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Hello,大家好,我是阿粉,Java 的注解相信大家天天都在用,但是关于注解的原理,大家都了解吗?这篇文章通过意见简单的示例给大家演示一下注解的使用和原理。
Java 元注解
注解(Annotation)是一种可以放在 Java 类上,方法上,属性上,参数前面的一种特殊的注释,用来注释注解的注解叫做元注解。元注解我们平常不会编写,只需要添加到我们自己编写的注解上即可,。
Java 自带的常用的元注解有@Target,@Retention,@Documented,@Inherited 分别有如下含义
- @Target:标记这个注解使用的地方,取值范围在枚举 java.lang.annotation.ElementType:TYPE,FIELD,METHOD,PARAMETER,CONSTRUCTOR,LOCAL_VARIABLE,ANNOTATION_TYPE,PACKAGE,TYPE_PARAMETER,TYPE_USE。
- @Retention :标识这个注解的生命周期,取值范围在枚举 java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy,SOURCE,CLASS,RUNTIME,一般定义的注解都是在运行时使用,所有要用 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME);
- @Documented:表示注解是否包含到文档中。
- @Inherited :使用@Inherited定义子类是否可继承父类定义的Annotation。@Inherited仅针对@Target(ElementType.TYPE)类型的annotation有效,并且仅针对class的继承,对interface的继承无效。
定义注解
上面介绍了几个元注解,下面我们定义一个日志注解来演示一下,我们通过定义一个名为OperationLog 的注解来记录一些通用的操作日志,比如记录什么时候什么人查询的哪个表的数据或者新增了什么数据。编写注解我们用的是 @interface 关键字,相关代码如下:
- package com.api.annotation;
- import java.lang.annotation.*;
- /**
- * <br>
- * <b>Function:</b><br>
- * <b>Author:</b>@author 子悠<br>
- * <b>Date:</b>2020-11-17 22:10<br>
- * <b>Desc:</b>用于记录操作日志<br>
- */
- @Target({ElementType.METHOD})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- public @interface OperationLog {
- /**
- * 操作类型
- *
- * @return
- */
- String type() default OperationType.SELECT;
- /**
- * 操作说明
- *
- * @return
- */
- String desc() default "";
- /**
- * 请求路径
- *
- * @return
- */
- String path() default "";
- /**
- * 是否记录日志,默认是
- *
- * @return
- */
- boolean write() default true;
- /**
- * 是否需要登录信息
- *
- * @return
- */
- boolean auth() default true;
- /**
- * 当 type 为 save 时必须
- *
- * @return
- */
- String primaryKey() default "";
- /**
- * 对应 service 的 Class
- *
- * @return
- */
- Class<?> defaultServiceClass() default Object.class;
- }
说明
上面的注解,我们增加了@Target({ElementType.METHOD}) , @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME), @Documented 三个元注解,表示我们这个注解是使用在方法上的,并且生命周期是运行时,而且可以记录到文档中。然后我们可以看到定义注解采用的u是@interface 关键字,并且我们给这个注解定义了几个属性,同时设置了默认值。主要注意的是平时我们编写的注解一般必须设置@Target和@Retention,而且 @Retention一般设置为RUNTIME,这是因为我们自定义的注解通常要求在运行期读取,另外一般情况下,不必写@Inherited。
使用
上面的动作只是把注解定义出来了,但是光光定义出来是没有用的,必须有一个地方读取解析,才能提现出注解的价值,我们就采用 Spring 的 AOP 拦截这个注解,将所有携带这个注解的方法所进行的操作都记录下来。
- package com.api.config;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
- import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.util.*;
- /**
- * <br>
- * <b>Function:</b><br>
- * <b>Author:</b>@author 子悠<br>
- * <b>Date:</b>2020-11-17 14:40<br>
- * <b>Desc:</b>aspect for operation log<br>
- */
- @Aspect
- @Component
- @Order(-5)
- @Slf4j
- public class LogAspect {
- /**
- * Pointcut for methods which need to record operate log
- */
- @Pointcut("within(com.xx.yy.controller..*) && @annotation(com.api.annotation.OperationLog)")
- public void logAspect() {
- }
- /**
- * record log for Admin and DSP
- *
- * @param joinPoint parameter
- * @return result
- * @throws Throwable
- */
- @Around("logAspect()")
- public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
- Object proceed = null;
- String classType = joinPoint.getTarget().getClass().getName();
- Class<?> targetCls = Class.forName(classType);
- MethodSignature ms = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
- Method targetMethod = targetCls.getDeclaredMethod(ms.getName(), ms.getParameterTypes());
- OperationLog operation = targetMethod.getAnnotation(OperationLog.class);
- if (null != operation && operation.write()) {
- SysMenuOpLogEntity opLogEntity = new SysMenuOpLogEntity();
- StringBuilder change = new StringBuilder();
- if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(operation.type())) {
- switch (operation.type()) {
- case OperationType.ADD:
- proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
- String addString = genAddData(targetCls, operation.defaultServiceClass(), joinPoint.getArgs());
- opLogEntity.setAfterJson(addString);
- change.append(OperationType.ADD);
- break;
- case OperationType.DELETE:
