说明:本文主要学习Laravel的Middleware的源码设计思想,并将学习心得分享出来,希望对别人有所帮助。Laravel学习笔记之Decorator Pattern已经聊过Laravel使用了Decorator Pattern来设计Middleware,看Laravel源码发现其巧妙用了Closure和PHP的一些数组函数来设计Middleware。
开发环境:Laravel5.3 + PHP7 + OS X 10.11
PHP内置函数array_reverse、array_reduce、call_user_func和call_user_func_array
看Laravel源码之前,先看下这几个PHP内置函数的使用。首先array_reverse()函数比较简单,倒置数组,看测试代码:
- $pipes = [
- 'Pipe1',
- 'Pipe2',
- 'Pipe3',
- 'Pipe4',
- 'Pipe5',
- 'Pipe6',
- ];
- $pipes = array_reverse($pipes);
- var_dump($pipes);
- // output
- array(6) {
- [0] =>
- string(5) "Pipe6"
- [1] =>
- string(5) "Pipe5"
- [2] =>
- string(5) "Pipe4"
- [3] =>
- string(5) "Pipe3"
- [4] =>
- string(5) "Pipe2"
- [5] =>
- string(5) "Pipe1"
- }
array_reduce内置函数主要是用回调函数去迭代数组中每一个值,并且每一次回调得到的结果值作为下一次回调的初始值,***返回最终迭代的值:
- /**
- * @link http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-reduce.php
- * @param int $v
- * @param int $w
- *
- * @return int
- */
- function rsum($v, $w)
- {
- $v += $w;
- return $v;
- }
- $a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
- // 10为初始值
- $b = array_reduce($a, "rsum", 10);
- // ***输出 (((((10 + 1) + 2) + 3) + 4) + 5) = 25
- echo $b . PHP_EOL;
call_user_func()是执行回调函数,并可输入参数作为回调函数的参数,看测试代码:
- class TestCallUserFunc
- {
- public function index($request)
- {
- echo $request . PHP_EOL;
- }
- }
- /**
- * @param $test
- */
- function testCallUserFunc($test)
- {
- echo $test . PHP_EOL;
- }
- // [$class, $method]
- call_user_func(['TestCallUserFunc', 'index'], 'pipes'); // 输出'pipes'
- // Closure
- call_user_func(function ($passable) {
- echo $passable . PHP_EOL;
- }, 'pipes'); // 输出'pipes'
- // function
- call_user_func('testCallUserFunc' , 'pipes'); // 输出'pipes'
call_user_func_array与call_user_func基本一样,只不过传入的参数是数组:
- class TestCallUserFuncArray
- {
- public function index($request)
- {
- echo $request . PHP_EOL;
- }
- }
- /**
- * @param $test
- */
- function testCallUserFuncArray($test)
- {
- echo $test . PHP_EOL;
- }
- // [$class, $method]
- call_user_func_array(['TestCallUserFuncArray', 'index'], ['pipes']); // 输出'pipes'
- // Closure
- call_user_func_array(function ($passable) {
- echo $passable . PHP_EOL;
- }, ['pipes']); // 输出'pipes'
- // function
- call_user_func_array('testCallUserFuncArray' , ['pipes']); // 输出'pipes'
Middleware源码解析
了解了几个PHP内置函数后再去看下Middleware源码就比较简单了。Laravel学习笔记之IoC Container实例化源码解析已经聊过Application的实例化,得到index.php中的$app变量,即\Illuminate\Foundation\Application的实例化对象。然后继续看下index.php的源码:
- /**
- * @var \App\Http\Kernel $kernel
- */
- $kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
- $response = $kernel->handle(
- $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
- );
- $response->send();
- $kernel->terminate($request, $response);
首先从容器中解析出Kernel对象,对于\App\Http\Kernel对象的依赖:\Illuminate\Foundation\Application和\Illuminate\Routing\Router,容器会自动解析。看下Kernel的构造函数:
- /**
- * Create a new HTTP kernel instance.
