预热
redux 函数内部包含了大量柯里化函数以及代码组合思想
柯里化函数(curry)
通俗的来讲,可以用一句话概括柯里化函数:返回函数的函数
- // example
- const funcA = (a) => {
- return const funcB = (b) => {
- return a + b
- }
- };
上述的funcA函数接收一个参数,并返回同样接收一个参数的funcB函数。
柯里化函数有什么好处呢?
- 避免了给一个函数传入大量的参数--我们可以通过柯里化来构建类似上例的函数嵌套,将参数的代入分离开,更有利于调试
- 降低耦合度和代码冗余,便于复用
举个栗子:
- // 已知listA, listB两个Array,都由int组成,需要筛选出两个Array的交集
- const listA = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
- const listB = [2, 3, 4];
- const checkIfDataExist = (list) => {
- return (target) => {
- return list.some(value => value === target)
- };
- };
- // 调用一次checkIfDataExist函数,并将listA作为参数传入,来构建一个新的函数。
- // 而新函数的作用则是:检查传入的参数是否存在于listA里
- const ifDataExist = checkIfDataExist(listA);
- // 使用新函数来对listB里的每一个元素进行筛选
- const intersectionList = listB.filter(value => ifDataExist(value));
- console.log(intersectionList); // [2, 3, 4]
代码组合(compose)
代码组合就像是数学中的结合律:
- const compose = (f, g) => {
- return (x) => {
- return f(g(x));
- };
- };
- // 还可以再简洁点
- const compose = (f, g) => (x) => f(g(x));
通过这样函数之间的组合,可以大大增加可读性,效果远大于嵌套一大堆的函数调用,并且我们可以随意更改函数的调用顺序
Redux
combineReducers
- // 回顾一下combineReducers的使用格式
- // 两个reducer
- const todos = (state = INIT.todos, action) => {
- // ....
- };
- const filterStatus = (state = INIT.filterStatus, action) => {
- // ...
- };
- const appReducer = combineReducers({
- todos,
- filterStatus
- });
还记得combineReducers的黑魔法吗?即:
- 传入的Object参数中,对象的key与value所代表的reducer function同名
- 各个reducer function的名称和需要传入该reducer的state参数同名
源码标注解读(省略部分):
- export default function combineReducers(reducers) {
- // ***次筛选,参数reducers为Object
- // 筛选掉reducers中不是function的键值对
- var reducerKeys = Object.keys(reducers);
- var finalReducers = {}
- for (var i = 0; i < reducerKeys.length; i++) {
- var key = reducerKeys[i];
- if (typeof reducers[key] === 'function') {
- finalReducers[key] = reducers[key]
- }
- }
- var finalReducerKeys = Object.keys(finalReducers)
- // 二次筛选,判断reducer中传入的值是否合法(!== undefined)
- // 获取筛选完之后的所有key
- var sanityError
- try {
- // assertReducerSanity函数用于遍历finalReducers中的reducer,检查传入reducer的state是否合法
- assertReducerSanity(finalReducers)
- } catch (e) {
- sanityError = e
- }
- // 返回一个function。该方法接收state和action作为参数
- return function combination(state = {}, action) {
- // 如果之前的判断reducers中有不法值,则抛出错误
- if (sanityError) {
- throw sanityError
- }
- // 如果不是production环境则抛出warning
- if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
- var warningMessage = getUnexpectedStateShapeWarningMessage(state, finalReducers, action)
- if (warningMessage) {
- warning(warningMessage)
- }
- }
- var hasChanged = false
- var nextState = {}
- // 遍历所有的key和reducer,分别将reducer对应的key所代表的state,代入到reducer中进行函数调用
- for (var i = 0; i < finalReducerKeys.length; i++) {
- var key = finalReducerKeys[i]
- var reducer = finalReducers[key]
- // 这也就是为什么说combineReducers黑魔法--要求传入的Object参数中,reducer function的名称和要和state同名的原因
- var previousStateForKey = state[key]
- var nextStateForKey = reducer(previousStateForKey, action)
- // 如果reducer返回undefined则抛出错误
- if (typeof nextStateForKey === 'undefined') {
- var errorMessage = getUndefinedStateErrorMessage(key, action)
- throw new Error(errorMessage)
- }
- // 将reducer返回的值填入nextState
- nextState[key] = nextStateForKey
- // 如果任一state有更新则hasChanged为true
- hasChanged = hasChanged || nextStateForKey !== previousStateForKey
- }
- return hasChanged ? nextState : state
- }
- }
- // 检查传入reducer的state是否合法
- function assertReducerSanity(reducers) {
- Object.keys(reducers).forEach(key => {
- var reducer = reducers[key]
- // 遍历全部reducer,并给它传入(undefined, action)
- // 当***个参数传入undefined时,则为各个reducer定义的默认参数
- var initialState = reducer(undefined, { type: ActionTypes.INIT })
- // ActionTypes.INIT几乎不会被定义,所以会通过switch的default返回reducer的默认参数。如果没有指定默认参数,则返回undefined,抛出错误
- if (typeof initialState === 'undefined') {
- throw new Error(
- `Reducer "${key}" returned undefined during initialization. ` +
- `If the state passed to the reducer is undefined, you must ` +
- `explicitly return the initial state. The initial state may ` +
- `not be undefined.`
- )
- }
- var type = '@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION_' + Math.random().toString(36).substring(7).split('').join('.')
