前言:
日常工作或学习过程中,我们可能会经常用到某些SQL,建议大家多多整理记录下这些常用的SQL,这样后续用到会方便很多。笔者在工作及学习过程中也整理了下个人常用的SQL,现在分享给你!可能有些SQL你还不常用,但还是希望对你有所帮助,说不定某日有需求就可以用到。
注:下文分享的SQL适用于MySQL 5.7 版本,低版本可能稍许不同。有些SQL可能执行需要较高权限。
1.show相关语句
- # 查看实例参数 例如:
- show variables like '%innodb%';
- show global variables like '%innodb%';
- # 查看实例状态,例如:
- show status like 'uptime%';
- show global status like 'connection%';
- # 查看数据库链接:
- show processlist;
- show full processlist;
- # 查询某个表的结构:
- show create table tb_name;
- # 查询某个表的详细字段信息:
- show full columns from tb_name;
- # 查询某个表的全部索引信息:
- show index from tb_name;
- # 查询某个库以cd开头的表:
- show tables like 'cd%';
- # 查询某个库中的所有视图:
- show table status where comment='view';
- # 查询某个用户的权限:
- show grants for 'test_user'@'%';
2.查看账户相关信息
- # 这里先介绍下CONCAT函数:在MySQL中 CONCAT()函数用于将多个字符串连接成一个字符串,
- 利用此函数我们可以将原来一步无法得到的sql拼接出来,后面部分语句有用到该函数。
- # 当拼接字符串中出现''时 需使用\转义符
- # 查看所有用户名:
- SELECT DISTINCT
- CONCAT(
- 'User: \'',
- user,
- '\'@\'',
- host,
- '\';'
- ) AS QUERY
- FROM
- mysql.user;
- # 查看用户详细信息:
- SELECT user,
- host,
- authentication_string,
- password_expired,
- password_lifetime,
- password_last_changed,
- account_locked
- FROM
- mysql.user;
3.KILL数据库链接
- # 下面列举SQL只是拼接出kill 链接的语句,若想执行 直接将结果复制执行即可。
- # 杀掉空闲时间大于2000s的链接:
- SELECT
- concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' )
- FROM
- information_schema.`PROCESSLIST`
- WHERE
- Command = 'Sleep'
- AND TIME > 2000;
- # 杀掉处于某状态的链接:
- SELECT
- concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' )
- FROM
- information_schema.`PROCESSLIST`
- WHERE
- STATE LIKE 'Creating sort index';
- # 杀掉某个用户的链接:
- SELECT
- concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' )
- FROM
- information_schema.`PROCESSLIST`
- WHERE
- where user='root';
4.拼接创建数据库或用户语句
- # 拼接创建数据库语句(排除系统库):
- SELECT
- CONCAT(
- 'create database ',
- '`',
- SCHEMA_NAME,
- '`',
- ' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ',
- DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME,
- ';'
- ) AS CreateDatabaseQuery
- FROM
- information_schema.SCHEMATA
- WHERE
- SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN (
- 'information_schema',
- 'performance_schema',
- 'mysql',
- 'sys'
- );
- # 拼接创建用户语句(排除系统用户):
- SELECT
- CONCAT(
- 'create user \'',
- user,
- '\'@\'',
- Host,
- '\''
- ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
- authentication_string,
- '\';'
- ) AS CreateUserQuery
- FROM
- mysql.`user`
- WHERE
- `User` NOT IN (
- 'root',
- 'mysql.session',
- 'mysql.sys'
- );
- # 有密码字符串哦 在其他实例执行 可直接创建出与本实例相同密码的用户。
5.查看库或表大小
- # 查看整个实例占用空间大小:
- SELECT
- concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,
- concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES`;
- # 查看各个库占用大小:
- SELECT
- TABLE_SCHEMA,
- concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( data_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), ' MB' ) AS data_size,
- concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( index_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_size
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES`
- GROUP BY
- TABLE_SCHEMA;
- # 查看单个库占用空间大小:
- SELECT
- concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,
- concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES`
- WHERE
- table_schema = 'test_db';
- # 查看单个表占用空间大小:
- SELECT
- concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,
- concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES`
- WHERE
- table_schema = 'test_db'
- AND table_name = 'tbname';
6.查看表碎片及收缩语句
- # 查看某个库下所有表的碎片情况:
- SELECT
- t.TABLE_SCHEMA,
- t.TABLE_NAME,
- t.TABLE_ROWS,
- concat( round( t.DATA_LENGTH / 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'M' ) AS size,
- t.INDEX_LENGTH,
- concat( round( t.DATA_FREE / 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'M' ) AS datafree
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES` t
- WHERE
- t.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test_db'
- ORDER BY
- datafree DESC;
- # 收缩表,减少碎片:
- alter table tb_name engine = innodb;
- optimize table tb_name;
7.查找无主键表
- # 查找某一个库无主键表:
- SELECT
- table_schema,
- table_name
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES`
- WHERE
- table_schema = 'test_db'
- AND TABLE_NAME NOT IN (
- SELECT
- table_name
- FROM
- information_schema.table_constraints t
- JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage k USING (
- constraint_name,
- table_schema,
- table_name
- )
- WHERE
- t.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'
- AND t.table_schema = 'test_db'
- );
- # 查找除系统库外 无主键表:
- SELECT
- t1.table_schema,
- t1.table_name
- FROM
- information_schema.`TABLES` t1
- LEFT OUTER JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS t2 ON t1.table_schema = t2.TABLE_SCHEMA
- AND t1.table_name = t2.TABLE_NAME
- AND t2.CONSTRAINT_NAME IN ('PRIMARY')
- WHERE
- t2.table_name IS NULL
- AND t1.TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN (
- 'information_schema',
- 'performance_schema',
- 'mysql',
- 'sys'
- ) ;
总结:
希望这些SQL语句能对你有所帮助,可以收藏一下,说不定某次就用到了呢!