一. 为什么是k8s v1.16.0？
最新版的v1.16.2试过了，一直无法安装完成，安装到kubeadm init那一步执行后，报了很多错，如：node xxx not found等。centos7都重装了几次，还是无法解决。用了一天都没安装完，差点放弃。
后来在网上搜到的安装教程基本都是v1.16.0的，我不太相信是v1.16.2的坑所以先前没打算降级到v1.16.0。没办法了就试着安装v1.16.0版本，竟然成功了。记录在此，避免后来者踩坑。
本篇文章，安装大步骤如下：
- 安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）
- 设置k8s环境前置条件（所有机器）
- 安装k8s v1.16.0 master管理节点
- 安装k8s v1.16.0 node工作节点
- 安装flannel（master）
这里有重要的一步，请记住自己master和node之间通信的ip，如我的master的ip为192.168.99.104，node的ip为：192.168.99.105. 请确保使用这两个ip在master和node上能互相ping通，这个master的ip 192.168.99.104接下来配置k8s的时候需要用到。
我的环境：
- 操作系统：win10
- 虚拟机：virtual box
- linux发行版：CentOS7
- linux内核(使用uname -r查看)：3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
- master和node节点通信的ip(master)：192.168.99.104
二. 安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）
所有安装k8s的机器都需要安装docker，命令如下：
- # 安装docker所需的工具
- yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- # 配置阿里云的docker源
- yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- # 指定安装这个版本的docker-ce
- yum install -y docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7
- # 启动docker
- systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
三. 设置k8s环境准备条件（所有机器）
安装k8s的机器需要2个CPU和2g内存以上，这个简单，在虚拟机里面配置一下就可以了。然后执行以下脚本做一些准备操作。所有安装k8s的机器都需要这一步操作。
- # 关闭防火墙
- systemctl disable firewalld
- systemctl stop firewalld
- # 关闭selinux
- # 临时禁用selinux
- setenforce 0
- # 永久关闭 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件设置
- sed -i 's/SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
- sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
- # 禁用交换分区
- swapoff -a
- # 永久禁用，打开/etc/fstab注释掉swap那一行。
- sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
- # 修改内核参数
- cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
- net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
- net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
- EOF
- sysctl --system
四. 安装k8s v1.16.0 master管理节点
如果还没安装docker，请参照本文步骤二安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）安装。
如果没设置k8s环境准备条件，请参照本文步骤三设置k8s环境准备条件（所有机器）执行。
以上两个步骤检查完毕之后，继续以下步骤。
1. 安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl
由于官方k8s源在google，国内无法访问，这里使用阿里云yum源
- # 执行配置k8s阿里云源
- cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
- [kubernetes]
- name=Kubernetes
- baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=1
- repo_gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
- EOF
- # 安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
- yum install -y kubectl-1.16.0-0 kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0
- # 启动kubelet服务
- systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
2. 初始化k8s
以下这个命令开始安装k8s需要用到的docker镜像，因为无法访问到国外网站，所以这条命令使用的是国内的阿里云的源(registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers)。
另一个非常重要的是：这里的--apiserver-advertise-address使用的是master和node间能互相ping通的ip，我这里是192.168.99.104，刚开始在这里被坑了一个晚上，你请自己修改下ip执行。
这条命令执行时会卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull，大概需要2分钟，请耐心等待。
- # 下载管理节点中用到的6个docker镜像，你可以使用docker images查看到
- # 这里需要大概两分钟等待，会卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull
- kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.16.0 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.99.104 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --token-ttl 0
上面安装完后，会提示你输入如下命令，复制粘贴过来，执行即可。
- # 上面安装完成后，k8s会提示你输入如下命令，执行
- mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
- sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
- sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
3. 记住node加入集群的命令
上面kubeadm init执行成功后会返回给你node节点加入集群的命令，等会要在node节点上执行，需要保存下来，如果忘记了，可以使用如下命令获取。
- kubeadm token create --print-join-command
以上，安装master节点完毕。可以使用kubectl get nodes查看一下，此时master处于NotReady状态，暂时不用管。
五. 安装k8s v1.16.0 node工作节点
如果还没安装docker，请参照本文步骤二安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）安装。
如果没设置k8s环境准备条件，请参照本文步骤三设置k8s环境准备条件（所有机器）执行。
以上两个步骤检查完毕之后，继续以下步骤。
1. 安装kubeadm、kubelet
- # 执行配置k8s阿里云源
- cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
- [kubernetes]
- name=Kubernetes
- baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=1
- repo_gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
- EOF
- # 安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
- yum install -y kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0
- # 启动kubelet服务
- systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
2. 加入集群
这里加入集群的命令每个人都不一样，可以登录master节点，使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 来获取。获取后执行如下。
- # 加入集群，如果这里不知道加入集群的命令，可以登录master节点，使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 来获取
- kubeadm join 192.168.99.104:6443 --token ncfrid.7ap0xiseuf97gikl \
- --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:47783e9851a1a517647f1986225f104e81dbfd8fb256ae55ef6d68ce9334c6a2
加入成功后，可以在master节点上使用kubectl get nodes命令查看到加入的节点。
六. 安装flannel（master机器）
以上步骤安装完后，机器搭建起来了，但状态还是NotReady状态，如下图，master机器需要安装flanneld。
1. 下载官方fannel配置文件
使用wget命令，地址为：(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml)，这个地址国内访问不了，所以我把内容复制下来，为了避免前面文章过长，我把它粘贴到文章末尾第八个步骤附录了。
这个yml配置文件中配置了一个国内无法访问的地址(quay.io)，我已经将其改为国内可以访问的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。我们新建一个kube-flannel.yml文件，复制粘贴该内容即可。
搜索Java知音公众号，回复“后端面试”，送你一份Java面试题宝典.pdf
2. 安装fannel
- kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
七. 大功告成
至此，k8s集群搭建完成，如下图节点已为Ready状态，大功告成，完结撒花。
八. 附录
这是kube-flannel.yml文件的内容，已经将无法访问的地址(quay.io)全部改为国内可以访问的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。我们新建一个kube-flannel.yml文件，复制粘贴该内容即可。
- ---
- apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
- kind: PodSecurityPolicy