- String deleteString = autoQueryDeletedData(targetCls, operation.primaryKey(), operation.defaultServiceClass(), joinPoint.getArgs());
- opLogEntity.setBeforeJson(deleteString);
- change.append(OperationType.DELETE);
- proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
- break;
- case OperationType.EDIT:
- change.append(OperationType.EDIT);
- setOpLogEntity(opLogEntity, targetCls, operation.primaryKey(), operation.defaultServiceClass(), joinPoint.getArgs());
- proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
- break;
- case OperationType.SELECT:
- opLogEntity.setBeforeJson(getQueryString(targetCls, operation.defaultServiceClass(), joinPoint.getArgs()));
- change.append(operation.type());
- proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
- break;
- case OperationType.SAVE:
- savedDataOpLog(opLogEntity, targetCls, operation.primaryKey(), operation.defaultServiceClass(), joinPoint.getArgs());
- change.append(operation.type());
- proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
- break;
- case OperationType.EXPORT:
- case OperationType.DOWNLOAD:
- change.append(operation.type());
- proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
- break;
- default:
- }
- opLogEntity.setExecType(operation.type());
- }
- StringBuilder changing = new StringBuilder();
- if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(opLogEntity.getExecType())) {
- if (operation.auth()) {
- LoginUserVO loginUser = getLoginUser();
- if (null != loginUser) {
- opLogEntity.setUserId(loginUser.getUserId());
- opLogEntity.setUserName(loginUser.getUserName());
- changing.append(loginUser.getUserName()).append("-");
- } else {
- log.error("用户未登录");
- }
- }
- opLogEntity.setCreateTime(DateUtils.getCurDate());
- opLogEntity.setRemark(getOperateMenuName(targetMethod, operation.desc()));
- opLogEntity.setPath(getPath(targetMethod, targetMethod.getName()));
- opLogEntity.setChanging(changing.append(change).toString());
- menuOpLogService.save(opLogEntity);
- }
- }
- return proceed;
- }
- /**
- * query data by userId
- *
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private String queryByCurrentUserId(Class<?> targetCls, Class<?> defaultServiceClass) throws Exception {
- BaseService baseService = getBaseService(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- LoginUserVO loginUser = dspBaseService.getLoginUser();
- if (null != loginUser) {
- Object o = baseService.queryId(loginUser.getUserId());
- return JsonUtils.obj2Json(o);
- }
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * return query parameter
- *
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param args parameter
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private String getQueryString(Class<?> targetCls, Class<?> defaultServiceClass, Object[] args) {
- if (args.length > 0) {
- Class<?> entityClz = getEntityClz(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- for (Object arg : args) {
- if (arg.getClass().equals(entityClz) || arg instanceof BaseModel) {
- return JsonUtils.obj2Json(arg);
- }
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * save record log while OperatorType is SAVE
- *
- * @param opLogEntity entity
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param primaryKey primaryKey
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @param args parameter
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private void savedDataOpLog(SysMenuOpLogEntity opLogEntity, Class<?> targetCls, String primaryKey, Class<?> defaultServiceClass, Object[] args) throws Exception {
- Class<?> entityClz = getEntityClz(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- BaseService baseService = getBaseService(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- for (Object arg : args) {
- if (arg.getClass().equals(entityClz)) {
- if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(primaryKey)) {
- Field declaredField = entityClz.getDeclaredField(primaryKey);
- declaredField.setAccessible(true);
- Object primaryKeyValue = declaredField.get(arg);
- //if primary key is not null that means edit, otherwise is add