- if (typeof reducer(undefined, { type }) === 'undefined') {
- throw new Error(
- `Reducer "${key}" returned undefined when probed with a random type. ` +
- `Don't try to handle ${ActionTypes.INIT} or other actions in "redux/*" ` +
- `namespace. They are considered private. Instead, you must return the ` +
- `current state for any unknown actions, unless it is undefined, ` +
- `in which case you must return the initial state, regardless of the ` +
- `action type. The initial state may not be undefined.`
- )
- }
- })
- }
createStore
- // 回顾下使用方法
- const store = createStore(reducers, state, enhance);
源码标注解读(省略部分):
- // 对于未知的action.type,reducer必须返回默认的参数state。这个ActionTypes.INIT就可以用来监测当reducer传入未知type的action时,返回的state是否合法
- export var ActionTypes = {
- INIT: '@@redux/INIT'
- }
- export default function createStore(reducer, initialState, enhancer) {
- // 检查你的state和enhance参数有没有传反
- if (typeof initialState === 'function' && typeof enhancer === 'undefined') {
- enhancer = initialState
- initialState = undefined
- }
- // 如果有传入合法的enhance,则通过enhancer再调用一次createStore
- if (typeof enhancer !== 'undefined') {
- if (typeof enhancer !== 'function') {
- throw new Error('Expected the enhancer to be a function.')
- }
- return enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
- }
- if (typeof reducer !== 'function') {
- throw new Error('Expected the reducer to be a function.')
- }
- var currentReducer = reducer
- var currentState = initialState
- var currentListeners = []
- var nextListeners = currentListeners
- var isDispatching = false // 是否正在分发事件
- function ensureCanMutateNextListeners() {
- if (nextListeners === currentListeners) {
- nextListeners = currentListeners.slice()
- }
- }
- // 我们在action middleware中经常使用的getState()方法,返回当前state
- function getState() {
- return currentState
- }
- // 注册listener,同时返回一个取消事件注册的方法。当调用store.dispatch的时候调用listener
- function subscribe(listener) {
- if (typeof listener !== 'function') {
- throw new Error('Expected listener to be a function.')
- }
- var isSubscribed = true
- ensureCanMutateNextListeners()
- nextListeners.push(listener)
- return function unsubscribe() {
- if (!isSubscribed) {
- return
- }
- isSubscribed = false
- // 从nextListeners中去除掉当前listener
- ensureCanMutateNextListeners()
- var index = nextListeners.indexOf(listener)
- nextListeners.splice(index, 1)
- }
- }
- // dispatch方法接收的action是个对象,而不是方法。
- // 这个对象实际上就是我们自定义action的返回值,因为dispatch的时候,已经调用过我们的自定义action了,比如 dispatch(addTodo())
- function dispatch(action) {
- if (!isPlainObject(action)) {
- throw new Error(
- 'Actions must be plain objects. ' +
- 'Use custom middleware for async actions.'
