前言
Android系统在MarshMallow之前,权限都是在安装的时候授予的,虽然在4.3时,Google就试图在源码里面引入AppOpsManager来达到动态控制权限的目的,但由于不太成熟,在Release版本中都是把这个功能给隐藏掉的。在6.0之后,Google为了简化安装流程且方便用户控制权限,正式引入了runtime-permission,允许用户在运行的时候动态控制权限。对于开发而言就是将targetSdkVersion设置为23,并且在相应的时机动态申请权限,在适配了Android6.0的App运行在Android 6.0+的手机上时,就会调用6.0相关的API,不过在低版本的手机上,仍然是按安装时权限处理。
AppOpsManager动态权限管理:官方预演的权限管理
AppOpsManager是Google在Android4.3引入的动态权限管理方式,不过,Google觉得不成熟,所以在每个发行版的时候,总是会将这个功能给屏蔽掉。该功能跟国内的权限动态管理表现类似,这里用CyanogenMod12里面的实现讲述一下,(国内的ROM源码拿不到,不过从表现来看,实现应该类似)。AppOpsManager实现的动态管理的本质是:将鉴权放在每个服务内部,比如,如果App要申请定位权限,定位服务LocationManagerService会向AppOpsService查询是否授予了App定位权限,如果需要授权,就弹出一个系统对话框让用户操作,并根据用户的操作将结果持久化在文件中,如果在Setting里设置了响应的权限,也会去更新相应的权限操作持久化文件/data/system/appops.xml,下次再次申请服务的时候,服务会再次鉴定权限。
举个栗子-定位服务LocationManagerService: CM12源码
App在使用定位服务的时候,一般是通过LocationManager的requestLocationUpdates获取定位,其实是通过Binder请求LocationManagerService去定位。
/android/location/LocationManager.java
- private void requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest request, LocationListener listener,
- Looper looper, PendingIntent intent) {
- ...
- try {
- mService.requestLocationUpdates(request, transport, intent, packageName);
- ...
/com/android/server/LocationManagerService.java
- @Override
- public void requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest request, ILocationListener listener,
- PendingIntent intent, String packageName) {
- if (request == null) request = DEFAULT_LOCATION_REQUEST;
- checkPackageName(packageName);
- <!--关键函数 1 ,查询Manifest文件,是否进行了权限声明 -->
- int allowedResolutionLevel = getCallerAllowedResolutionLevel();
- checkResolutionLevelIsSufficientForProviderUse(allowedResolutionLevel,
- request.getProvider());
- 。。。
- <!--获取调用app的pid跟uid-->
- final int pid = Binder.getCallingPid();
- final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
- // providers may use public location API's, need to clear identity
- long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- try {
- <!--关键函数 2 检查是否动态授权了权限,或者拒绝了权限-->
- checkLocationAccess(uid, packageName, allowedResolutionLevel);
- synchronized (mLock) {
- Receiver receiver = checkListenerOrIntentLocked(listener, intent, pid, uid,
- packageName, workSource, hideFromAppOps);
- if (receiver != null) {
- requestLocationUpdatesLocked(sanitizedRequest, receiver, pid,
- uid, packageName);
- }
- }
- } finally {
- Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
- }
- }
getCallerAllowedResolutionLevel主要通过调用getAllowedResolutionLevel查询APP是否在Manifest中进行了声明
- private int getCallerAllowedResolutionLevel() {
- return getAllowedResolutionLevel(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid());
- }
- private int getAllowedResolutionLevel(int pid, int uid) {
- if (mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
- pid, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
- return RESOLUTION_LEVEL_FINE;
- } else if (mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
- pid, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
- return RESOLUTION_LEVEL_COARSE;
- } else {
- return RESOLUTION_LEVEL_NONE;
- }
- }
checkLocationAccess这里才是动态鉴权的入口,在checkLocationAccess函数中,会调用mAppOps.checkOp去鉴权,mAppOps就是AppOpsManager实例,
- boolean checkLocationAccess(int uid, String packageName, int allowedResolutionLevel) {
- int op = resolutionLevelToOp(allowedResolutionLevel);
- if (op >= 0) {
- int mode = mAppOps.checkOp(op, uid, packageName);
- if (mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED && mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ASK ) {
- return false;
- }
- }
- return true;
- }
进而通过Binder向AppOpsService服务发送鉴权请求
- public int noteOp(int op, int uid, String packageName) {
- try {
- int mode = mService.noteOperation(op, uid, packageName);
- if (mode == MODE_ERRORED) {
- throw new SecurityException(buildSecurityExceptionMsg(op, uid, packageName));
- }
- return mode;
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- }
- return MODE_IGNORED;
- }
AppOpsService负责动态权限的鉴定跟更新,接着看noteOperation代码
- @Override
- public int noteOperation(int code, int uid, String packageName) {
- final Result userDialogResult;
- verifyIncomingUid(uid);
- verifyIncomingOp(code);
- synchronized (this) {
- Ops ops = getOpsLocked(uid, packageName, true);
- ...
