWindow)。mWindowManager保存的是 从mWindow处获取的 setWindowManager()创建的WindowManagerImpl
- ---mWindow.setWindowManager()//PhoneWindow内部 创建了WindowManagerImpl(mWindowManager),并保存了appToken、appName。
- //onCreate()
- -setContentView()
- --installDecor()
- ---generateDecor()//创建了DecorView(mDecor)
- ---generateLayout()//将activity的布局作为子视图(ViewGroup)添加到mDecor中
- //onResume()
- -r.activity.makeVisible()//
- --wm.addView(mDecor, ...)//wm即mWindowManager(WindowManagerImpl对象)
- ---WindowManagerGlobal.addView()//创建了ViewRootImpl。addView的view是mDecor,ViewRootImpl中创建了mWindow(这里是一个IBinder,而非attach()中创建的)
- ----ViewRootImpl.setView()//openSession()创建了Session(IWindowSession的代理类),view也是mDecor。mDecor传入到ViewRootImpl的mView
- -----Session.addToDisplay()//通过Session进入system_server进程
- ------mService.addWindow()//进入WMS,执行addWindow()添加窗口
attach阶段:
- 一个Activity 创建了一个PhoneWindow对象 ,PhoneWindow通过setWindowManager() 创建了WindowManagerImpl 。
即Activity 对应一个PhoneWindow,并得到了一个WindowManager(WindowManagerImpl,Window创建的)。
onCreate阶段:
- 创建了DecorView,并将 activity的布局添加到DecorView中 。
onResume阶段:
- 创建了ViewRootImpl,通过setView()最终由Session进入system_server进程。最终执行addWindow添加窗口到WMS。
Activity中的一些结构示意图
下面是我学习总结中 根据理解画的,方便自己查看时一眼可得。
(若有什么不对,多谢指点)
- public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
- private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
- }
- public final class WindowManagerGlobal {
- private static IWindowManager sWindowManagerService;//WMS客户端,
- private static IWindowSession sWindowSession;//Session
- private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
- private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
- private final ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams> mParams = new ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams>();
- }
- 一个Activity对应了一个PhoneWindow对象。即 每个Activity对应一个Window (具体实现类是PhoneWindow)。
- 一个PhoneWindow 持有一个 DecorView 实例, DecorView实际是一个FrameLayout,它是Activity中所有View的根(最顶层的View)。
- 一个PhoneWindow有一个WindowManagerImpl。WindowManagerImpl持有一个单例WindowManagerGlobal。
Token传递到WMS
Activity启动时 AMS会为其创建一个ActivityRecord。可以参考: AMS之应用的第一次启动过程 。
下面先看下ActivityRecord中关于token的几处代码:
- final class ActivityRecord extends ConfigurationContainer {
- final IApplicationToken.Stub appToken; // window manager token
- // TODO: Remove after unification
- AppWindowToken mAppWindowToken;
- ActivityRecord(ActivityTaskManagerService _service, WindowProcessController _caller,...) {
- appToken = new Token(this, _intent);
- }
- void createAppWindowToken() {
- mAppWindowToken = createAppWindow(mAtmService.mWindowManager, appToken,...);
- }
- static class Token extends IApplicationToken.Stub {
- Token(ActivityRecord activity, Intent intent) {
- weakActivity = new WeakReference<>(activity);
- name = intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString();
- }
- }
- }
ActivityRecord中的成员变量 appToken ,这个很重要,后续很多地方会一直涉及到。
ActivityRecord中有个 appToken ,其是一个IBinder(内部类Token继承了IApplicationToken接口)。Token内部持有Activity的弱引用。
在ActivityRecord中会通过createAppWindow()创建并保存 AppWindowToken对象 到mAppWindowToken。
mAppWindowToken:这个appToken会被封装在其中。路径:ActivityStack.startActivityLocked()->ActivityRecord.createAppWindowToken()。AppWindowToken是WindowToken子类。WindowToken可以标志一个窗口。
这个appToken,会在Activity.attach()中作为参数传递到Activity。
Activity保存到mToken。
然后通过 Activity.attach()->mWindow.setWindowManager() 传入到Window(PhoneWindow)中。
Window保存到mAppToken。
WindowManagerGlobal.addView()->Window.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow()保存到WindowManager.LayoutParams中的token变量中。
最后WindowManager.LayoutParams(其中token即ActivityRecord中的appToken)作为参数传入ViewRootImpl.setView()。
ViewRootImpl中mWindowAttributes拷贝了WindowManager.LayoutParams,作为参数通过Session.addToDisplay()传入WMS中,进行后续操作。
这是整个添加窗口(到addWindow())过程 appToken参与的过程及传递过程。
appToken如何参与窗口的添加,这个在 “第三部分的2.8:mService.addWindow()” 注释中能大致看到,比较详细。
Activity窗口添加过程
这里主要介绍 Activity对应Window的创建 以及 Window添加到WMS的过程。
Activity窗口创建
在 AMS之应用的第一次启动过程 中,从点击应用图标到activity创建并执行onCreate()。 下面部分是后面部分的截取,不清楚可以参考下那篇文章。
1.1:handleLaunchActivity()
这里从handleLaunchActivity()开始。
- //ActivityThread.java
- @Override
- public Activity handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r,
- PendingTransactionActions pendingActions, Intent customIntent) {
- ...
- WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
- final Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
- ...
- }
- private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
- ...
- try {
- java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
- activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
- cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
- }
- try {
- Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
- if (activity != null) {
- Window window = null;
- ...
- //attach(),注意这个r.token。参考1.2
- activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
- r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
- r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
- r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
- r.assistToken);
- if (r.isPersistable()) {
- //callActivityOnCreate() 最终执行到的activity的onCreate()方法。
- //参考1.4
- mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
- } else {
- mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
- }
- }
- }
- ...
- return activity;
- }
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize(); 是获取WMS的IBinder代理类,用于与WMS通信。这里不列出代码了。
接着要看的是 activity.attach() 。注意作为参数传入attach()的 r.token 是个IBinder,来自ActivityClientRecord,简单看标识了一个Activity。
1.2:activity.attach()
- //Activity.java
- final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
- Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, ...) {
- ...
- //创建PhoneWindow
- mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);//创建PhoneWindow
- //设置软键盘
- if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
- mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
- }
- //token保存到mToken。
- mToken = token;
- ...
- //mToken传入到Window,参考1.3
- mWindow.setWindowManager(
- (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
- mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
- (info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
- //mWindowManager即setWindowManager()中创建的WindowManagerImpl。
- mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
- ...
- }
首先创建了Activityd对应的Window,是PhoneWindow-Window的实现类。 接着看 mWindow.setWindowManager() 。
1.3:mWindow.setWindowManager()
- //Window.java
- public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName,
- boolean hardwareAccelerated) {
- //ActivityClientRecord.token
- mAppToken = appToken;
- mAppName = appName;
- mHardwareAccelerated = hardwareAccelerated;
- if (wm == null) {
- wm = (WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
- }
- //创建了WindowManagerImpl,注意WindowManagerImpl中mParentWindow是this,非空
- mWindowManager = ((WindowManagerImpl)wm).createLocalWindowManager(this);
- }
这里创建了WindowManagerImpl对象,即WindowManager的实现类。并保存了appToken、appName、mWindowManager。
通过setWindowManager(),即为Window(或者PhoneWindow)设置创建了WindowManager(WindowManagerImpl)。
1.4:setContentView()
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate() 最终有调用到Activity的onCreate()。
自定义Activity,设置布局都执行了 setContentView() ,下面直接来看下这个方法。
- //Activity.java
- public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
- getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);//
- initWindowDecorActionBar();
- }
- public Window getWindow() {
- return mWindow;//即PhoneWindow对象
- }
- //PhoneWindow.java
- // This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
- private DecorView mDecor;
- @Override
- public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
- // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
- // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
- // before this happens.
- if (mContentParent == null) {
- installDecor();//
- } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
- mContentParent.removeAllViews();
- }
- if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
- final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
- getContext());
- transitionTo(newScene);
- } else {
- mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
- }
- ...
- }
- private void installDecor() {
- mForceDecorInstall = false;
- if (mDecor == null) {
- //生成DecorView,参考1.5
- mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
- ...
- } else {
- mDecor.setWindow(this);
- }
- if (mContentParent == null) {
- //布局添加到DecorView,参考1.5
- mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
- // Set up decor part of UI to ignore fitsSystemWindows if appropriate.
- mDecor.makeOptionalFitsSystemWindows();
- final DecorContentParent decorContentParent = (DecorContentParent) mDecor.findViewById(
- R.id.decor_content_parent);
- if (decorContentParent != null) {
- } else {
- mTitleView = findViewById(R.id.title);
- }
- ...