- if (null != primaryKeyValue) {
- //query data by primary key
- Object o = baseService.queryId(primaryKeyValue);
- opLogEntity.setBeforeJson(JsonUtils.obj2Json(o));
- }
- }
- opLogEntity.setAfterJson(JsonUtils.obj2Json(arg));
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * set parameter which edit data
- *
- * @param opLogEntity entity
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param primaryKey primaryKey
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @param args parameter
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private void setOpLogEntity(SysMenuOpLogEntity opLogEntity, Class<?> targetCls, String primaryKey, Class<?> defaultServiceClass, Object[] args) throws Exception {
- Map<String, String> saveMap = autoQueryEditedData(targetCls, primaryKey, defaultServiceClass, args);
- if (null != saveMap) {
- if (saveMap.containsKey(ASPECT_LOG_OLD_DATA)) {
- opLogEntity.setBeforeJson(saveMap.get(ASPECT_LOG_OLD_DATA));
- }
- if (saveMap.containsKey(ASPECT_LOG_NEW_DATA)) {
- opLogEntity.setBeforeJson(saveMap.get(ASPECT_LOG_NEW_DATA));
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * query data for edit and after edit operate
- *
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param primaryKey primaryKey
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @param args parameter
- * @return map which data
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private Map<String, String> autoQueryEditedData(Class<?> targetCls, String primaryKey, Class<?> defaultServiceClass, Object[] args) throws Exception {
- if (StrUtil.isBlank(primaryKey)) {
- throw new Exception();
- }
- Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(16);
- Class<?> entityClz = getEntityClz(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- BaseService baseService = getBaseService(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- for (Object arg : args) {
- if (arg.getClass().equals(entityClz)) {
- Field declaredField = entityClz.getDeclaredField(primaryKey);
- declaredField.setAccessible(true);
- Object primaryKeyValue = declaredField.get(arg);
- //query the data before edit
- if (null != primaryKeyValue) {
- //query data by primary key
- Object o = baseService.queryId(primaryKeyValue);
- map.put(ASPECT_LOG_OLD_DATA, JsonUtils.obj2Json(o));
- map.put(ASPECT_LOG_NEW_DATA, JsonUtils.obj2Json(arg));
- return map;
- }
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * return JSON data which add operate
- *
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param args parameter
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @return add data which will be added
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private String genAddData(Class<?> targetCls, Class<?> defaultServiceClass, Object[] args) throws Exception {
- List<Object> parameter = new ArrayList<>();
- for (Object arg : args) {
- if (arg instanceof HttpServletRequest) {
- } else {
- parameter.add(arg);
- }
- }
- return JsonUtils.obj2Json(parameter);
- }
- /**
- * query delete data before delete operate
- *
- * @param targetCls class
- * @param primaryKey primaryKey
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @param ids ids
- * @return delete data which will be deleted
- * @throws Throwable
- */
- private String autoQueryDeletedData(Class<?> targetCls, String primaryKey, Class<?> defaultServiceClass, Object[] ids) throws Throwable {
- if (StrUtil.isBlank(primaryKey)) {
- throw new OriginException(TipEnum.LOG_ASPECT_PRIMARY_KEY_NOT_EXIST);
- }
- //get service
- BaseService baseService = getBaseService(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- //get entity
- Class<?> entityClz = getEntityClz(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- //query deleted data by primary key
- Query query = new Query();
- WhereOperator whereOperator = new WhereOperator(entityClz);
- Set<Object> set = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList((Object[]) ids[0]));
- whereOperator.and(primaryKey).in(set.toArray());