- )
- }
- if (typeof action.type === 'undefined') {
- throw new Error(
- 'Actions may not have an undefined "type" property. ' +
- 'Have you misspelled a constant?'
- )
- }
- // 调用dispatch的时候只能一个个调用,通过dispatch判断调用的状态
- if (isDispatching) {
- throw new Error('Reducers may not dispatch actions.')
- }
- try {
- isDispatching = true
- currentState = currentReducer(currentState, action)
- } finally {
- isDispatching = false
- }
- // 遍历调用各个linster
- var listeners = currentListeners = nextListeners
- for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
- listeners[i]()
- }
- return action
- }
- // Replaces the reducer currently used by the store to calculate the state.
- function replaceReducer(nextReducer) {
- if (typeof nextReducer !== 'function') {
- throw new Error('Expected the nextReducer to be a function.')
- }
- currentReducer = nextReducer
- dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT })
- }
- // 当create store的时候,reducer会接受一个type为ActionTypes.INIT的action,使reducer返回他们默认的state,这样可以快速的形成默认的state的结构
- dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT })
- return {
- dispatch,
- subscribe,
- getState,
- replaceReducer
- }
- }
thunkMiddleware
源码及其简单简直给跪...
- // 返回以 dispatch 和 getState 作为参数的action
- export default function thunkMiddleware({ dispatch, getState }) {
- return next => action => {
- if (typeof action === 'function') {
- return action(dispatch, getState);
- }
- return next(action);
- };
- }
applyMiddleware
先复习下用法:
- // usage
- import {createStore, applyMiddleware} from 'redux';
- import thunkMiddleware from 'redux-thunk';
- const store = createStore(
- reducers,
- state,
- applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)
- );
applyMiddleware首先接收thunkMiddleware作为参数,两者组合成为一个新的函数(enhance),之后在createStore内部,因为enhance的存在,将会变成返回enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
源码标注解读(省略部分):
- // 定义一个代码组合的方法
- // 传入一些function作为参数,返回其链式调用的形态。例如,
- // compose(f, g, h) 最终返回 (...args) => f(g(h(...args)))
- export default function compose(...funcs) {
- if (funcs.length === 0) {
- return arg => arg
- } else {
- const last = funcs[funcs.length - 1]
- const rest = funcs.slice(0, -1)
- return (...args) => rest.reduceRight((composed, f) => f(composed), last(...args))
- }
- }
- export default function applyMiddleware(...middlewares) {
- // 最终返回一个以createStore为参数的匿名函数
- // 这个函数返回另一个以reducer, initialState, enhancer为参数的匿名函数
- return (createStore) => (reducer, initialState, enhancer) => {
- var store = createStore(reducer, initialState, enhancer)
- var dispatch
- var chain = []
- var middlewareAPI = {
- getState: store.getState,
- dispatch: (action) => dispatch(action)
- }
- // 每个 middleware 都以 middlewareAPI 作为参数进行注入,返回一个新的链。此时的返回值相当于调用 thunkMiddleware 返回的函数: (next) => (action) => {} ,接收一个next作为其参数
- chain = middlewares.map(middleware => middleware(middlewareAPI))
- // 并将链代入进 compose 组成一个函数的调用链
- // compose(...chain) 返回形如(...args) => f(g(h(...args))),f/g/h都是chain中的函数对象。
- // 在目前只有 thunkMiddleware 作为 middlewares 参数的情况下,将返回 (next) => (action) => {}
- // 之后以 store.dispatch 作为参数进行注入
- dispatch = compose(...chain)(store.dispatch)
- return {
- ...store,
- dispatch
- }
- }
- }
一脸懵逼?没关系,来结合实际使用总结一下:
当我们搭配redux-thunk这个库的时候,在redux配合components时,通常这么写
- import thunkMiddleware from 'redux-thunk';
- import { createStore, applyMiddleware, combineReducer } from 'redux';
- import * as reducers from './reducers.js';
- const appReducer = combineReducer(reducers);
- const store = createStore(appReducer, initialState, applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware));
还记得当createStore收到的参数中有enhance时会怎么做吗?
- // createStore.js
- if (typeof enhancer !== 'undefined') {
- if (typeof enhancer !== 'function') {
- throw new Error('Expected the enhancer to be a function.')