- }
- }
这里主要关注下两个方法: mDecor = generateDecor(-1); 和 mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor); 。
先看下他们的相关代码:
1.5:generateDecor()和generateLayout()
- protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
- // System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
- // the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
- // activity.
- Context context;
- ...
- return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());//
- }
- public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker, WindowCallbacks {
- }
- protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
- ...
- mDecor.startChanging();
- mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
- ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
- ...
- mDecor.finishChanging();
- return contentParent;
- }
- //DecorView.java
- void onResourcesLoaded(LayoutInflater inflater, int layoutResource) {
- ...
- mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater);
- final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
- if (mDecorCaptionView != null) {
- if (mDecorCaptionView.getParent() == null) {
- addView(mDecorCaptionView,
- new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
- }
- mDecorCaptionView.addView(root,
- new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
- } else {
- // Put it below the color views.
- addView(root, 0, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
- }
- mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) root;
- initializeElevation();
- }
通过 generateDecor() 创建了一个DecorView。DecorView实际是一个FrameLayout。
然后通过 generateLayout() ,最终将activity的布局作为子视图(ViewGroup)添加到DecorView中。
上面可以看到,activity生成到执行onCreate(),这个过程,activity生成了关联的PhoneWindow,然后创建了WindowManagerImpl、DecorView。
下面看下Window添加到WMS的过程,看这些创建的对象之前如何联系 形成的一开始介绍的结构示意图。
Window添加到WMS过程
在 AMS之应用的第一次启动过程 中主要讲到onCreate,其实onResume也在其中在,这里不详细解释了,再次列出相关代码:
- //ActivityStackSupervisor.java:
- boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, WindowProcessController proc,
- boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
- ...
- try {
- ...
- try {
- // Create activity launch transaction.
- final ClientTransaction clientTransaction = ClientTransaction.obtain(
- proc.getThread(), r.appToken);
- final DisplayContent dc = r.getDisplay().mDisplayContent;
- clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(new Intent(r.intent),
- ...
- // Set desired final state.
- final ActivityLifecycleItem lifecycleItem;
- if (andResume) {
- lifecycleItem = ResumeActivityItem.obtain(dc.isNextTransitionForward());
- } else {
- lifecycleItem = PauseActivityItem.obtain();
- }
- clientTransaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(lifecycleItem);
- // Schedule transaction.
- mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
- ...
- }
- }
- ...
- return true;
- }
通过 LaunchActivityItem 关联 最终执行结果是创建了应用的Activity 并 执行了attach()和onCreate()。 andResume为true(传入的参数为true,可以参考那篇这段代码往前看), 通过 ResumeActivityItem 关联 最终执行到的是 ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()。
这里从ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()来看。
2.1:ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()
- //ActivityThread.java
- @Override
- public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward,
- String reason) {
- ...
- // TODO Push resumeArgs into the activity for consideration
- //执行onStart()->onResume()。参考2.2
- final ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, finalStateRequest, reason);
- final Activity a = r.activity;
- if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
- r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
- View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
- decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
- ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
- WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
- a.mDecor = decor;
- l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
- ...
- }
- ...
- // The window is now visible if it has been added, we are not
- // simply finishing, and we are not starting another activity.
- if (!r.activity.mFinished && willBeVisible && r.activity.mDecor != null && !r.hideForNow) {
- ...
- r.activity.mVisibleFromServer = true;
- mNumVisibleActivities++;
- if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
- //参考2.3
- r.activity.makeVisible();
- }
- }
- ...
- }
注意 View decor = r.window.getDecorView(); 获取了DecorView对象,最后通过 a.mDecor = decor; 将DecorView赋到了Activity中。
这里关注两个:
- performResumeActivity()
- r.activity.makeVisible();
2.2:performResumeActivity()
- //ActivityThread.java
- @VisibleForTesting
- public ActivityClientRecord performResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest,
- String reason) {
- final ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
- ...
- try {
- r.activity.onStateNotSaved();
- r.activity.mFragments.noteStateNotSaved();
- ...