- query.addWhereOperator(whereOperator);
- List list = baseService.queryList(query);
- return JsonUtils.obj2Json(list);
- }
- /**
- * return service by targetCls
- *
- * @param targetCls current controller class
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @return service instance
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private BaseService getBaseService(Class<?> targetCls, Class<?> defaultServiceClass) throws Exception {
- //根据类名拿到对应的 service 名称
- String serviceName = getServiceName(targetCls, defaultServiceClass);
- BaseService baseService;
- if (null != defaultServiceClass) {
- baseService = (BaseService) ApplicationContextProvider.getBean(serviceName, defaultServiceClass);
- } else {
- Class<?> type = targetCls.getDeclaredField(serviceName).getType();
- baseService = (BaseService) ApplicationContextProvider.getBean(serviceName, type);
- }
- return baseService;
- }
- /**
- * return service name
- *
- * @param targetCls current controller class
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @return service name
- */
- private String getServiceName(Class<?> targetCls, Class<?> defaultServiceClass) {
- if (null != defaultServiceClass && Object.class != defaultServiceClass) {
- return StrUtil.left(defaultServiceClass.getSimpleName(), 1).toLowerCase() + defaultServiceClass.getSimpleName().substring(1);
- }
- return StrUtil.left(targetCls.getSimpleName(), 1).toLowerCase() + targetCls.getSimpleName().substring(1).replace("Controller", "Service");
- }
- /**
- * return entity class
- *
- * @param targetCls current controller class
- * @param defaultServiceClass default service class
- * @return entity class
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private Class<?> getEntityClz(Class<?> targetCls, Class<?> defaultServiceClass) {
- try {
- Class<?> type;
- if (null != defaultServiceClass && Object.class != defaultServiceClass) {
- type = defaultServiceClass;
- } else {
- type = targetCls.getDeclaredField(getServiceName(targetCls, null)).getType();
- }
- String entityName = type.getName().replace("service", "entity").replace("Service", "Entity");
- Class<?> entityClz = Class.forName(entityName);
- return entityClz;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- log.error("获取 class 失败");
- }
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * require path
- *
- * @param targetMethod target method
- * @param defaultPath default require path
- * @return require path
- */
- private String getPath(Method targetMethod, String defaultPath) {
- String path = defaultPath;
- PostMapping postMapping = targetMethod.getAnnotation(PostMapping.class);
- GetMapping getMapping = targetMethod.getAnnotation(GetMapping.class);
- RequestMapping requestMapping = targetMethod.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);
- if (null != postMapping) {
- path = postMapping.value()[0];
- } else if (null != getMapping) {
- path = getMapping.value()[0];
- } else if (null != requestMapping) {
- path = requestMapping.value()[0];
- }
- return path;
- }
- }
上面的代码中我们定义了一个切面指定需要拦截的包名和注解,因为涉及到很多业务相关的代码,所以不能完整的提供出来,但是整个思路就是这样的,在每种操作类型前后将需要记录的数据查询出来进行记录。代码很长主要是用来获取相应的参数值的,大家使用的时候可以根据自己的需要进行取舍。比如在新增操作的时候,我们将新增的数据进行记录下来;编辑的时候将编辑前的数据查询出来和编辑后的数据一起保存起来,删除也是一样的,在删除前将数据查询出来保存到日志表中。
同样导出和下载都会记录相应信息,整个操作类型的代码如下:
- package com.api.annotation;
- /**
- * <br>
- * <b>Function:</b><br>
- * <b>Author:</b>@author 子悠<br>
- * <b>Date:</b>2020-11-17 22:11<br>
- * <b>Desc:</b>无<br>
- */
- public interface OperationType {
- /**
- * 新增
- **/
- String ADD = "add";
- /**
- * 删除
- **/
- String DELETE = "delete";
- /**
- * 使用实体参数修改
- **/
- String EDIT = "edit";
- /**
- * 查询
- **/
- String SELECT = "select";
- /**
- * 新增和修改的保存方法,使用此类型时必须配置主键字段名称
- **/
- String SAVE = "save";
- /**
- * 导出
- **/
- String EXPORT = "export";
- /**
- * 下载
- **/
- String DOWNLOAD = "download";
- }
后续在使用的时候只需要在需要的方法上加上注解,填上相应的参数即可@OperationLog(desc = "查询单条记录", path = "/data")
总结
注解一个我们天天再用的东西,虽然不难,但是我们却很少自己去写注解的代码,通过这篇文章能给大家展示一下注解的使用逻辑,希望对大家有帮助。Spring 中的各种注解本质上也是这种逻辑都需要定义使用和解析。很多时候我们可以通过自定义注解去解决很多场景,比如日志,缓存等。