随着Office 365 在中国的迅速普及,越来越多的公司开始使用Office 365及相关服务。能够熟练使用并管理Office 365 就成为广大公司IT管理员的一个必备技能。
今天我们就来介绍一种较为安全便捷的方式的连接Office 365 Online,即在PowerShell界面,通过加密用户名和密码的方式连接Office 365 Online。那我们使用PowerShell对Office 365 Online进行远程管理,有如下优点:
- Office 365 拥有仅可使用 Office 365 PowerShell 配置的功能
- Office 365 PowerShell 善于执行批量操作
- Office 365 PowerShell 善于筛选数据
- Office 365 PowerShell 方便打印或保存数据
- Office 365 PowerShell 支持跨服务器产品管理
- Office 365 PowerShell 会显示无法通过 Microsoft 365 管理中心看到的其他信息
在连接过程中,如果用户名和密码以明文形式输入,就会带来安全风险。如果采用以下PowerShell脚本就可以避免这个缺点:预先定义两个函数,分别用于加密和解密字符串;然后检查本地是否存在已经加密的用户名和密码文件,如果没有,提示用户输入用户名和密码,并将其以密文形式存到本地;最后,读取本地加密的用户名和密码,并将其解密,用于远程连接Office 365 Online。
脚本代码分为以下三个部分介绍给大家。
第一部分,定义加密和解密的函数。
- # This function is to encrypt a string.
- function Encrypt-String($String, $Passphrase, $salt="SaltCrypto", $init="IV_Password", [switch]$arrayOutput)
- {
- $r = new-Object System.Security.Cryptography.RijndaelManaged
- $pass = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($Passphrase)
- $salt = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($salt)
- $r.Key = (new-Object `
- Security.Cryptography.PasswordDeriveBytes $pass, $salt, "SHA1", 5).GetBytes(32)
- $r.IV = (new-Object `
- Security.Cryptography.SHA1Managed).ComputeHash `
- [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($init) )[0..15]
- $c = $r.CreateEncryptor()
- $ms = new-Object IO.MemoryStream
- $cs = new-Object Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream $ms,$c,"Write"
- $sw = new-Object IO.StreamWriter $cs
- $sw.Write($String)
- $sw.Close()
- $cs.Close()
- $ms.Close()
- $r.Clear()
- [byte[]]$result = $ms.ToArray()
- return [Convert]::ToBase64String($result)
- }
- # This function is to de-encrypt a string.
- function Decrypt-String($Encrypted, $Passphrase, $salt="SaltCrypto", $init="IV_Password")
- {
- if($Encrypted -is [string]){
- $Encrypted = [Convert]::FromBase64String($Encrypted)
- }
- $r = new-Object System.Security.Cryptography.RijndaelManaged
- $pass = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($Passphrase)
- $salt = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($salt)
- $r.Key = (new-Object Security.Cryptography.PasswordDeriveBytes `
- $pass, $salt, "SHA1", 5).GetBytes(32)
- $r.IV = (new-Object `
- Security.Cryptography.SHA1Managed).ComputeHash `
- ( [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($init) )[0..15]
- $d = $r.CreateDecryptor()
- $ms = new-Object IO.MemoryStream @(,$Encrypted)
- $cs = new-Object Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream $ms,$d,"Read"
- $sr = new-Object IO.StreamReader $cs
- Write-Output $sr.ReadToEnd()
- $sr.Close()
- $cs.Close()
- $ms.Close()
- $r.Clear()
- }
- Clear-Host
第二部分,从本地的文本文件中读取加密的Office 365用户名和密码。只第一次需要手工输入用户名和密码,然后将加密的用户名和密码以密文形式存储到本地磁盘。此后无需输入。
- #Try to read the encrypted user name and password from the specific path, if there are, read and de-encrypt them. If there are not, prompt for input and encrypt them.
- $uencrypted = Get-Content -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Path 'C:\$Home\Desktop\Username.txt'
- $pencrypted = Get-Content -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Path 'C:\$Home\Desktop\password.txt'
- If ($null -ne $uencrypted -and $null -ne $pencrypted)
- {
- $udecrypted = Decrypt-String $uencrypted "U_MyStrongPassword"
- $pdecrypted = Decrypt-String $pencrypted "P_MyStrongPassword"
- $pdecrypted = ConvertTo-SecureString $pdecrypted -AsPlainText -Force
- }
- Else
- {
- $ustring = read-host "Please Enter Office 365 User name"
- $pstring = read-host "Please Enter Office 365 User Password"
- $uencrypted = Encrypt-String $ustring "U_MyStrongPassword"
- $uencrypted | Out-File "$HOME\Desktop\Username.txt"
- write-host "Store the encrypted Username successfully!"
- $pencrypted = Encrypt-String $pstring "P_MyStrongPassword"
- $pencrypted | Out-File "$HOME\Desktop\password.txt"
- write-host "Store the encrypted password successfully!"
- $udecrypted = Decrypt-String $uencrypted "U_MyStrongPassword"
- $pdecrypted = Decrypt-String $pencrypted "P_MyStrongPassword"
- $pdecrypted = ConvertTo-SecureString $pdecrypted -AsPlainText -Force
- }
第三部分,连接Office 365 Online。 执行以下命令后,就可以在PowerShell下,远程管理Office 365 Exchange Online了。
- #Connect to Office 365 online or Azure
- $LiveCred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $udecrypted, $pdecrypted
- $Session = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange `
- -ConnectionUri https://partner.outlook.cn/powershell -Credential $LiveCred `
- -Authentication Basic –AllowRedirection -ErrorAction Stop `
- -Name "$($Credential.UserName)"
- Import-PSSession $Session
- Connect-MsolService –Credential $LiveCred -AzureEnvironment AzureChinaCloud
注意:执行最后一个命令,需要预先安装Microsoft Online Services Sign-In Assistant。安装方法可自行百度,本篇不做介绍。