以手动方式安装和升级***的 Linux 内核对于每个人来说都不是一件小事，甚至包括一些有经验的人也是如此。它需要对 Linux 内核有深入的了解。过去我们已经介绍了 UKUU(Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility)，它可以从 kernel.ubuntu.com 网站上自动检测***的主线内核，并弹出一个不错的窗口界面进行安装。
Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)提供一组 shell 脚本(三个 Shell 脚本)，可以帮助用户从 kernel.org 获取并编译和安装***的 Linux 内核，也可以从 kernel.ubuntu.com 获取安装***的预编译的 Ubuntu 内核。甚至可以根据需要选择所需的内核(手动内核选择)。
该脚本还将根据 PGP 签名文件检查下载的归档文件，并且可以选择通用和低延迟版内核。
建议阅读：ukuu：一种在基于 Ubuntu 的系统上轻松安装升级 Linux 内核的方式
它可以删除或清除所有非活动的内核，并且不会为了安全目的留下备份的内核。强烈建议在执行此脚本之前重新启动一次。
- compile_linux_kernel.sh ：用户可以从 kernel.org 编译和安装所需的或***的内核
- update_ubuntu_kernel.sh ：用户可以从 kernel.ubuntu.com 安装并更新所需或***的预编译 Ubuntu 内核
- remove_old_kernels.sh ：这将删除或清除所有非活动内核，并且只保留当前加载的版本
kernel.org 有固定的发布周期(每三个月一次)，发布的内核包括了新的功能，改进了硬件和系统性能。由于它具有标准的发布周期，除了滚动发布的版本(如 Arch Linux，openSUSE Tumbleweed 等)，大多数发行版都不提供***的内核。
如何安装 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)
正如我们在文章的开头所说的，它的 shell 脚本集只是克隆开发人员的 github 仓库并运行相应的 shell 文件来执行这个过程。
- $ git clone https://github.com/mtompkins/linux-kernel-utilities.git && cd linux-kernel-utilities
安装指定版本内核
为了测试的目的，我们将安装 Linux v4.4.10-xenial 内核。在安装新内核之前，我们需要通过 uanme -a 命令检查当前安装的内核版本，以便我们可以检查新内核是否可以安装。
- $ uname -a
- Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 18 18:33:37 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
根据上面的输出，我们的系统使用的是 4.4.0-21 通用内核。
只需运行 update_ubuntu_kernel.sh shell 脚本。***次运行脚本时会检查是否满足所有的依赖关系，然后自动安装缺少的依赖项。它会检测系统使用的发行版，并检索 kernel.ubuntu.com 中可用的预编译内核。现在，从列表中选择你需要的内核并输入序号，然后按回车键，它将下载内核映像(linux-headers-4.4.10，linux-headers-4.4.10-xxx-generic 和 linux-image-4.4.10-xxx-generic)。
一旦内核镜像被下载，它将要求输入 sudo 密码来启动新内核的安装。
- $ ./update_ubuntu_kernel.sh
- [+] Checking Distro
- \_ Distro identified as LinuxMint.
- [+] Checking Dependencies
- curl Found
- dkms Found
- git Found
- sudo Found
- wget Found
- whiptail Found
- lynx Not Found
- -- Installing Dependencies --
- [!] The first time this script is run missing dependencies will be installed.
- For compiling a kernel this may take a bit of time. Feedback will be provided.
- [+] Dependencies
- \_Elevating permissions as necessary . . .
- [%] Elevated
- [+] Testing for previous held packages and trying to correct any found.
- \_Passed
- [+] Updating package cache . . .
- \_Complete
- [+] Installing dependencies . . .
- \_Complete
- curl Found
- dkms Found
- git Found
- sudo Found
- wget Found
- whiptail Found
- lynx Found
- [+] Changing to temporary directory to work in . . .
- \_ Temporary directory access granted: /tmp/tmp.97eHDsmg2K
- [+] Removing any conflicting remnants . . .
- \_ Done
- [+] Retrieving available kernel choices . . .