- <!--关键点 1-->
- if (switchOp.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED ||
- switchOp.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED) {
- op.rejectTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- op.ignoredCount++;
- return switchOp.mode;
- <!--关键点 2-->
- } else if(switchOp.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
- op.time = System.currentTimeMillis();
- op.rejectTime = 0;
- op.allowedCount++;
- return AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED;
- } else {
- op.noteOpCount++;
- <!--关键函数 3-->
- userDialogResult = askOperationLocked(code, uid, packageName,
- switchOp);
- }
- }
- return userDialogResult.get();
- }
在上面的代码里面,1、2是对已经处理过的场景直接返回已授权,或者已经拒绝,而3就是我们常见授权入口对话框,这里是统一在AppOpsServie中进行授权处理的。askOperationLocked会显示一个系统对话框,用户选择授权或者拒绝后,AppOpsServie会将选择记录在案,并通知申请服务提供或者拒绝服务。askOperationLocked通过mHandler发送鉴权Message,看一下实现其实就是新建了一个PermissionDialog授权对话框,并且将AppOpsService的引用传了进去,授权后会通过mService.notifyOperation通知授权结果。
- mHandler = new Handler() {
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case SHOW_PERMISSION_DIALOG: {
- HashMap<String, Object> data =
- (HashMap<String, Object>) msg.obj;
- synchronized (this) {
- Op op = (Op) data.get("op");
- Result res = (Result) data.get("result");
- op.dialogResult.register(res);
- if(op.dialogResult.mDialog == null) {
- Integer code = (Integer) data.get("code");
- Integer uid = (Integer) data.get("uid");
- String packageName =
- (String) data.get("packageName");
- Dialog d = new PermissionDialog(mContext,
- AppOpsService.this, code, uid,
- packageName);
- op.dialogResult.mDialog = (PermissionDialog)d;
- d.show();
- }
- }
- }break;
- }
- }
- };
Android发行版源码对于动态权限管理的支持(几乎为零)
在Android4.3到5.1之间,虽然App可以获得AppOpsManager的实例,但是真正动态操作权限的接口setMode却被隐藏,如下
- /** @hide */
- public void setMode(int code, int uid, String packageName, int mode) {
- try {
- mService.setMode(code, uid, packageName, mode);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- }
- }
遍历源码也只有NotificationManagerService这个系统应用使用了setMode,也就是说发行版,只有通知是通过系统的通知管理进行动态管理的。
- public void setNotificationsEnabledForPackage(String pkg, int uid, boolean enabled) {
- checkCallerIsSystem();
- Slog.v(TAG, (enabled?"en":"dis") + "abling notifications for " + pkg);
- mAppOps.setMode(AppOpsManager.OP_POST_NOTIFICATION, uid, pkg,
- enabled ? AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED : AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
- // Now, cancel any outstanding notifications that are part of a just-disabled app
- if (ENABLE_BLOCKED_NOTIFICATIONS && !enabled) {
- cancelAllNotificationsInt(pkg, 0, 0, true, UserHandle.getUserId(uid));
- }
- }
Android 6.0权限管理原理
Android6.0的runtime-permission机制让用户在任何时候都可以取消授权,因此,每次在申请系统服务的时候,都要动态查询是否获取了相应的权限,如果没有获取,就需要动态去申请,首先先看一下权限的查询:
Android6.0权限查询
support-v4兼容包里面提供了一个工具类PermissionChecker,可以用来检查权限获取情况。
PermissionChecker
- public static int checkPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission,
- int pid, int uid, String packageName) {
- if (context.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
- return PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- String op = AppOpsManagerCompat.permissionToOp(permission);
- if (op == null) {
- return PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- if (packageName == null) {
- String[] packageNames = context.getPackageManager().getPackagesForUid(uid);
- if (packageNames == null || packageNames.length <= 0) {
- return PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- packageName = packageNames[0];
- }
- if (AppOpsManagerCompat.noteProxyOp(context, op, packageName)
- != AppOpsManagerCompat.MODE_ALLOWED) {
- return PERMISSION_DENIED_APP_OP;
- }
- return PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
这里我们只关心context.checkPermission,从上面对于4.3-5.1的APPOpsManager的分析,我们知道AppOpsManagerCompat本身的一些操作对于权限管理并没有实际意义,只是用来做一些标记,最多就是对于通知权限有些用,接下来看checkPermission:
ContextImple.java