- r.activity.performResume(r.startsNotResumed, reason);
- r.state = null;
- r.persistentState = null;
- r.setState(ON_RESUME);
- reportTopResumedActivityChanged(r, r.isTopResumedActivity, "topWhenResuming");
- }
- return r;
- }
- //Activity.java
- final void performResume(boolean followedByPause, String reason) {
- performRestart(true /* start */, reason);
- mInstrumentation.callActivityOnResume(this);
- }
- final void performRestart(boolean start, String reason) {
- mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestart(this);
- }
- //Instrumentation.java
- public void callActivityOnRestart(Activity activity) {
- activity.onRestart();
- }
- public void callActivityOnResume(Activity activity) {
- activity.mResumed = true;
- activity.onResume();
- ...
- }
performResumeActivity()中 r.activity.performResume() 回调Activity的performResume()方法。最终执行了Activity的onResume()方法。
performResume()在执行onResume前,调用了 performRestart() ,最终调用的是activity的onStart()。这里可以看出 onStart()执行在onResume()之前。
2.3:r.activity.makeVisible()
- //Activity.java
- void makeVisible() {
- if (!mWindowAdded) {
- ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
- wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());
- mWindowAdded = true;
- }
- mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
- }
- //WindowManagerImpl.java
- public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
- @Override
- public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
- applyDefaultToken(params);
- //mParentWindow即创建WindowManagerImpl是 传入的。参考2.4
- mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow);
- }
- }
这里的getWindowManager()获取到的是前面讲到的 attach()时通过setWindowManager()创建的WindowManagerImpl对象。
前面也讲过,addView()等3个操作定义实现 最终在WindowManagerGlobal中,这里就可以看到。
2.4:WindowManagerGlobal.addView()
- //WindowManagerGlobal
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
- public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
- Display display, Window parentWindow) {
- ...
- final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
- if (parentWindow != null) {
- //调整Window参数,这个过程将token设置其中了
- //参考2.4.1
- parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
- }
- ...
- ViewRootImpl root;
- View panelParentView = null;
- synchronized (mLock) {
- ...
- root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
- view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
- mViews.add(view);
- mRoots.add(root);
- mParams.add(wparams);
- try {
- //将view及相关参数设置到ViewRootImpl中。ViewRootImpl会向WMS添加新窗口、申请Surface及绘制工作等。
- //参考2.6
- root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
- }
- ...
- }
- }
- //ViewRootImpl.java
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- final IWindowSession mWindowSession;
- public ViewRootImpl(Context context, Display display) {
- mContext = context;
- //创建了Session(),参考2.5
- mWindowSession = WindowManagerGlobal.getWindowSession();
- mDisplay = display;
- mBasePackageName = context.getBasePackageName();
- mThread = Thread.currentThread();
- mTargetSdkVersion = context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion;
- //这里的mWindow不是前面Activity中的PhoneWindow,它是W extends IWindow.Stub
- mWindow = new W(this);
- mViewVisibility = View.GONE;
- //创建AttachInfo
- mAttachInfo = new View.AttachInfo(mWindowSession, mWindow, display, this, mHandler, this,
- context);
- ...
- }
- static class W extends IWindow.Stub {...}
- //ViewRootImpl.java
- public final class ViewRootImpl implements ViewParent,
- //View.java
- final static class AttachInfo {
- AttachInfo(IWindowSession session, IWindow window, Display display,
- ViewRootImpl viewRootImpl, Handler handler, Callbacks effectPlayer,
- Context context) {
- mSession = session;
- mWindow = window;
- mWindowToken = window.asBinder();
- mDisplay = display;
- mViewRootImpl = viewRootImpl;
- mHandler = handler;
- mRootCallbacks = effectPlayer;
- mTreeObserver = new ViewTreeObserver(context);
- }
- }
这里主要看到,创建了ViewRootImpl对象。这个类实现了View与WindowManager之间必要的协议。
注意创建中的 mWindow = new W(this); ,这个W继承IWindow.Stub。
创建ViewRootImpl对象时 创建了一个 mAttachInfo = View.AttachInfo() , AttachInfo是一系列绑定信息。mWindowSession、mWindow作为参数传入。AttachInfo创建时注意 mWindowToken = window.asBinder(); 。
- mWindowSession在后续2.5/2.6/2.7中讲到,它是Session对象,它是IWindowSession的代理类, 通过他可以与WMS通信的binder接口 。
- mWindow这里是W对象,它是IWindow.Stub,通过new创建,后续能看到会传入WMS, 它是WMS回调应用(与应用通信)的binder接口 。
- mWindowToken,也就是W的IBinder对象, 也是WMS与应用通信的接口 。
创建ViewRootImpl对象后,WindowManagerGlobal将View、ViewRootImpl、LayoutParams保存到相应的ArrayList中。前面也讲到过,WindowManagerGlobal是单例的,应用进程中只有一个。最后通过root.setView()将View(这里是DecorView)传入到ViewRootImpl中。
2.4.1:adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow()
前面看到mAppToken是从Activity的传入的。
这里mAppToken被设置到WindowManager.LayoutParams里,后面可以看到最终传入到WMS参与处理。
- //Window.java
- void adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(WindowManager.LayoutParams wp) {
- CharSequence curTitle = wp.getTitle();
- //子窗口,该篇中是应用窗口,所以不走这,也了解下。
- if (wp.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
- wp.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
- if (wp.token == null) {
- View decor = peekDecorView();
- if (decor != null) {
- wp.token = decor.getWindowToken();
- }
- }
- ...
