本文转载自微信公众号「 编程杂技」,作者theanarkh 。转载本文请联系 编程杂技公众号。
rarp是通过mac地址查询ip的协议,主要用于有mac的主机,但是没有ip的情况。我们先看看rarp协议的协议定义(来自网上的图[1])。
rarp协议的格式和arp协议是一样的,他们都是通过一种地址查询另外一种地址。操作系统内维护了一个转换表。定义如下。
- struct rarp_table
- {
- struct rarp_table *next; /* Linked entry list */
- unsigned long ip; /* ip address of entry */
- unsigned char ha[MAX_ADDR_LEN]; /* Hardware address */
- unsigned char hlen; /* Length of hardware address */
- unsigned char htype; /* Type of hardware in use */
- struct device *dev; /* Device the entry is tied to */
- };
初始化的时候是空的,这个表格的数据来源于,用户通过操作系统提供的接口设置。我们看如何操作这个表。
- int rarp_ioctl(unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
- {
- struct arpreq r;
- struct sockaddr_in *si;
- int err;
- switch(cmd)
- {
- case SIOCDRARP:
- if (!suser())
- return -EPERM;
- err = verify_area(VERIFY_READ, arg, sizeof(struct arpreq));
- if(err)
- return err;
- memcpy_fromfs(&r, arg, sizeof(r));
- if (r.arp_pa.sa_family != AF_INET)
- return -EPFNOSUPPORT;
- si = (struct sockaddr_in *) &r.arp_pa;
- rarp_destroy(si->sin_addr.s_addr);
- return 0;
- case SIOCGRARP:
- err = verify_area(VERIFY_WRITE, arg, sizeof(struct arpreq));
- if(err)
- return err;
- return rarp_req_get((struct arpreq *)arg);
- case SIOCSRARP:
- if (!suser())
- return -EPERM;
- err = verify_area(VERIFY_READ, arg, sizeof(struct arpreq));
- if(err)
- return err;
- return rarp_req_set((struct arpreq *)arg);
- default:
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- /*NOTREACHED*/
- return 0;
- }
通过ioctl函数,我们可以对表格进行增删改查。我们只关注新增的逻辑。因为其他的是类似的。下面是arpreq 的定义
- struct arpreq {
- struct sockaddr arp_pa; /* protocol address */
- struct sockaddr arp_ha; /* hardware address */
- int arp_flags; /* flags */
- struct sockaddr arp_netmask; /* netmask (only for proxy arps) */
- };
- static int rarp_req_set(struct arpreq *req)
- {
- struct arpreq r;
- struct rarp_table *entry;
- struct sockaddr_in *si;
- int htype, hlen;
- unsigned long ip;
- struct rtable *rt;
- memcpy_fromfs(&r, req, sizeof(r));
- /*
- * We only understand about IP addresses...
- */
- if (r.arp_pa.sa_family != AF_INET)
- return -EPFNOSUPPORT;
- switch (r.arp_ha.sa_family)
- {
- case ARPHRD_ETHER:
- htype = ARPHRD_ETHER;
- hlen = ETH_ALEN;
- break;
- default:
- return -EPFNOSUPPORT;
- }
- si = (struct sockaddr_in *) &r.arp_pa;
- ip = si->sin_addr.s_addr;
- if (ip == 0)
- {
- printk("RARP: SETRARP: requested PA is 0.0.0.0 !\n");
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- //
- rt = ip_rt_route(ip, NULL, NULL);
- if (rt == NULL)
- return -ENETUNREACH;
- /*
- * Is there an existing entry for this address? Find out...
- */
- cli();
- // 判断之前是不是已经存在
- for (entry = rarp_tables; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next)
- if (entry->ip == ip)
- break;
- /*
- * If no entry was found, create a new one.
- */
- // 不存在则创建一个表项
- if (entry == NULL)
- {
- entry = (struct rarp_table *) kmalloc(sizeof(struct rarp_table),
- GFP_ATOMIC);
- // 还没初始化则初始化
- if(initflag)
- {
- rarp_init();
- initflag=0;
- }
- entry->next = rarp_tables;
- rarp_tables = entry;
- }
- entry->ip = ip;
- entry->hlen = hlen;
- entry->htype = htype;
- memcpy(&entry->ha, &r.arp_ha.sa_data, hlen);
- entry->dev = rt->rt_dev;
- sti();
- return 0;
- }
我们看到这里会往表里插入一个表项(如果不存在的话),还有另外一个逻辑是rarp_init。
- static void rarp_init (void)
- {
- /* Register the packet type */
- rarp_packet_type.type=htons(ETH_P_RARP);
- dev_add_pack(&rarp_packet_type);
- }
这个函数是往底层注册一个节点,当mac底层收到一个ETH_P_RARP类型的数据包的时候(在mac协议头里定义),就会执行rarp_packet_type中定义的函数。下面是该rarp_packet_type的定义
- static struct packet_type rarp_packet_type =
- {
- 0,
- 0, /* copy */
- rarp_rcv,
- NULL,
- NULL
- };
rarp_rcv函数就是收到一个rarp请求的时候(来自其他主机),执行的函数。
- int rarp_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb, struct device *dev, struct packet_type *pt)
- {
- /*
- * We shouldn't use this type conversion. Check later.