- /** @hide */
- @Override
- public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid, IBinder callerToken) {
- if (permission == null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null");
- }
- try {
- return ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().checkPermissionWithToken(
- permission, pid, uid, callerToken);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- }
接着往下看
ActivityManagerNative.java
- public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid)
- throws RemoteException {
- Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
- Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
- data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
- data.writeString(permission);
- data.writeInt(pid);
- data.writeInt(uid);
- mRemote.transact(CHECK_PERMISSION_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
- reply.readException();
- int res = reply.readInt();
- data.recycle();
- reply.recycle();
- return res;
- }
ActivityManagerService
- public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) {
- if (permission == null) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- return checkComponentPermission(permission, pid, UserHandle.getAppId(uid), -1, true);
- }
进而调用ActivityManager.checkComponentPermission,调用AppGlobals.getPackageManager().checkUidPermission(permission, uid);
ActivityManager.java
- /** @hide */
- public static int checkComponentPermission(String permission, int uid,
- int owningUid, boolean exported) {
- // Root, system server get to do everything.
- <!--root及System能获取所有权限-->
- if (uid == 0 || uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- 。。。
- <!--普通的权限查询-->
- try {
- return AppGlobals.getPackageManager()
- .checkUidPermission(permission, uid);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- // Should never happen, but if it does... deny!
- Slog.e(TAG, "PackageManager is dead?!?", e);
- }
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
最终调用PackageManagerService.java去查看是否有权限,到这里,我们只需要知道权限的查询其实是通过PKMS来进行的。心里先有个底,权限的更新,持久化,恢复都是通过PKMS来进行的。
PKMS不同版本的权限查询
Android5.0的checkUidPermission
- public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) {
- final boolean enforcedDefault = isPermissionEnforcedDefault(permName);
- synchronized (mPackages) {
- <!--PackageManagerService.Setting.mUserIds数组中,根据uid查找uid(也就是package)的权限列表-->
- Object obj = mSettings.getUserIdLPr(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
- if (obj != null) {
- GrantedPermissions gp = (GrantedPermissions)obj;
- if (gp.grantedPermissions.contains(permName)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- } else {
- <!--mSystemPermissions记录一些系统级的应用的 uid 对应的 permission->
- HashSet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid);
- if (perms != null && perms.contains(permName)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- }
- if (!isPermissionEnforcedLocked(permName, enforcedDefault)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- }
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
Android6.0+的checkUidPermission
- @Override
- public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) {
- final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
- if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- synchronized (mPackages) {
- Object obj = mSettings.getUserIdLPr(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
- if (obj != null) {
- final SettingBase ps = (SettingBase) obj;
- final PermissionsState permissionsState = ps.getPermissionsState();
- if (permissionsState.hasPermission(permName, userId)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- // Special case: ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission includes ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
- if (Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION.equals(permName) && permissionsState
