本文谈谈MySQL的开发必会的sql语句
创建数据库
- create database db1;
删除数据库
- drop database db1;
创建数据表
- create table tb1用户表(
- id int not null auto_increment primary key,
- name char(10),
- department_id int,
- p_id int,
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
主键(primary key)一个表只能有一个主键,主键可以由一列或者多列组成
外键的创建
- CREATE TABLE t5 (
- nid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- pid int(11) not NULL,
- num int(11),
- primary key(nid,pid) --这里就是把两列设置成了主键
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
- create table t6(
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- name char(10),
- id1 int,
- id2 int,
- CONSTRAINT fk_t5_t6 foreign key (id1,id2) REFERENCES t1(nid,pid) --这里是设置外键
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
数据行的操作
数据的插入
- insert into tb1(name,age) values('ax',8);
- insert into tb12(name,age) select name,age from tb11;
表中的数据的删除
- delete from t1;
- truncate table t1;
- drop table t1
- delete from tb1 where id > 10
- delete from tb12 where id >=2 or name='alex'
数据的更新
- update tb1 set name='root' where id > 10
数据的查询
- select * from tb;
- select id,name from tb;
表结构的查看
- show create table t1;
- desc t1;
其他
- select * from tb12 where id != 1
- select * from tb12 where id in (1,5,12);
- select * from tb12 where id not in (1,5,12);
- select * from tb12 where id in (select id from tb11)
- select * from tb12 where id between 5 and 12;
通配符
- select * from tb12 where name like "a%"
- select * from tb12 where name like "a_"
分页
- select * from tb12 limit 10;
- select * from tb12 limit 0,10;
- select * from tb12 limit 10,10;
- select * from tb12 limit 20,10;
- select * from tb12 limit 10 offset 20;
- # page = input('请输入要查看的页码')
- # page = int(page)
- # (page-1) * 10
- # select * from tb12 limit 0,10; 1
- # select * from tb12 limit 10,10;2
排序
- select * from tb12 order by id desc; 大到小
- select * from tb12 order by id asc; 小到大
- select * from tb12 order by age desc,id desc;
- 取后10条数据
- select * from tb12 order by id desc limit 10;
分组
- select count(id),max(id),part_id from userinfo5 group by part_id;
- 聚合函数有下面几个:
- count
- max
- min
- sum
- avg
- **** 如果对于聚合函数结果进行二次筛选时?必须使用having ****
- select count(id),part_id from userinfo5 group by part_id having count(id) > 1;
- select count(id),part_id from userinfo5 where id > 0 group by part_id having count(id) > 1;
自增值设置
表自增值的设置
- alter table t1 auto_increment=20;
- -- 这个就表示从开始20开始算,用上面的show create table t1\G 就可以看到当前的值是多少。
基于会话级别
- -- 查看当前的会话值
- show session variables like 'auto_incre%'
- -- 设置会话步长
- set session auto_increment_increment=2;
- -- 设置起始值
- set session auto_increment_offset=10;
基于全局设置
- -- 查看全局的设置值
- show global variables like 'auto_inc%';
- -- 设置全局步长值
- set global auto_increment_increment=3;
- -- 设置起始值
- set global auto_increment_offset=11;
sql server 是在创建表的时候就可以自己设置,灵活度很高REATE TABLE t5 (nid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,pid int(11) NOT NULL,num int(11) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (nid,pid)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4, 步长=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
CREATE TABLE `t6` (
nid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,pid int(11) NOT NULL,num int(11) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (nid,pid)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4, 步长=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
唯一索引
- create table t1(
- id int,
- num int,
- xx int,
- unique qu1 (num ,xx) -- 意思就是这两列在一行上面数据不能相同,例如都是1,1,就不行
- );
唯一索引:约束不能重复(可以为空)主键索引:约束不能重复(不可以为空)他们的特点都是加速查询
外键一对一
- create table userinfo1(
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- name char(10),
- gender char(10),
- email varchar(64)
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
- create table admin(
- id int not null auto_increment primary key,
- username varchar(64) not null,
- password VARCHAR(64) not null,
- user_id int not null,
- unique uq_u1 (user_id),
- CONSTRAINT fk_admin_u1 FOREIGN key (user_id) REFERENCES userinfo1(id)
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
外键多对多
- 示例1:
- 用户表
- 相亲表
- 示例2:
- 用户表
- 主机表
- 用户主机关系表
- ===》多对多
- create table userinfo2(
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- name char(10),
- gender char(10),
- email varchar(64)
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
- create table host(
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- hostname char(64)
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
- create table user2host(
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- userid int not null,
- hostid int not null,
- unique uq_user_host (userid,hostid),
- CONSTRAINT fk_u2h_user FOREIGN key (userid) REFERENCES userinfo2(id),
- CONSTRAINT fk_u2h_host FOREIGN key (hostid) REFERENCES host(id)
- )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
连表操作
- select * from userinfo5,department5
- select * from userinfo5,department5 where userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- select * from userinfo5 left join department5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- select * from department5 left join userinfo5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- # userinfo5左边全部显示
- # select * from userinfo5 right join department5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- # department5右边全部显示
- select * from userinfo5 innder join department5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- 将出现null时一行隐藏
- select * from
- department5
- left join userinfo5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- left join userinfo6 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id
- select
- score.sid,
- student.sid
- from
- score
- left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
- left join course on score.course_id = course.cid
- left join class on student.class_id = class.cid
- left join teacher on course.teacher_id=teacher.ti
- select count(id) from userinfo5;