while循环和for循环都是入口条件循环,即在循环的每次迭代之前检查测试条件,所以有可能根本不执行循环体中的内容。C语言还有出口条件循环(exit-condition loop),即在循环的每次迭代之后检查测试条件,这保证了至少执行循环体中的内容一次。这种循环被称为do while循环。
看下面的例子:
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- const int secret_code = 13;
- int code_entered;
- do
- {
- printf("To enter the triskaidekaphobia therapy club,\n");
- printf("please enter the secret code number: ");
- scanf("%d", &code_entered);
- } while (code_entered != secret_code);
- printf("Congratulations! You are cured!\n");
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
- To enter the triskaidekaphobia therapy club,
- please enter the secret code number: 12
- To enter the triskaidekaphobia therapy club,
- please enter the secret code number: 14
- To enter the triskaidekaphobia therapy club,
- please enter the secret code number: 13
- Congratulations! You are cured!
使用while循环也能写出等价的程序,但是长一些,如程序清单6.16所示。
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- const int secret_code = 13;
- int code_entered;
- printf("To enter the triskaidekaphobia therapy club,\n");
- printf("please enter the secret code number: ");
- scanf("%d", &code_entered);
- while (code_entered != secret_code)
- {
- printf("To enter the triskaidekaphobia therapy club,\n");
- printf("please enter the secret code number: ");
- scanf("%d", &code_entered);
- }
- printf("Congratulations! You are cured!\n");
- return 0;
- }
下面是do while循环的通用形式:
- do
- statement
- while ( expression );
statement可以是一条简单语句或复合语句。注意,do-while循环以分号结尾。
Structure of a =do while= loop=
do-while循环在执行完循环体后才执行测试条件,所以至少执行循环体一次;而for循环或while循环都是在执行循环体之前先执行测试条件。do while循环适用于那些至少要迭代一次的循环。例如,下面是一个包含do while循环的密码程序伪代码:
- do
- {
- prompt for password
- read user input
- } while (input not equal to password);
避免使用这种形式的do-while结构:
- do
- {
- ask user if he or she wants to continue
- some clever stuff
- } while (answer is yes);
这样的结构导致用户在回答“no”之后,仍然执行“其他行为”部分,因为测试条件执行晚了。