本文转载自微信公众号「 Java识堂」,作者李立敏。转载本文请联系 Java识堂公众号。
介绍
先说一下什么是循环依赖,Spring在初始化A的时候需要注入B,而初始化B的时候需要注入A,在Spring启动后这2个Bean都要被初始化完成
Spring的循环依赖有两种场景
- 构造器的循环依赖
- 属性的循环依赖
构造器的循环依赖,可以在构造函数中使用@Lazy注解延迟加载。在注入依赖时,先注入代理对象,当首次使用时再创建对象完成注入
属性的循环依赖主要是通过3个map来解决的
构造器的循环依赖
- @Component
- public class ConstructorA {
- private ConstructorB constructorB;
- @Autowired
- public ConstructorA(ConstructorB constructorB) {
- this.constructorB = constructorB;
- }
- }
- @Component
- public class ConstructorB {
- private ConstructorA constructorA;
- @Autowired
- public ConstructorB(ConstructorA constructorA) {
- this.constructorA = constructorA;
- }
- }
- @Configuration
- @ComponentScan("com.javashitang.dependency.constructor")
- public class ConstructorConfig {
- }
- public class ConstructorMain {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
- new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConstructorConfig.class);
- System.out.println(context.getBean(ConstructorA.class));
- System.out.println(context.getBean(ConstructorB.class));
- }
- }
运行ConstructorMain的main方法的时候会在第一行就报异常,说明Spring没办法初始化所有的Bean,即上面这种形式的循环依赖Spring无法解决。
我们可以在ConstructorA或者ConstructorB构造函数的参数上加上@Lazy注解就可以解决
- @Autowired
- public ConstructorB(@Lazy ConstructorA constructorA) {
- this.constructorA = constructorA;
- }
因为我们主要关注属性的循环依赖,构造器的循环依赖就不做过多分析了
属性的循环依赖
先演示一下什么是属性的循环依赖
- @Component
- public class FieldA {
- @Autowired
- private FieldB fieldB;
- }
- @Component
- public class FieldB {
- @Autowired
- private FieldA fieldA;
- }
- @Configuration
- @ComponentScan("com.javashitang.dependency.field")
- public class FieldConfig {
- }
- public class FieldMain {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
- new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(FieldConfig.class);
- // com.javashitang.dependency.field.FieldA@3aa9e816
- System.out.println(context.getBean(FieldA.class));
- // com.javashitang.dependency.field.FieldB@17d99928
- System.out.println(context.getBean(FieldB.class));
- }
- }
Spring容器正常启动,能获取到FieldA和FieldB这2个Bean
属性的循环依赖在面试中还是经常被问到的。总体来说也不复杂,但是涉及到Spring Bean的初始化过程,所以感觉比较复杂,我写个demo演示一下整个过程
Spring的Bean的初始化过程其实比较复杂,为了方便理解Demo,我就把Spring Bean的初始化过程分为2部分
- bean的实例化过程,即调用构造函数将对象创建出来
- bean的初始化过程,即填充bean的各种属性
bean初始化过程完毕,则bean就能被正常创建出来了
下面开始写Demo,ObjectFactory接口用来生产Bean,和Spring中定义的接口一样
- public interface ObjectFactory<T> {
- T getObject();
- }
- public class DependencyDemo {
- // 初始化完毕的Bean
- private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects =
- new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
- // 正在初始化的Bean对应的工厂,此时对象已经被实例化
- private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories =
- new HashMap<>(16);
- // 存放正在初始化的Bean,对象还没有被实例化之前就放进来了
- private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =
- Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));
- public <T> T getBean(Class<T> beanClass) throws Exception {
- // 类名为Bean的名字
- String beanName = beanClass.getSimpleName();
- // 已经初始化好了,或者正在初始化
- Object initObj = getSingleton(beanName, true);
- if (initObj != null) {
- return (T) initObj;
- }
- // bean正在被初始化
- singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName);
- // 实例化bean
- Object object = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
- singletonFactories.put(beanName, () -> {
- return object;
- });
- // 开始初始化bean,即填充属性
- Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
- for (Field field : fields) {
- field.setAccessible(true);
- // 获取需要注入字段的class
- Class<?> fieldClass = field.getType();
- field.set(object, getBean(fieldClass));
- }
- // 初始化完毕
- singletonObjects.put(beanName, object);
- singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName);
- return (T) object;
- }
- /**
- * allowEarlyReference参数的含义是Spring是否允许循环依赖,默认为true
- * 所以当allowEarlyReference设置为false的时候,当项目存在循环依赖,会启动失败
- */
- public Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
- Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
- if (singletonObject == null
- && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
- synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
- if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
- ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory =
- this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
- if (singletonFactory != null) {
- singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return singletonObject;
- }
- /**
- * 判断bean是否正在被初始化
- */
- public boolean isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) {
- return this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.contains(beanName);
- }
- }
测试一波
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- DependencyDemo dependencyDemo = new DependencyDemo();
- // 假装扫描出来的对象
- Class[] classes = {A.class, B.class};
- // 假装项目初始化所有bean
- for (Class aClass : classes) {
- dependencyDemo.getBean(aClass);
- }
- // true
- System.out.println(
- dependencyDemo.getBean(B.class).getA() == dependencyDemo.getBean(A.class));
- // true
- System.out.println(
- dependencyDemo.getBean(A.class).getB() == dependencyDemo.getBean(B.class));
- }
是不是很简单?我们只用了2个map就搞定了Spring的循环依赖
2个Map就能搞定循环依赖,那为什么Spring要用3个Map呢?
原因其实也很简单,当我们从singletonFactories中根据BeanName获取相应的ObjectFactory,然后调用getObject()这个方法返回对应的Bean。在我们的例子中 ObjectFactory的实现很简单哈,就是将实例化好的对象直接返回,但是在Spring中就没有这么简单了,执行过程比较复杂,为了避免每次拿到ObjectFactory然后调用getObject(),我们直接把ObjectFactory创建的对象缓存起来不就行了,这样就能提高效率了
比如A依赖B和C,B和C又依赖A,如果不做缓存那么初始化B和C都会调用A对应的ObjectFactory的getObject()方法。如果做缓存只需要B或者C调用一次即可。
知道了思路,我们把上面的代码改一波,加个缓存。
- public class DependencyDemo {
- // 初始化完毕的Bean
- private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects =
- new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
- // 正在初始化的Bean对应的工厂,此时对象已经被实例化
- private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories =
- new HashMap<>(16);
- // 缓存Bean对应的工厂生产好的Bean
- private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects =
- new HashMap<>(16);
- // 存放正在初始化的Bean,对象还没有被实例化之前就放进来了
- private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =
- Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));
- public <T> T getBean(Class<T> beanClass) throws Exception {
- // 类名为Bean的名字
- String beanName = beanClass.getSimpleName();
- // 已经初始化好了,或者正在初始化
- Object initObj = getSingleton(beanName, true);
- if (initObj != null) {
- return (T) initObj;
- }
- // bean正在被初始化
- singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName);
- // 实例化bean
- Object object = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
- singletonFactories.put(beanName, () -> {
- return object;
- });
- // 开始初始化bean,即填充属性
- Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
- for (Field field : fields) {
- field.setAccessible(true);
- // 获取需要注入字段的class
- Class<?> fieldClass = field.getType();
- field.set(object, getBean(fieldClass));
- }
- singletonObjects.put(beanName, object);
- singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName);
- earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
- return (T) object;
- }
- /**
- * allowEarlyReference参数的含义是Spring是否允许循环依赖,默认为true
- */
- public Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
- Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
- if (singletonObject == null
- && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
- synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
- singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
- if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
- ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory =
- this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
- if (singletonFactory != null) {
- singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
- this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
- this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return singletonObject;
- }
- }
我们写的getSingleton的实现和org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton(java.lang.String, boolean)的实现一模一样,这个方法几乎所有分析Spring循环依赖的文章都会提到,这次你明白工作原理是什么了把
总结一波
拿bean的时候先从singletonObjects(一级缓存)中获取
如果获取不到,并且对象正在创建中,就从earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中获取
如果还是获取不到就从singletonFactories(三级缓存)中获取,然后将获取到的对象放到earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)中,并且将bean对应的singletonFactories(三级缓存)清除
bean初始化完毕,放到singletonObjects(一级缓存)中,将bean对应的earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)清除