- .hasPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, userId)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- } else {
- ArraySet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid);
- if (perms != null) {
- if (perms.contains(permName)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- if (Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION.equals(permName) && perms
- .contains(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
可以看到Android6.0之后,对权限的操作是PermissionsState
PermissionsState.java (android-6.0frameworksbaseservicescorejavacomandroidserverpm)
- public boolean hasPermission(String name, int userId) {
- enforceValidUserId(userId);
- if (mPermissions == null) {
- return false;
- }
- PermissionData permissionData = mPermissions.get(name);
- return permissionData != null && permissionData.isGranted(userId);
- }
从上面的代码可以很清晰看出,6.0之后,除了声明了权限之外,还必须是授权了的。运行时权限跟install权限有所不同,对于install权限isGranted一直返回是True,这里先不必深究PermissionsState是怎么存进内存,先记住,后面会将讲。
Android6.0动态申请权限
申请权限可以通过V4包里面的ActivityCompat,它已经对不同版本做了兼容
ActivityCompat.java
- public static void requestPermissions(final @NonNull Activity activity,
- final @NonNull String[] permissions, final int requestCode) {
- if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
- ActivityCompatApi23.requestPermissions(activity, permissions, requestCode);
- } else if (activity instanceof OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) {
- Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- final int[] grantResults = new int[permissions.length];
- PackageManager packageManager = activity.getPackageManager();
- String packageName = activity.getPackageName();
- final int permissionCount = permissions.length;
- for (int i = 0; i < permissionCount; i++) {
- grantResults[i] = packageManager.checkPermission(
- permissions[i], packageName);
- }
- ((OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) activity).onRequestPermissionsResult(
- requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
- }
- });
- }
- }
可以看到,如果是6.0以下,直接通过PKMS查询是否在Manifest里面申请了权限,并把查询结果通过onRequestPermissionsResult回调传给Activity或者Fragment。其实这里只要在Manifest中声明了,就会默认是Granted。接着往下看:ActivityCompatApi23最终会调用activity.requestPermissions去请求权限。
Activity
- public final void requestPermissions(@NonNull String[] permissions, int requestCode) {
- Intent intent = getPackageManager().buildRequestPermissionsIntent(permissions);
- startActivityForResult(REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_WHO_PREFIX, intent, requestCode, null);
- }
Intent其实是通过PackageManager(ApplicationPackageManager实现类)获取的Intent
- public Intent buildRequestPermissionsIntent(@NonNull String[] permissions) {
- if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permissions)) {
- throw new NullPointerException("permission cannot be null or empty");
- }
- Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS);
- intent.putExtra(EXTRA_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_NAMES, permissions);
- intent.setPackage(getPermissionControllerPackageName());
- return intent;
- }
这里首先是隐式的获取授权Activity组件相关信息(GrantPermissionsActivity),其实就是对话框样式的授权Activity,它是PackageInstaller系统应用里面的一个Activity。这里的getPermissionControllerPackageName其实就是获取相应的包名,
ApplicationPackageManager.java (android-6.0frameworksbasecorejavaandroidapp)
- @Override
- public String getPermissionControllerPackageName() {
- synchronized (mLock) {
- if (mPermissionsControllerPackageName == null) {
- try {
- mPermissionsControllerPackageName = mPM.getPermissionControllerPackageName();
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException("Package manager has died", e);
- }
- }
- return mPermissionsControllerPackageName;
- }
- }
最终通过PackageManagerService获取包名
PackageManagerService.java (android-6.0frameworksbaseservicescorejavacomandroidserverpm)
- @Override
- public String getPermissionControllerPackageName() {
- synchronized (mPackages) {
- return mRequiredInstallerPackage;
- }
- }
mRequiredInstallerPackage这个变量具体赋值是在PMS的构造器中:对于原生Android 6.0,权限管理的APP跟安装器是同一个