- }
- return enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
- }
也就是说,会变成下面的情况
- applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
- applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)
applyMiddleware接收thunkMiddleware作为参数,返回形如(createStore) => (reducer, initialState, enhancer) => {}的函数。
- applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)(createStore)
以 createStore 作为参数,调用上一步返回的函数(reducer, initialState, enhancer) => {}
- applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)(createStore)(reducer, initialState)
以(reducer, initialState)为参数进行调用。
在这个函数内部,thunkMiddleware被调用,其作用是监测type是function的action
因此,如果dispatch的action返回的是一个function,则证明是中间件,则将(dispatch, getState)作为参数代入其中,进行action 内部下一步的操作。否则的话,认为只是一个普通的action,将通过next(也就是dispatch)进一步分发。
也就是说,applyMiddleware(thunkMiddleware)作为enhance,最终起了这样的作用:
对dispatch调用的action(例如,dispatch(addNewTodo(todo)))进行检查,如果action在***次调用之后返回的是function,则将(dispatch, getState)作为参数注入到action返回的方法中,否则就正常对action进行分发,这样一来我们的中间件就完成喽~
因此,当action内部需要获取state,或者需要进行异步操作,在操作完成之后进行事件调用分发的话,我们就可以让action 返回一个以(dispatch, getState)为参数的function而不是通常的Object,enhance就会对其进行检测以便正确的处理。
bindActionCreator
这个方法感觉比较少见,我个人也很少用到
在传统写法下,当我们要把 state 和 action 注入到子组件中时,一般会这么做:
- import { connect } from 'react-redux';
- import {addTodo, deleteTodo} from './action.js';
- class TodoComponect extends Component {
- render() {
- return (
- <ChildComponent
- deleteTodo={this.props.deleteTodo}
- addTodo={this.props.addTodo}
- />
- )
- }
- }
- function mapStateToProps(state) {
- return {
- state
- }
- }
- function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
- return {
- deleteTodo: (id) => {
- dispatch(deleteTodo(id));
- },
- addTodo: (todo) => {
- dispatch(addTodo(todo));
- }
- }
- }
- export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoComponect);
使用bindActionCreators可以把 action 转为同名 key 的对象,但使用 dispatch 把每个 action 包围起来调用
惟一使用 bindActionCreators 的场景是当你需要把 action creator 往下传到一个组件上,却不想让这个组件觉察到 Redux 的存在,而且不希望把 Redux store 或 dispatch 传给它。
- // 在本组件内的应用
- addTodo(todo) {
- let action = TodoActions.addTodo(todo);
- this.props.dispatch(action);
- }
- deleteTodo(id) {
- let action = TodoActions.deleteTodo(id);
- this.props.dispatch(action);
- }
- render() {
- let dispatch = this.props.dispatch;
- // 传递给子组件
- let boundActionCreators = bindActionCreators(TodoActions, dispatch);
- return (
- <ChildComponent
- {...boundActionCreators}
- />
- )
- }
- }
- function mapStateToProps(state) {
- return {
- state
- }
- }
- export default connect(mapStateToProps)(TodoComponect)
bindActionCreator源码解析
- function bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch) {
- return (...args) => dispatch(actionCreator(...args))
- }
- // bindActionCreators期待一个Object作为actionCreators传入,里面是 key: action
- export default function bindActionCreators(actionCreators, dispatch) {
- // 如果只是传入一个action,则通过bindActionCreator返回被绑定到dispatch的函数
- if (typeof actionCreators === 'function') {
- return bindActionCreator(actionCreators, dispatch)
- }
- if (typeof actionCreators !== 'object' || actionCreators === null) {
- throw new Error(
- `bindActionCreators expected an object or a function, instead received ${actionCreators === null ? 'null' : typeof actionCreators}. ` +
- `Did you write "import ActionCreators from" instead of "import * as ActionCreators from"?`
- )
- }
- // 遍历并通过bindActionCreator分发绑定至dispatch
- var keys = Object.keys(actionCreators)
- var boundActionCreators = {}
- for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
- var key = keys[i]
- var actionCreator = actionCreators[key]
- if (typeof actionCreator === 'function') {
- boundActionCreators[key] = bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch)
- }
- }
- return boundActionCreators
- }
react-redux
Provider
- export default class Provider extends Component {
- getChildContext() {
- // 将其声明为 context 的属性之一