- \_ Precompiled kernels available from kernel.ubuntu.com:
- 1) Linux v4.11 2) Linux v4.11.3 3) Linux v4.11.2 4) Linux v4.11.1
- 5) Linux v4.10 6) Linux v4.10.17 7) Linux v4.10.16 8) Linux v4.10.15
- 9) Linux v4.10.14 10) Linux v4.10.13 11) Linux v4.10.12
- [ 节略 ……]
- 249) Linux v4.0.3-wily 250) Linux v4.0.2-wily 251) Linux v4.0.1-wily 252) Linux v4.0-vivid
- Select your desired kernel: 158
- Do you want the lowlatency kernel? (y/[n]):
- [+] Processing selection
- \_ Determining CPU type: amd64
- \_ Locating source of v4.4.10-xenial generic kernel packages.
- \_ Done
- [+] Checking AntiVirus flag and disabling if necessary
- [+] Installing kernel . . .
- [sudo] password for magi:
- Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.10-040410.
- (Reading database ... 230647 files and directories currently installed.)
- Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.4.10-040410_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_all.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic.
- Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic.
- Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_amd64.deb ...
- Done.
- Unpacking linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Setting up linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Setting up linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Setting up linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Running depmod.
- update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
- Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Warning: No support for locale: en_IN
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Generating grub configuration file ...
- Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
- done
- \_ Done
安装后需要重新启动以使用新安装的内核。
- $ sudo reboot now
现在，你正在使用的就是新安装的 4.4.10-040410-generic 版本内核。
- $ uname -a
- Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.4.10-040410-generic #201605110631 SMP Wed May 11 10:33:23 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
安装***版本内核
过程与上述相同，它将自动安装***版本的内核。
- $ ./update_ubuntu_kernel.sh --latest
- [+] Checking Distro
- \_ Distro identified as LinuxMint.
- [+] Checking Dependencies
- curl Found
- dkms Found
- git Found
- sudo Found
- wget Found
- whiptail Found
- lynx Found
- [+] Changing to temporary directory to work in . . .
- \_ Temporary directory access granted: /tmp/tmp.pLPYmCze6S
- [+] Removing any conflicting remnants . . .
- \_ Done
- [+] Retrieving available kernel choices . . .
- \_ Precompiled kernels available from kernel.ubuntu.com:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.11.3-041103-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.11.3-041103-generic
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
- done
- \_ Done
安装后需要重新启动以使用新安装的内核。
- $ sudo reboot now
现在，你正在使用的就是***版本 4.11.3-041103-generic 的内核。
- $ uname -a
- Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.11.3-041103-generic #201705251233 SMP Thu May 25 16:34:52 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
删除或清除旧内核
只需要运行 remove_old_kernels.sh shell 脚本即可删除或清除所有非活动状态的内核。
- $ ./remove_old_kernels.sh
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- +++ W A R N I N G +++
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- A reboot is recommended before running this script to ensure the current kernel tagged
- as the boot kernel is indeed registered and old kernels properly marked for removal.
- If you have just installed or modified your existing kernel and do not reboot before
- running this script it may render you system INOPERABLE and that would indeed suck.
- You have been warned.
- ~the Mgmt
- [?]Continue to automagically remove ALL old kernels? (y/N)y
- \_ Removing ALL old kernels . . .
- [sudo] password for magi:
- Reading package lists... Done
- Building dependency tree
- Reading state information... Done
- The following packages will be REMOVED:
- linux-headers-4.4.0-21* linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-headers-4.4.10-040410*
- linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic* linux-headers-4.4.9-040409* linux-headers-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency*
- linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic* linux-image-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency*
- linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-kernel-generic*
- 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 11 to remove and 547 not upgraded.
- After this operation, 864 MB disk space will be freed.
- (Reading database ... 296860 files and directories currently installed.)
- Removing linux-kernel-generic (4.4.0-21) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic (4.4.0-21.37) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.0-21 (4.4.0-21.37) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.9-040409 (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
- Removing linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic (4.4.0-21.37) ...
- .
- .
- .
- done
- Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
- Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.9-040409-lowlatency /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.9-040409-lowlatency /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