- mRequiredInstallerPackage = getRequiredInstallerLPr();
这里会得到PackageInstaller应用的相关信息,PackageInstaller负责应用的安装与卸载,里面还包含了对授权管理的一些逻辑。startActivityForResult启动的就是PackageInstaller中的GrantPermissionsActivity,该Activity主要负责权限的授予工作。
- <activity android:name=".permission.ui.GrantPermissionsActivity"
- android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize"
- android:excludeFromRecents="true"
- android:theme="@style/GrantPermissions">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.content.pm.action.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
这是一个类似于对话框的悬浮窗样式的Activity
- <style name="GrantPermissions" parent="Settings">
- <item name="android:windowIsFloating">true</item>
- <item name="android:windowElevation">@dimen/action_dialog_z</item>
- <item name="android:windowSwipeToDismiss">false</item>
- </style>
之后就是动态更新权限流程:
如何动态更新RuntimePermission
通过上面的流程,我们进入了GrantPermissionsActivity,在这个Activity里面,如果一开始没有获得权限,就会弹出权限申请对话框,根据用户的操作去更新PKMS中的权限信息,同时将更新的结构持久化到runtime-permissions.xml中去。
GrantPermissionsActivity
GrantPermissionsActivity其实是利用GroupState对象与PKMS通信,远程更新权限的,当然,如果权限都已经授予了,那么就不需要再次弹出权限申请对话框。
- public class GrantPermissionsActivity extends OverlayTouchActivity
- implements GrantPermissionsViewHandler.ResultListener {
- private LinkedHashMap<String, GroupState> mRequestGrantPermissionGroups = new LinkedHashMap<>();
- ....
- @Override
- public void onPermissionGrantResult(String name, boolean granted, boolean doNotAskAgain) {
- GroupState groupState = mRequestGrantPermissionGroups.get(name);
- if (groupState.mGroup != null) {
- if (granted) {
- <!--权限更新时机-->
- groupState.mGroup.grantRuntimePermissions(doNotAskAgain);
- groupState.mState = GroupState.STATE_ALLOWED;
- } else {
- groupState.mGroup.revokeRuntimePermissions(doNotAskAgain);
- groupState.mState = GroupState.STATE_DENIED;
- }
- updateGrantResults(groupState.mGroup);
- }
- if (!showNextPermissionGroupGrantRequest()) {
- setResultAndFinish();
- }
- }
具体更新流程:
- public boolean grantRuntimePermissions(boolean fixedByTheUser, String[] filterPermissions) {
- final int uid = mPackageInfo.applicationInfo.uid;
- // We toggle permissions only to apps that support runtime
- // permissions, otherwise we toggle the app op corresponding
- // to the permission if the permission is granted to the app.
- for (Permission permission : mPermissions.values()) {
- if (filterPermissions != null
- && !ArrayUtils.contains(filterPermissions, permission.getName())) {
- continue;
- }
- ...
- <!--一些关键点-->
- // Grant the permission if needed.
- if (!permission.isGranted()) {
- permission.setGranted(true);
- mPackageManager.grantRuntimePermission(mPackageInfo.packageName,
- permission.getName(), mUserHandle);
- }
- // Update the permission flags.
- if (!fixedByTheUser) {
- // Now the apps can ask for the permission as the user
- // no longer has it fixed in a denied state.
- if (permission.isUserFixed() || permission.isUserSet()) {
- permission.setUserFixed(false);
- permission.setUserSet(true);
- mPackageManager.updatePermissionFlags(permission.getName(),
- mPackageInfo.packageName,
- PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_FIXED
- | PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_SET,
- 0, mUserHandle);
可以看到最终还是调用PackageManager去更新App的运行时权限,最终走进PackageManagerService服务,
PackageManagerService
- @Override
- public void grantRuntimePermission(String packageName, String name, final int userId) {
- if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) {
- Log.e(TAG, "No such user:" + userId);
- return;
- }
- ...一些检查
- mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
- android.Manifest.permission.GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS,
- "grantRuntimePermission");
- enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId,
- true /* requireFullPermission */, true /* checkShell */,
- "grantRuntimePermission");
- 。。。。。
- ...
- uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, pkg.applicationInfo.uid);
- sb = (SettingBase) pkg.mExtras;
- if (sb == null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown package: " + packageName);
- }
- final PermissionsState permissionsState = sb.getPermissionsState();
- ...
- ...授权
- final int result = permissionsState.grantRuntimePermission(bp, userId);
- switch (result) {
- case PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE: {
- return;
- }
- case PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS_GIDS_CHANGED: {
- final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(pkg.applicationInfo.uid);
- mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- killUid(appId, userId, KILL_APP_REASON_GIDS_CHANGED);
- }
- });
- }
- break;
- }
- mOnPermissionChangeListeners.onPermissionsChanged(uid);
- <!--持久化-->
- // Not critical if that is lost - app has to request again.
- mSettings.writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr(userId, false);
- }
<!--查询是否在Manifest声明过权限-->
- private static void enforceDeclaredAsUsedAndRuntimeOrDevelopmentPermission(PackageParser.Package pkg,
- BasePermission bp) {
- int index = pkg.requestedPermissions.indexOf(bp.name);
- if (index == -1) {
- throw new SecurityException("Package " + pkg.packageName
- + " has not requested permission " + bp.name);
- }
- if (!bp.isRuntime() && !bp.isDevelopment()) {
- throw new SecurityException("Permission " + bp.name
- + " is not a changeable permission type");
- }
- }
首先要更新内存中的权限授予情况
PermissionsState.java
- private int grantPermission(BasePermission permission, int userId) {
- if (hasPermission(permission.name, userId)) {
- return PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE;
- }
- final boolean hasGids = !ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permission.computeGids(userId));
- final int[] oldGids = hasGids ? computeGids(userId) : NO_GIDS;
- PermissionData permissionData = ensurePermissionData(permission);
- if (!permissionData.grant(userId)) {
- return PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE;
- }
- if (hasGids) {
- final int[] newGids = computeGids(userId);
- if (oldGids.length != newGids.length) {
- return PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS_GIDS_CHANGED;
- }
- }
- return PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS;
- }
<!--动态添加更新内存Permison -->
- private PermissionData ensurePermissionData(BasePermission permission) {
- if (mPermissions == null) {
- mPermissions = new ArrayMap<>();
- }
- PermissionData permissionData = mPermissions.get(permission.name);
- if (permissionData == null) {
- permissionData = new PermissionData(permission);
- mPermissions.put(permission.name, permissionData);
- }
- return permissionData;
- }
下一步,要将更新的权限持久化到文件中去 mSettings.writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr
RuntimePermission持久化
Settings.java
- public void writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr(int userId, boolean sync) {
- if (sync) {
- mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.writePermissionsForUserSyncLPr(userId);
- } else {
- mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.writePermissionsForUserAsyncLPr(userId);
- }
- }
Settings.getPackageLPw这个方法,这是在安装应用扫描的时候scanPackageDirtyLI方法调用的,里面可以看到Settings类中的mUserIds、mPackages里面存的value还有PackageManagerService中的mPackages.pkg. mExtras都是同一个玩意奏是个PackageSetting。
- private File getUserRuntimePermissionsFile(int userId) {
- // TODO: Implement a cleaner solution when adding tests.
- // This instead of Environment.getUserSystemDirectory(userId) to support testing.