- //系统窗口,也不走这
- } else if (wp.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW &&
- wp.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW) {
- ...
- //应用窗口,该篇走这
- } else {
- if (wp.token == null) {
- //设置到了WindowManager.LayoutParams中
- wp.token = mContainer == null ? mAppToken : mContainer.mAppToken;
- }
- ...
- }
- ...
- }
2.4.2:AttachInfo在其中了解下
ViewRootImpl与各个View。通过下面的过程,AttachInfo绑定信息被设置到各个View中了,即各个View能够获取到各种相关信息。
2.6执行到ViewRootImpl.setView()后,参考过程:setView()->requestLayout()->scheduleTraversals()->mTraversalRunnable->doTraversal()->performTraversals()->host.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, 0)->View.dispatchAttachedToWindow()->ViewGroup.dispatchAttachedToWindow()。
属同个ViewGroup的 AttachInfo是一样的。
- //ViewGroup.java
- @Override
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
- mGroupFlags |= FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
- super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
- mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
- final int count = mChildrenCount;
- final View[] children = mChildren;
- for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
- final View child = children[i];
- child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
- combineVisibility(visibility, child.getVisibility()));
- }
- final int transientCount = mTransientIndices == null ? 0 : mTransientIndices.size();
- for (int i = 0; i < transientCount; ++i) {
- View view = mTransientViews.get(i);
- view.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
- combineVisibility(visibility, view.getVisibility()));
- }
- }
- }
上述过程 performTraversals() 大致了解下:从上而下遍历视图树,每个View绘制自己,ViewGroup通知子View进行绘制。测量performMeasure() 执行布局performLayout() 绘制performDraw()。
Android绘制 重要的部分就在这里,需要了解的可以仔细研究下这个方法(performTraversals()),这里不作关注。
2.5:WindowManagerGlobal.getWindowSession()
- // WindowManagerGlobal.java
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() {
- synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
- if (sWindowSession == null) {
- try {
- InputMethodManager.ensureDefaultInstanceForDefaultDisplayIfNecessary();
- IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService();
- //创建Session对象
- sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession(
- new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() {
- @Override
- public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) {
- ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale);
- }
- });
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
- }
- }
- return sWindowSession;
- }
- }
- //WindowManagerService.java
- @Override
- public IWindowSession openSession(IWindowSessionCallback callback) {
- return new Session(this, callback);
- }
获取Sessiond对象,如果没有则通过 windowManager.openSession() 创建。Session是IWindowSession的代理类,然后返回给ViewRootImpl中的mWindowSession。
2.6:ViewRootImpl.setView()
- //ViewRootImpl.java
- public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
- synchronized (this) {
- if (mView == null) {
- mView = view;
- mWindowAttributes.copyFrom(attrs);
- ...
- // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window
- // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving
- // any other events from the system.
- requestLayout();//TODO
- try {
- mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
- mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
- collectViewAttributes();
- //参考2.7,进入system_server进程
- res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
- getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(), mTmpFrame,
- mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets,
- mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mAttachInfo.mDisplayCutout, mInputChannel,
- mTempInsets);
- setFrame(mTmpFrame);
- }
- ...