- metadata:
- name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
- annotations:
- seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
- seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
- apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
- apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
- spec:
- privileged: false
- volumes:
- - configMap
- - secret
- - emptyDir
- - hostPath
- allowedHostPaths:
- - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
- readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
- # Users and groups
- runAsUser:
- rule: RunAsAny
- supplementalGroups:
- rule: RunAsAny
- fsGroup:
- rule: RunAsAny
- # Privilege Escalation
- allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
- defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
- # Capabilities
- allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
- defaultAddCapabilities: []
- requiredDropCapabilities: []
- # Host namespaces
- hostPID: false
- hostIPC: false
- hostNetwork: true
- hostPorts:
- - min: 0
- max: 65535
- # SELinux
- seLinux:
- # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
- rule: 'RunAsAny'
- ---
- kind: ClusterRole
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
- metadata:
- name: flannel
- rules:
- - apiGroups: ['extensions']
- resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
- verbs: ['use']
- resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- - apiGroups:
- - ""
- resources:
- - pods
- verbs:
- - get
- - apiGroups:
- - ""
- resources:
- - nodes
- verbs:
- - list
- - watch
- - apiGroups:
- - ""
- resources:
- - nodes/status
- verbs:
- - patch
- ---
- kind: ClusterRoleBinding
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
- metadata:
- name: flannel
- roleRef:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- kind: ClusterRole
- name: flannel
- subjects:
- - kind: ServiceAccount
- name: flannel
- namespace: kube-system
- ---
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: ServiceAccount
- metadata:
- name: flannel
- namespace: kube-system
- ---
- kind: ConfigMap
- apiVersion: v1
- metadata:
- name: kube-flannel-cfg
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- data:
- cni-conf.json: |
- {
- "name": "cbr0",
- "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
- "plugins": [
- {
- "type": "flannel",
- "delegate": {
- "hairpinMode": true,
- "isDefaultGateway": true
- }
- },
- {
- "type": "portmap",
- "capabilities": {
- "portMappings": true
- }
- }
- ]
- }
- net-conf.json: |
- {
- "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
- "Backend": {
- "Type": "vxlan"
- }
- }
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: flannel
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- affinity:
- nodeAffinity:
- requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- nodeSelectorTerms:
- - matchExpressions:
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
- operator: In
- values:
- - linux
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
- operator: In
- values:
- - amd64
- hostNetwork: true
- tolerations:
- - operator: Exists
- effect: NoSchedule
- serviceAccountName: flannel
- initContainers:
- - name: install-cni
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
- command:
- - cp
- args:
- - -f
- - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
- volumeMounts:
- - name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- containers:
- - name: kube-flannel
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
- command:
- - /opt/bin/flanneld
- args:
- - --ip-masq
- - --kube-subnet-mgr
- resources:
- requests:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- limits:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- securityContext:
- privileged: false
- capabilities:
- add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
- env:
- - name: POD_NAME
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.name
- - name: POD_NAMESPACE
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- volumeMounts:
- - name: run
- mountPath: /run/flannel
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- volumes:
- - name: run
- hostPath:
- path: /run/flannel
- - name: cni
- hostPath:
- path: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- configMap:
- name: kube-flannel-cfg
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: flannel
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- affinity:
- nodeAffinity:
- requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- nodeSelectorTerms:
- - matchExpressions:
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
- operator: In
- values:
- - linux
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
- operator: In
- values:
- - arm64
- hostNetwork: true
- tolerations:
- - operator: Exists
- effect: NoSchedule
- serviceAccountName: flannel
- initContainers:
- - name: install-cni
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
- command:
- - cp
- args:
- - -f
- - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
- volumeMounts:
- - name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- containers:
- - name: kube-flannel
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
- command:
- - /opt/bin/flanneld
- args:
- - --ip-masq
- - --kube-subnet-mgr
- resources:
- requests:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- limits:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- securityContext:
- privileged: false
- capabilities:
- add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
- env:
