本文转载自公众号“读芯术”(ID:AI_Discovery)。
写代码必然会出现错误,而错误处理可以针对这些错误提前做好准备。通常出现错误时,脚本会停止运行,而有了错误处理,脚本就可以继续运行。为此,我们需要了解下面三个关键词:
- try:这是要运行的代码块,可能会产生错误。
- except:如果在try块中出现错误,将执行这段代码。
- finally:不管出现什么错误,都要执行这段代码。
现在,我们定义一个函数“summation”,将两个数字相加。该函数运行正常。
- >>> defsummation(num1,num2):
- print(num1+num2)>>>summation(2,3)
- 5
接下来,我们让用户输入其中一个数字,并运行该函数。
- >>> num1 = 2
- >>> num2 = input("Enter number: ")
- Enter number: 3>>> summation(num1,num2)>>> print("Thisline will not be printed because of the error")
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
- <ipython-input-6-2cc0289b921e> in <module>
- ----> 1 summation(num1,num2)
- 2 print("This line will notbe printed because of the error")
- <ipython-input-1-970d26ae8592> in summation(num1, num2)
- 1 def summation(num1,num2):
- ----> 2 print(num1+num2)
- TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: int and str
“TypeError”错误出现了,因为我们试图将数字和字符串相加。请注意,错误出现后,后面的代码便不再执行。所以我们要用到上面提到的关键词,确保即使出错,脚本依旧运行。
- >> try:
- summed = 2 + 3
- except:
- print("Summation is not ofthe same type")Summation is not of the same type
可以看到,try块出现错误,except块的代码开始运行,并打印语句。接下来加入“else”块,来应对没有错误出现的情况。
- >>> try:
- summed = 2 + 3
- except:
- print("Summation is not ofthe same type")
- else:
- print("There was no errorand result is: ",summed)There was no error and result is: 5
接下来我们用另外一个例子理解。这个例子中,在except块我们还标明了错误类型。如果没有标明错误类型,出现一切异常都会执行except块。
- >>> try:
- f = open( test , w )
- f.write("This is a testfile")
- except TypeError:
- print("There is a typeerror")
- except OSError:
- print("There is an OSerror")
- finally:
- print("This will print evenif no error")This will print even if no error
现在,故意创造一个错误,看看except块是否与finally块共同工作吧!
- >>> try:
- f = open( test , r )
- f.write("This is a testfile")
- except TypeError:
- print("There is a typeerror")
- except OSError:
- print("There is an OSerror")
- finally:
- print("This will print evenif no error")There is an OS error
- This will print even if no error