- }
- }
- }
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay() :mWindowSession是上面返回的创建的Session, mWindowSession.addToDisplay() 即通过binder进入system_server进程,执行的Session.addToDisplay()。
mView即DecorView。
这里的mWindow是2.4中讲到的,是 W 继承IWindow.Stub。这是一个IBinder对象,在应用进程创建ViewRootImpl时被创建。
这里 mWindowSession.addToDisplay() 往后可以看到被传入到WMS。
2.7:Session.addToDisplay()
- //Session.java
- class Session extends IWindowSession.Stub implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
- final WindowManagerService mService;
- public Session(WindowManagerService service, IWindowSessionCallback callback) {
- mService = service;
- ...
- }
- @Override
- public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
- int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outFrame, Rect outContentInsets,
- Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets,
- DisplayCutout.ParcelableWrapper outDisplayCutout, InputChannel outInputChannel,
- InsetsState outInsetsState) {
- //参考2.8
- return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId, outFrame,
- outContentInsets, outStableInsets, outOutsets, outDisplayCutout, outInputChannel,
- outInsetsState);
- }
- }
进入WMS,添加Window。
2.8:mService.addWindow()
终于到最后WMS.addWindow(),这里完成窗口添加。可以仔细看下下面源码及注释,这个方法即使缩减了很多还是比较长,需要耐心。
- //WindowManagerService.java
- public int addWindow(Session session, IWindow client, int seq,
- LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outFrame,
- Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets,
- DisplayCutout.ParcelableWrapper outDisplayCutout, InputChannel outInputChannel,
- InsetsState outInsetsState) {
- int[] appOp = new int[1];
- //检查权限,无权限不能添加窗口
- int res = mPolicy.checkAddPermission(attrs, appOp);
- if (res != WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_OKAY) {
- return res;
- }
- boolean reportNewConfig = false;
- WindowState parentWindow = null;
- ...
- final int type = attrs.type;
- synchronized (mGlobalLock) {
- ...
- //获取窗口要添加到的DisplayContent。即显示在哪个屏幕上
- final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentOrCreate(displayId, attrs.token);
- if (displayContent == null) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window to a display that does not exist: "
- + displayId + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY;
- }
- if (!displayContent.hasAccess(session.mUid)) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window to a display for which the application "
- + "does not have access: " + displayId + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY;
- }
- if (mWindowMap.containsKey(client.asBinder())) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Window " + client + " is already added");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_DUPLICATE_ADD;
- }
- //添加子窗口,父窗口必须存在。
- if (type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
- parentWindow = windowForClientLocked(null, attrs.token, false);
- if (parentWindow == null) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with token that is not a window: "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN;
- }
- //这里可以看出WMS要求 窗口的层级 最多为两层
- if (parentWindow.mAttrs.type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW
- && parentWindow.mAttrs.type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with token that is a sub-window: "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN;
- }
- }
- if (type == TYPE_PRIVATE_PRESENTATION && !displayContent.isPrivate()) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add private presentation window to a non-private display. Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- AppWindowToken atoken = null;
- final boolean hasParent = parentWindow != null;
- //获取WindowToken,对于子窗口使用父窗口的token。
- //通过attrs.token从mTokenMap取出:private final HashMap<IBinder, WindowToken> mTokenMap = new HashMap();
- //关于Activity窗口:WindowToken,前面讲过ActivityRecord 创建时会创建AppWindowToken,这个过程中appToken和AppWindowToken被保存到mTokenMap中
- WindowToken token = displayContent.getWindowToken(
- hasParent ? parentWindow.mAttrs.token : attrs.token);
- // If this is a child window, we want to apply the same type checking rules as the
- // parent window type.
- final int rootType = hasParent ? parentWindow.mAttrs.type : type;
- boolean addToastWindowRequiresToken = false;
- //以下是WindowToken和窗口之间的关系
- if (token == null) {
- //以下窗口类型,WindowToken不能为空
- if (rootType >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && rootType <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add application window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (rootType == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add input method window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (rootType == TYPE_VOICE_INTERACTION) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add voice interaction window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (rootType == TYPE_WALLPAPER) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add wallpaper window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (rootType == TYPE_DREAM) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add Dream window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (rootType == TYPE_QS_DIALOG) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add QS dialog window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (rootType == TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add Accessibility overlay window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- if (type == TYPE_TOAST) {
- // Apps targeting SDK above N MR1 cannot arbitrary add toast windows.