- */
- // rarp协议报文
- struct arphdr *rarp = (struct arphdr *)skb->h.raw;
- // rarp协议数据部分
- unsigned char *rarp_ptr = (unsigned char *)(rarp+1);
- struct rarp_table *entry;
- long sip,tip;
- unsigned char *sha,*tha; /* s for "source", t for "target" */
- // 硬件地址长度或类型不一致则忽略
- if (rarp->ar_hln != dev->addr_len || dev->type != ntohs(rarp->ar_hrd)
- || dev->flags&IFF_NOARP)
- {
- kfree_skb(skb, FREE_READ);
- return 0;
- }
- /*
- * If it's not a RARP request, delete it.
- */
- // 不是请求报文则忽略
- if (rarp->ar_op != htons(ARPOP_RREQUEST))
- {
- kfree_skb(skb, FREE_READ);
- return 0;
- }
- /*
- * Extract variable width fields
- */
- // rarp协议首地址
- sha=rarp_ptr;
- // 发送端mac地址长度
- rarp_ptr+=dev->addr_len;
- // 拿到发送端ip,存到sip
- memcpy(&sip,rarp_ptr,4);
- // 跳过4字节
- rarp_ptr+=4;
- // 目的mac地址
- tha=rarp_ptr;
- // 跳过mac地址长度
- rarp_ptr+=dev->addr_len;
- // 目的ip地址
- memcpy(&tip,rarp_ptr,4);
- /*
- * Process entry. Use tha for table lookup according to RFC903.
- */
- cli();
- for (entry = rarp_tables; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next)
- // 判断mac地址是否相等
- if (!memcmp(entry->ha, tha, rarp->ar_hln))
- break;
- // 非空则说明找到
- if (entry != NULL)
- { // 拿到对应的ip
- sip=entry->ip;
- sti();
- // 回复,类似是响应ARPOP_RREPLY
- arp_send(ARPOP_RREPLY, ETH_P_RARP, sip, dev, dev->pa_addr, sha,
- dev->dev_addr);
- }
- else
- sti();
- kfree_skb(skb, FREE_READ);
- return 0;
- }
我们看到这个函数很长,不过逻辑比较简单,就是解析收到的rarp请求中的数据,然后根据其他主机请求的mac地址,从维护的表格中找到对应的ip(如果有的话),然后调用arp_send函数发送回包。下面列一下该函数的代码。
- void arp_send(int type, int ptype, unsigned long dest_ip,
- struct device *dev, unsigned long src_ip,
- unsigned char *dest_hw, unsigned char *src_hw)
- {
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- struct arphdr *arp;
- unsigned char *arp_ptr;
- /*
- * No arp on this interface.
- */
- if(dev->flags&IFF_NOARP)
- return;
- /*
- * Allocate a buffer
- */
- // 分配一个skb存储数据包
- skb = alloc_skb(sizeof(struct arphdr)+ 2*(dev->addr_len+4)
- + dev->hard_header_len, GFP_ATOMIC);
- // 构造arp协议数据包
- skb->len = sizeof(struct arphdr) + dev->hard_header_len + 2*(dev->addr_len+4);
- skb->arp = 1;
- skb->dev = dev;
- // 不存在缓存,发完可以销毁
- skb->free = 1;
- // 构造mac头
- dev->hard_header(skb->data,dev,ptype,dest_hw?dest_hw:dev->broadcast,src_hw?src_hw:NULL,skb->len,skb);
- /* Fill out the arp protocol part. */
- arp = (struct arphdr *) (skb->data + dev->hard_header_len);
- arp->ar_hrd = htons(dev->type);
- arp->ar_pro = htons(ETH_P_IP);
- arp->ar_hln = dev->addr_len;
- arp->ar_pln = 4;
- arp->ar_op = htons(type);
- arp_ptr=(unsigned char *)(arp+1);
- memcpy(arp_ptr, src_hw, dev->addr_len);
- arp_ptr+=dev->addr_len;
- memcpy(arp_ptr, &src_ip,4);
- arp_ptr+=4;
- if (dest_hw != NULL)
- memcpy(arp_ptr, dest_hw, dev->addr_len);
- else
- memset(arp_ptr, 0, dev->addr_len);
- arp_ptr+=dev->addr_len;
- memcpy(arp_ptr, &dest_ip, 4);
- // 调用mac头发送函数发送出去
- dev_queue_xmit(skb, dev, 0);
- }
这就是rarp的早期实现。
References
[1] 网上的图: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/8fbb89a7f524ccbff12184a0.html#