写在前面
为什么会写这篇文章,起因于和朋友的聊天
这又触及到我的知识盲区了,首先来一波面向百度学习,直接根据关键字httpclient和okhttp的区别、性能比较进行搜索,没有找到想要的答案,于是就去overstackflow上看看是不是有人问过这个问题,果然不会让你失望的
所以从使用、性能、超时配置方面进行比较
使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于调用其它服务,一般服务暴露出来的接口都为http,http常用请求类型就为GET、PUT、POST和DELETE,因此主要介绍这些请求类型的调用
HttpClient使用介绍
使用HttpClient发送请求主要分为以下几步骤:
- 创建 CloseableHttpClient对象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient对象,前者同步,后者为异步
- 创建Http请求对象
- 调用execute方法执行请求,如果是异步请求在执行之前需调用start方法
创建连接:
- CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
该连接为同步连接
GET请求:
- @Test
- public void testGet() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
- }
使用HttpGet表示该连接为GET请求,HttpClient调用execute方法发送GET请求
PUT请求:
- @Test
- public void testPut() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/user";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
- UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
- httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
- httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
- }
POST请求:
添加对象
- @Test
- public void testPost() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/user";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
- UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
- httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
- httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
- }
该请求是一个创建对象的请求,需要传入一个json字符串
上传文件
- @Test
- public void testUpload1() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
- File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf");
- FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
- MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
- builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
- builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上传文件
- HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
- httpPost.setEntity(entity);
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
- }
通过addPart上传文件
DELETE请求:
- @Test
- public void testDelete() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/user/12";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
- }
请求的取消:
- @Test
- public void testCancel() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
- httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
- //测试连接的取消
- long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
- while (true) {
- if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
- httpGet.abort();
- System.out.println("task canceled");
- break;
- }
- }
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
- }
调用abort方法取消请求 执行结果:
- task canceled
- cost 8098 msc
- Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'
- java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp发送请求主要分为以下几步骤:
- 创建OkHttpClient对象
- 创建Request对象
- 将Request 对象封装为Call
- 通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求,调用execute方法同步执行,调用enqueue方法异步执行
创建连接:
- private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
GET请求:
- @Test
- public void testGet() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(url)
- .get()
- .build();
- final Call call = client.newCall(request);
- Response response = call.execute();
- System.out.println(response.body().string());
- }
PUT请求:
- @Test
- public void testPut() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/user";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- //请求参数
- UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
- RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
- JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(url)
- .put(requestBody)
- .build();
- final Call call = client.newCall(request);
- Response response = call.execute();
- System.out.println(response.body().string());
- }
POST请求:
添加对象
- @Test
- public void testPost() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/user";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- //请求参数
- JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
- json.put("name", "hetiantian");
- RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json));
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(url)
- .post(requestBody) //post请求
- .build();
- final Call call = client.newCall(request);
- Response response = call.execute();
- System.out.println(response.body().string());
- }
上传文件
- @Test
- public void testUpload() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
- .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
- .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf",
- RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
- new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf")))
- .build();
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(url)
- .post(requestBody) //默认为GET请求,可以不写
- .build();
- final Call call = client.newCall(request);
- Response response = call.execute();
- System.out.println(response.body().string());
- }
通过addFormDataPart方法模拟表单方式上传文件
DELETE请求:
- @Test
- public void testDelete() throws IOException {
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- //请求参数
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(url)
- .delete()
- .build();
- final Call call = client.newCall(request);
- Response response = call.execute();
- System.out.println(response.body().string());
- }
请求的取消:
- @Test
- public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(url)
- .get()
- .build();
- final Call call = client.newCall(request);
- Response response = call.execute();
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- //测试连接的取消
- while (true) {
- //1分钟获取不到结果就取消请求
- if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
- call.cancel();
- System.out.println("task canceled");
- break;
- }
- }
- System.out.println(response.body().string());
- }
调用cancel方法进行取消 测试结果:
- task canceled
- cost 9110 msc
- java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
小结
OkHttp使用build模式创建对象来的更简洁一些,并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示请求类型,不需要像HttpClient创建HttpGet、HttpPost等这些方法来创建请求类型
依赖包上,如果HttpClient需要发送异步请求、实现文件上传,需要额外的引入异步请求依赖
- <!---文件上传-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
- <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
- <version>4.5.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <!--异步请求-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
- <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
- <version>4.5.3</version>
- </dependency>
请求的取消,HttpClient使用abort方法,OkHttp使用cancel方法,都挺简单的,如果使用的是异步client,则在抛出异常时调用取消请求的方法即可
超时设置
HttpClient超时设置:
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上,超时设置通过RequestConfig进行设置
- private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
- private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
- .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
- .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
- String api = "/api/files/1";
- String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
- HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
- httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
超时时间是设置在请求类型HttpGet上,而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超时设置:
直接在OkHttp上进行设置
- private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
- .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间
- .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间
- .build();
小结:
如果client是单例模式,HttpClient在设置超时方面来的更灵活,针对不同请求类型设置不同的超时时间,OkHttp一旦设置了超时时间,所有请求类型的超时时间也就确定
HttpClient和OkHttp性能比较
测试环境:
- CPU 六核
- 内存 8G
- windows10
每种测试用例都测试五次,排除偶然性
client连接为单例:
client连接不为单例:
单例模式下,HttpClient的响应速度要更快一些,单位为毫秒,性能差异相差不大
非单例模式下,OkHttp的性能更好,HttpClient创建连接比较耗时,因为多数情况下这些资源都会写成单例模式,因此图一的测试结果更具有参考价值
总结
OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲,根据实际业务选择即可
示例代码
https://github.com/TiantianUpup/http-call