- return { store: this.store }
- }
- constructor(props, context) {
- super(props, context)
- // 接收 redux 的 store 作为 props
- this.store = props.store
- }
- render() {
- return Children.only(this.props.children)
- }
- }
- if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
- Provider.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function (nextProps) {
- const { store } = this
- const { store: nextStore } = nextProps
- if (store !== nextStore) {
- warnAboutReceivingStore()
- }
- }
- }
- Provider.propTypes = {
- store: storeShape.isRequired,
- children: PropTypes.element.isRequired
- }
- Provider.childContextTypes = {
- store: storeShape.isRequired
- }
connect
传入mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps,mergeProps,options。
首先获取传入的参数,如果没有则以默认值代替
- const defaultMapStateToProps = state => ({}) // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
- const defaultMapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({ dispatch })
- const { pure = true, withRef = false } = options
之后,通过
- const finalMergeProps = mergeProps || defaultMergeProps
选择合并stateProps,dispatchProps,parentProps的方式,默认的合并方式 defaultMergeProps 为:
- const defaultMergeProps = (stateProps, dispatchProps, parentProps) => ({
- ...parentProps,
- ...stateProps,
- ...dispatchProps
- })
返回一个以 Component 作为参数的函数。在这个函数内部,生成了一个叫做Connect的 Component
- // ...
- return function wrapWithConnect(WrappedComponent) {
- const connectDisplayName = `Connect(${getDisplayName(WrappedComponent)})`
- // 检查参数合法性
- function checkStateShape(props, methodName) {}
- // 合并props
- function computeMergedProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, parentProps) {
- const mergedProps = finalMergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, parentProps)
- if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
- checkStateShape(mergedProps, 'mergeProps')
- }
- return mergedProps
- }
- // start of Connect
- class Connect extends Component {
- constructor(props, context) {
- super(props, context);
- this.store = props.store || context.store
- const storeState = this.store.getState()
- this.state = { storeState }
- this.clearCache()
- }
- computeStateProps(store, props) {
- // 调用configureFinalMapState,使用传入的mapStateToProps方法(或默认方法),将state map进props
- }
- configureFinalMapState(store, props) {}
- computeDispatchProps(store, props) {
- // 调用configureFinalMapDispatch,使用传入的mapDispatchToProps方法(或默认方法),将action使用dispatch封装map进props
- }
- configureFinalMapDispatch(store, props) {}
- // 判断是否更新props
- updateStatePropsIfNeeded() {}
- updateDispatchPropsIfNeeded() {}
- updateMergedPropsIfNeeded() {}
- componentDidMount() {
- // 内部调用this.store.subscribe(this.handleChange.bind(this))
- this.trySubscribe()
- }
- handleChange() {
- const storeState = this.store.getState()
- const prevStoreState = this.state.storeState
- // 对数据进行监听,发送改变时调用
- this.setState({ storeState })
- }
- // 取消监听,清除缓存
- componentWillUnmount() {
- this.tryUnsubscribe()
- this.clearCache()
- }
- render() {
- this.renderedElement = createElement(WrappedComponent,
- this.mergedProps
- )
- return this.renderedElement
- }
- }
- // end of Connect
- Connect.displayName = connectDisplayName
- Connect.WrappedComponent = WrappedComponent
- Connect.contextTypes = {
- store: storeShape
- }
- Connect.propTypes = {
- store: storeShape
- }
- return hoistStatics(Connect, WrappedComponent)
- }
- // ...
我们看见,在connect的***,返回了使用hoistStatics包装的Connect和WrappedComponent
hoistStatics是什么鬼?为什么使用它?
Copies non-react specific statics from a child component to a parent component. Similar to Object.assign, but with React static keywords blacklisted from being overridden.
也就是说,它类似于Object.assign,作用是将子组件中的 static 方法复制进父组件,但不会覆盖组件中的关键字方法(如 componentDidMount)
- import hoistNonReactStatic from 'hoist-non-react-statics';
- hoistNonReactStatic(targetComponent, sourceComponent);