- if (doesAddToastWindowRequireToken(attrs.packageName, callingUid,
- parentWindow)) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add a toast window with unknown token "
- + attrs.token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
- }
- }
- final IBinder binder = attrs.token != null ? attrs.token : client.asBinder();
- final boolean isRoundedCornerOverlay =
- (attrs.privateFlags & PRIVATE_FLAG_IS_ROUNDED_CORNERS_OVERLAY) != 0;
- //token为空,除上述窗口类型,其他是允许的。此时新建WindowToken
- token = new WindowToken(this, binder, type, false, displayContent,
- session.mCanAddInternalSystemWindow, isRoundedCornerOverlay);
- //token不为空,且是应用窗口类型,token需要时AppWindowToken类型
- } else if (rootType >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && rootType <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW) {
- //判断token是否是AppWindowToken类型
- //前面知道,Activity创建的是AppWindowToken,即获得的atoken非空
- atoken = token.asAppWindowToken();
- if (atoken == null) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with non-application token "
- + token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_NOT_APP_TOKEN;
- } else if (atoken.removed) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with exiting application token "
- + token + ". Aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING;
- } else if (type == TYPE_APPLICATION_STARTING && atoken.startingWindow != null) {
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add starting window to token with already existing"
- + " starting window");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_DUPLICATE_ADD;
- }
- //其他各种窗口类型处理
- } else if (rootType == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
- ...
- }...
- //WindowState维护了所有窗口的信息,它是WMS实际管理的“窗口”
- //它与Z-Order密切相关(多个Window层叠布局),其属性mLayer 越大,窗口越靠前。
- final WindowState win = new WindowState(this, session, client, token, parentWindow,
- appOp[0], seq, attrs, viewVisibility, session.mUid,
- session.mCanAddInternalSystemWindow);
- if (win.mDeathRecipient == null) {
- // Client has apparently died, so there is no reason to
- // continue.
- Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Adding window client " + client.asBinder()
- + " that is dead, aborting.");
- return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING;
- }
- ...
- origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- //创建SurfaceSession,实现与SurfaceFlinger通信。参考2.9 简单说明下
- win.attach();
- //将WindowState对象加入到mWindowMap中
- mWindowMap.put(client.asBinder(), win);
- win.initAppOpsState();
- ...
- final AppWindowToken aToken = token.asAppWindowToken();
- win.mToken.addWindow(win);
- win.applyAdjustForImeIfNeeded();
- ...
- }
- ...
- return res;
- }
WMS通过WindowState对窗口进行管理、保存状态等。
添加窗口都需要指明其WindowToken;同时窗口需指明其DisplayContent 以确定显示到哪个屏幕设备。
具体请看上面注释,比较详细了。
看完,大致能明白窗口类型、WindowToken在窗口添加中的作用。了解到token的作用。
比如:若添加的时子窗口,则必须有父窗口,且窗口的层级最多为两层。WindowToken为null,可以明显看出那些情况不允许添加。添加的窗口时应用窗口时,WindowToken要是AppWindowToken。等等。
addWindow()暂时就说这些。
这个添加后的结果,通过res 最终反回到了 2.6:ViewRootImpl.setView() 中,根据结果 继续处理。
2.9:win.attach()
为什么 win.attach() 是创建与SurfaceFlinger通信的?简单了解下。
跟踪下去是创建了SurfaceSession对象,这个创建进入native,最终创建了一个与SurfaceFlinger通信的 SurfaceComposerClient。 因此,可以与SurfaceFlinger进行通信。
ViewRootImpl创建时 就创建的mSurface,mSurface是ViewRootImpl的成员变量,此时创建的Surface什么都没有,最后通过relayoutWindow()进入WMS 一步步向SurfaceFlinger发出请求。
这时几处相关代码。
- //WindowState.java
- void attach() {
- if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Attaching " + this + " token=" + mToken);
- mSession.windowAddedLocked(mAttrs.packageName);
- }
- //Session.java
- void windowAddedLocked(String packageName) {
- mPackageName = packageName;
- mRelayoutTag = "relayoutWindow: " + mPackageName;
- if (mSurfaceSession == null) {
- mSurfaceSession = new SurfaceSession();
- ...
- }
- mNumWindow++;
- }
- //ViewRootImpl.java
- // These can be accessed by any thread, must be protected with a lock.
- // Surface can never be reassigned or cleared (use Surface.clear()).
- @UnsupportedAppUsage
- public final Surface mSurface = new Surface();
- private final SurfaceControl mSurfaceControl = new SurfaceControl();
这里只说到添加窗口到WMS,关于窗口添加后的处理、界面的计算显示更新等等,以后再总结。