一、HttpServletRequest介绍
HttpServletRequest对象代表客户端的请求,当客户端通过HTTP协议访问服务器时,HTTP请求头中的所有信息都封装在这个对象中,通过这个对象提供的方法,可以获得客户端请求的所有信息。
二、jsp页面引入js,css文件的方式
在eclipse中新建一个web项目,目录结构如下:
在jsp页面的最开始,获取项目的根路径:
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
在中,插入下述代码:
- <base href="<%=basePath%>" />
这句代码的作用是将整个页面的根路径设置为项目路径。
三、Request常用方法
1、获得客户机信息
getRequestURL()返回客户端发出请求时的完整URL。getRequestURI()返回请求行中的资源名部分。getQueryString ()返回请求行中的参数部分。getRemoteAddr()返回发出请求的客户机的IP地址。getPathInfo()返回请求URL中的额外路径信息。额外路径信息是请求URL中的位于Servlet的路径之后和查询参数之前的内容,它以"/"开头。getRemoteHost()返回发出请求的客户机的完整主机名。getRemotePort()返回客户机所使用的网络端口号。getLocalAddr()返回WEB服务器的IP地址。getLocalName()返回WEB服务器的主机名。
- private void RequestMessages(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
- String reqUrl = req.getRequestURL().toString();//得到请求的URL地址
- String reqUri = req.getRequestURI();//得到请求的资源
- String queryString = req.getQueryString();//得到请求的URL地址中附带的参数
- String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();//得到来访者的IP地址
- String remoteHost = req.getRemoteHost();
- int remotePort = req.getRemotePort();
- String remoteUser = req.getRemoteUser();
- String method = req.getMethod();//得到请求URL地址时使用的方法
- String pathInfo = req.getPathInfo();
- String localAddr = req.getLocalAddr();//获取WEB服务器的IP地址
- String localName = req.getLocalName();//获取WEB服务器的主机名
- resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置将字符以"UTF-8"编码输出到客户端浏览器
- //通过设置响应头控制浏览器以UTF-8的编码显示数据,如果不加这句话,那么浏览器显示的将是乱码
- resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
- out.write("获取到的客户机信息如下:");
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("请求的URL地址:"+reqUrl);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("请求的资源:"+reqUri);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("请求的URL地址中附带的参数:"+queryString);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("来访者的IP地址:"+remoteAddr);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("来访者的主机名:"+remoteHost);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("使用的端口号:"+remotePort);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("remoteUser:"+remoteUser);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("请求使用的方法:"+method);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("pathInfo:"+pathInfo);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("localAddr:"+localAddr);
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("localName:"+localName);
- }
2、获得客户机请求头
- getHeader(string name)方法:String
- getHeaders(String name)方法:Enumeration
- getHeaderNames()方法
- private void RequestHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
- resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置将字符以"UTF-8"编码输出到客户端浏览器
- //通过设置响应头控制浏览器以UTF-8的编码显示数据
- resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
- Enumeration<String> reqHeadInfos = req.getHeaderNames();//获取所有的请求头
- out.write("获取到的客户端所有的请求头信息如下:");
- out.write("<br/>");
- while (reqHeadInfos.hasMoreElements()) {
- String headName = (String) reqHeadInfos.nextElement();
- String headValue = req.getHeader(headName);//根据请求头的名字获取对应的请求头的值
- out.write(headName+":"+headValue);
- out.write("<br/>");
- }
- out.write("<br/>");
- out.write("获取到的客户端Accept-Encoding请求头的值:");
- out.write("<br/>");
- String value = req.getHeader("Accept-Encoding");//获取Accept-Encoding请求头对应的值
- out.write(value);
- Enumeration<String> e = req.getHeaders("Accept-Encoding");
- while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
- String string = (String) e.nextElement();
- System.out.println(string);
- }
- }
3、获得客户机请求参数
getParameter(String name)根据name获取请求参数(常用)getParameterValues(String name)根据name获取请求参数列表(常用)getParameterMap()返回的是一个Map类型的值,该返回值记录着前端(如jsp页面)所提交请求中的请求参数和请求参数值的映射关系。(编写框架时常用)
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>" />
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
- <title>表单提交</title>
- <link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
- <script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/GetParameterRequest.html" role="form" method="post">
- <div class="form-group">
- <label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
- <div class="col-sm-3">
- <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
- placeholder="请输入名字">
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="form-group">
- <label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">年龄</label>
- <div class="col-sm-3">
- <input type="text" class="form-control" name="age"
- placeholder="请输年龄">
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="form-group">
- <label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">性别</label>
- <div class="col-sm-3">
- <input type="radio" name="sex" value="男" checked>男
- <input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="form-group">
- <label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">爱好</label>
- <div class="col-sm-3">
- <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="唱歌">唱歌
- <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="上网">上网
- <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="游戏">游戏
- <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="看书">看书
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="form-group">
- <div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
- <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
- <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
- </div>
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
使用getParameter方法和getParameterValues方法接收表单参数:
- public class GetParameterRequest extends HttpServlet{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doPost(req, resp);
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- //客户端是以UTF-8编码提交表单数据的,所以需要设置服务器端以UTF-8的编码进行接收,否则对于中文数据就会产生乱码
- req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- //获取名字
- String name = req.getParameter("name");
- //获取年龄
- String age = req.getParameter("age");
- //获取性别
- String sex = req.getParameter("sex");
- //获取爱好,因为可以选中多个值,所以获取到的值是一个字符串数组,因此需要使用getParameterValues方法来获取
- String[] aihaos = req.getParameterValues("aihao");
- String aihao = "";
- if(aihaos != null){
- for (int i = 0; i < aihaos.length; i++) {
- if(i == aihaos.length - 1){
- aihao += aihaos[i];
- } else {
- aihao += aihaos[i] + ",";
- }
- }
- }
- System.out.println("名字:" + name);
- System.out.println("年龄:" + age);
- System.out.println("性别:" + sex);
- System.out.println("爱好:" + aihao);
- req.setAttribute("aihao", aihao);
- //设置服务器端以UTF-8编码输出数据到客户端
- resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/request.jsp").forward(req, resp);
- }
- }
响应页面:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>" />
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
- <title>表单提交</title>
- <link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
- <script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <table class="table">
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>名称</th>
- <th>结果</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>姓名</td>
- <td><%=request.getParameter("name") %></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>年龄</td>
- <td><%=request.getParameter("age") %></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>性别</td>
- <td><%=request.getParameter("sex") %></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>爱好</td>
- <td><%=request.getAttribute("aihao") %></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </body>
- </html>
提交如下表单:
后台打印:
运行结果如下:
四、request接收表单提交中文参数乱码问题
1、以POST方式提交表单中文参数的乱码问题
有如下表单:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>" />
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
- <title>表单提交</title>
- <link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
- <script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/PostRequest.html" role="form" method="post">
- <div class="form-group">
- <label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
- <div class="col-sm-3">
- <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
- placeholder="请输入名字">
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="form-group">
- <div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
- <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
- <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
- </div>
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
后台接收参数:
- public class PostRequest extends HttpServlet{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doPost(req, resp);
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String name = req.getParameter("name");
- System.out.println("名字:" + name);
- }
- }
提交数据:
运行结果:
之所以会产生乱码,就是因为服务器和客户端沟通的编码不一致造成的,因此解决的办法是:在客户端和服务器之间设置一个统一的编码,之后就按照此编码进行数据的传输和接收。
由于客户端是以UTF-8字符编码将表单数据传输到服务器端的,因此服务器也需要设置以UTF-8字符编码进行接收,通过setCharacterEncoding方法统一编码格式:
- public class PostRequest extends HttpServlet{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doPost(req, resp);
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- //设置服务器以UTF-8的编码接收数据
- req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- String name = req.getParameter("name");
- System.out.println("名字:" + name);
- }
- }
重新提交表单,中文乱码解决:
2、以GET方式提交表单中文参数的乱码问题
有如下表单:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
- + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
- + path + "/";
- %>
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>" />
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
- <title>表单提交</title>
- <link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
- <script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/GetRequest.html" role="form" method="get">
- <div class="form-group">
- <label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
- <div class="col-sm-3">
- <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
- placeholder="请输入名字">
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="form-group">
- <div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
- <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
- <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
- </div>
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
后台接收参数:
- public class GetRequest extends HttpServlet{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doPost(req, resp);
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String name = req.getParameter("name");
- System.out.println("名字:" + name);
- }
- }
提交数据:
运行结果:
之所以会产生乱码,对于以get方式传输的数据,默认的还是使用ISO8859-1这个字符编码来接收数据,客户端以UTF-8的编码传输数据到服务器端,而服务器端的request对象使用的是ISO8859-1这个字符编码来接收数据,服务器和客户端沟通的编码不一致因此才会产生中文乱码的。
解决方法:
在接收到数据后,先获取request对象以ISO8859-1字符编码接收到的原始数据的字节数组,然后通过字节数组以指定的编码构建字符串
- public class GetRequest extends HttpServlet{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doPost(req, resp);
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String name = req.getParameter("name");
- //以ISO8859-1字符编码接收到的原始数据的字节数组,然后通过字节数组以指定的编码构建字符串
- name = new String(name.getBytes("ISO8859-1") , "UTF-8");
- System.out.println("名字:" + name);
- }
- }