- File userDir = new File(new File(mSystemDir, "users"), Integer.toString(userId));
- return new File(userDir, RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS_FILE_NAME);
- }
在目录data/system/0/runtime-permissions.xml存放需要运行时申请的权限,Android6.0以上才有
- <pkg name="com.snail.labaffinity">
- <item name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" granted="true" flags="0" />
- <item name="android.permission.CAMERA" granted="false" flags="1" />
- </pkg>
RuntimePermission恢复(其实这里也包含普通权限)
这些持久化的数据会在手机启动的时候由PMS读取,开机启动,PKMS扫描Apk,并更新package信息,检查/data/system/packages.xml是否存在,这个文件是在解析apk时由writeLP()创建的,里面记录了系统的permissions,以及每个apk的name,codePath,flags,ts,version,uesrid等信息,这些信息主要通过apk的AndroidManifest.xml解析获取,解析完apk后将更新信息写入这个文件并保存到flash,下次开机直接从里面读取相关信息添加到内存相关列表中,当有apk升级,安装或删除时会更新这个文件,packages.xml放的只包括installpermission,runtimepermissiono由runtime-permissions.xml存放。
- public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer,
- boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
- ....
- mSettings = new Settings(mPackages);
- //汇总并更新和Permission相关的信息
- updatePermissionsLPw(null, null, true,
- regrantPermissions,regrantPermissions);
- //将信息写到package.xml、package.list及package-stopped.xml文件中
- mSettings.writeLPr();
- ....
- mFirstBoot = !mSettings.readLPw(sUserManager.getUsers(false));
- Settings(File dataDir, Object lock) {
- mRuntimePermissionsPersistence = new RuntimePermissionPersistence(mLock);
- <!--加载package信息-->
根据SettingsFile或者BackupSettingsFile读取相应的设置信息 生成PackageSetting对象,里面有权限列表字段protected final PermissionsState mPermissionsState;,之后再运行中,动态权限的操作都是针对这个对象
- boolean readLPw(@NonNull List<UserInfo> users) {
- FileInputStream str = null;
- if (mBackupSettingsFilename.exists()) {
- try {
- str = new FileInputStream(mBackupSettingsFilename);
- mReadMessages.append("Reading from backup settings file\n");
- ...
- while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
- && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
- String tagName = parser.getName();
- if (tagName.equals("package")) {
- !--读取package信息,包括install权限信息(对于Android6.0package.xml)-->
- readPackageLPw(parser);
- ...
- <!--读取runtime权限信息-->
- for (UserInfo user : users) {
- mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.readStateForUserSyncLPr(user.id);
- }
- }
- private void readPackageLPw(XmlPullParser parser) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
- String name = null;
- ...
- (tagName.equals(TAG_PERMISSIONS)) {
- readInstallPermissionsLPr(parser,
- packageSetting.getPermissionsState());
之后就可以checkpermission了
- @Override
- public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) {
- final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
- if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
- }
- synchronized (mPackages) {
- Object obj = mSettings.getUserIdLPr(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
- if (obj != null) {
- final SettingBase ps = (SettingBase) obj;
- final PermissionsState permissionsState = ps.getPermissionsState();
- if (permissionsState.hasPermission(permName, userId)) {
- return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
- }
原来的权限存放位置在哪?不会都从Android Manifest清单去读取,只会在启动时读取一次。Android6.0之前会吧所有的权限都放置在data/system/packages.xml文件中。Android6.0之后,分为运行时权限跟普通权限,普通权限还是放在data/system/packages.xml中,运行时权限防止在data/system/users/0/runtime-permissions.xml文件中。根据运行时是否动态申请去更新权限。
Android6.0申请普通权限会怎么样
Android6.0里,普通权限仍然按照运行时权限的模型,只是granted="true",就是永远是取得授权的。所以可以直接获得权限申请成功的回调。如果查看packages.xml,就会发现:如下信息:
- <perms>
- <item name="android.permission.INTERNET" granted="true" flags="0" />
- <item name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" granted="true" flags="0" />
- </perms>
Android的关键节点,在哪里?
关键节点并不是查询是否具有该权限,Android6.0之前的 权限查询是不会触发权限申请与授权的,只有在请求系统服务的时候,由系统服务调用AppopsManager去查询是否赋予了该权限,第一次未操作肯定是null,未赋予就可能会触发权限申请逻辑,这个点在各个系统服务内部,由AppOpsService服务统一管理,不过对于官方的Release版本,其实只有系统通知APP才有动态权限管理的能力,其他都没有操作能力。