- - name: POD_NAME
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.name
- - name: POD_NAMESPACE
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- volumeMounts:
- - name: run
- mountPath: /run/flannel
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- volumes:
- - name: run
- hostPath:
- path: /run/flannel
- - name: cni
- hostPath:
- path: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- configMap:
- name: kube-flannel-cfg
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: flannel
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- affinity:
- nodeAffinity:
- requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- nodeSelectorTerms:
- - matchExpressions:
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
- operator: In
- values:
- - linux
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
- operator: In
- values:
- - arm
- hostNetwork: true
- tolerations:
- - operator: Exists
- effect: NoSchedule
- serviceAccountName: flannel
- initContainers:
- - name: install-cni
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
- command:
- - cp
- args:
- - -f
- - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
- volumeMounts:
- - name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- containers:
- - name: kube-flannel
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
- command:
- - /opt/bin/flanneld
- args:
- - --ip-masq
- - --kube-subnet-mgr
- resources:
- requests:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- limits:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- securityContext:
- privileged: false
- capabilities:
- add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
- env:
- - name: POD_NAME
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.name
- - name: POD_NAMESPACE
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- volumeMounts:
- - name: run
- mountPath: /run/flannel
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- volumes:
- - name: run
- hostPath:
- path: /run/flannel
- - name: cni
- hostPath:
- path: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- configMap:
- name: kube-flannel-cfg
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: flannel
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- affinity:
- nodeAffinity:
- requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- nodeSelectorTerms:
- - matchExpressions:
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
- operator: In
- values:
- - linux
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
- operator: In
- values:
- - ppc64le
- hostNetwork: true
- tolerations:
- - operator: Exists
- effect: NoSchedule
- serviceAccountName: flannel
- initContainers:
- - name: install-cni
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
- command:
- - cp
- args:
- - -f
- - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
- volumeMounts:
- - name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- containers:
- - name: kube-flannel
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
- command:
- - /opt/bin/flanneld
- args:
- - --ip-masq
- - --kube-subnet-mgr
- resources:
- requests:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- limits:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- securityContext:
- privileged: false
- capabilities:
- add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
- env:
- - name: POD_NAME
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.name
- - name: POD_NAMESPACE
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- volumeMounts:
- - name: run
- mountPath: /run/flannel
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- volumes:
- - name: run
- hostPath:
- path: /run/flannel
- - name: cni
- hostPath:
- path: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- configMap:
- name: kube-flannel-cfg
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: flannel
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- tier: node
- app: flannel
- spec:
- affinity:
- nodeAffinity:
- requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- nodeSelectorTerms:
- - matchExpressions:
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
- operator: In
- values:
- - linux
- - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
- operator: In
- values:
- - s390x
- hostNetwork: true
- tolerations:
- - operator: Exists
- effect: NoSchedule
- serviceAccountName: flannel
- initContainers:
- - name: install-cni
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
- command:
- - cp
- args:
- - -f
- - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
- volumeMounts:
- - name: cni
- mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- containers:
- - name: kube-flannel
- image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
- command:
- - /opt/bin/flanneld
- args:
- - --ip-masq
- - --kube-subnet-mgr
- resources:
- requests:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- limits:
- cpu: "100m"
- memory: "50Mi"
- securityContext:
- privileged: false
- capabilities:
- add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
- env:
- - name: POD_NAME
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.name
- - name: POD_NAMESPACE
- valueFrom:
- fieldRef:
- fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- volumeMounts:
- - name: run
- mountPath: /run/flannel
- - name: flannel-cfg
- mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- volumes:
- - name: run
- hostPath:
- path: /run/flannel
- - name: cni
- hostPath:
- path: /etc/cni/net.d
- - name: flannel-cfg
- configMap:
- name: kube-flannel-cfg