- *
- * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application $app
- * @param \Illuminate\Routing\Router $router
- */
- public function __construct(Application $app, Router $router)
- {
- $this->app = $app;
- $this->router = $router;
- foreach ($this->middlewareGroups as $key => $middleware) {
- $router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
- }
- foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
- $router->middleware($key, $middleware);
- }
- }
- // \Illuminate\Routing\Router内的方法
- public function middlewareGroup($name, array $middleware)
- {
- $this->middlewareGroups[$name] = $middleware;
- return $this;
- }
- public function middleware($name, $class)
- {
- $this->middleware[$name] = $class;
- return $this;
- }
构造函数初始化了几个中间件数组,$middleware[ ], $middlewareGroups[ ]和$routeMiddleware[ ],Laravel5.0的时候记得中间件数组还没有分的这么细。然后就是Request的实例化:
- $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
这个过程以后再聊吧,不管咋样,得到了Illuminate\Http\Request对象,然后传入Kernel中:
- /**
- * Handle an incoming HTTP request.
- *
- * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
- * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
- */
- public function handle($request)
- {
- try {
- $request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
- $response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
- } catch (Exception $e) {
- $this->reportException($e);
- $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
- } catch (Throwable $e) {
- $this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));
- $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
- }
- $this->app['events']->fire('kernel.handled', [$request, $response]);
- return $response;
- }
主要是sendRequestThroughRouter($request)函数执行了转换操作:把\Illuminate\Http\Request对象转换成了\Illuminate\Http\Response,然后通过Kernel的send()方法发送给客户端。同时,顺便触发了kernel.handled内核已处理请求事件。OK,重点关注下sendRequestThroughRouter($request)方法:
- /**
- * Send the given request through the middleware / router.
- *
- * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
- * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
- */
- protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
- {
- $this->app->instance('request', $request);
- Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');
- /* 依次执行$bootstrappers中每一个bootstrapper的bootstrap()函数,做了几件准备事情:
- 1. 环境检测
- 2. 配置加载
- 3. 日志配置
- 4. 异常处理
- 5. 注册Facades
- 6. 注册Providers
- 7. 启动服务
- protected $bootstrappers = [
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\DetectEnvironment',
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration',
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\ConfigureLogging',
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions',
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades',
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders',
- 'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders',
- ];*/
- $this->bootstrap();
- return (new Pipeline($this->app))
- ->send($request)
- ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
- ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
- }
$this->bootstrap()主要是做了程序初始化工作,以后再聊具体细节。然后是Pipeline来传输Request,Laravel中把Pipeline管道单独拿出来作为一个service(可看Illuminate/Pipeline文件夹),说明Pipeline做的事情还是很重要的:主要就是作为Request的传输管道,依次通过$middlewares[ ], 或middlewareGroups[ ], 或$routeMiddleware[ ]这些中间件的前置操作,和控制器的某个action或者直接闭包处理得到Response,然后又带着Reponse依次通过$middlewares[ ], 或middlewareGroups[ ], 或$routeMiddleware[ ]这些中间件的后置操作得到准备就绪的Response,然后通过send()发送给客户端。
这个过程有点像汽车工厂的生产一样,Pipeline是传送带,起初Request可能就是个汽车空壳子,经过传送带旁边的一个个机械手middleware@before的过滤和操作(如检查零件刚度是不是合格,壳子尺寸是不是符合要求,给壳子喷个漆或抹个油啥的),然后进入中央控制区加个发动机(Controller@action,或Closure),然后又继续经过检查和附加操作middleware@after(如添加个挡风镜啥的),然后通过门外等着的火车直接运送到消费者手里send()。在每一步装配过程中,都需要Service来支持,Service是通过Container来解析{make()}提供的,并且Service是通过ServiceProvider注册绑定{bind(),singleton(),instance()}到Container中的。
看下Pipeline的send()和through()源码:
- public function send($passable)
- {
- $this->passable = $passable;
- return $this;
- }
- public function through($pipes)
- {
- $this->pipes = is_array($pipes) ? $pipes : func_get_args();
- return $this;
- }
send()传送的对象是Request,through()所要通过的对象是$middleware[ ],OK,再看下dispatchToRouter()的源码直接返回一个Closure:
- protected function dispatchToRouter()
- {
- return function ($request) {
- $this->app->instance('request', $request);
- return $this->router->dispatch($request);
- };
- }
然后重点看下then()函数源码:
- public function then(Closure $destination)
- {
- $firstSlice = $this->getInitialSlice($destination);
- $pipes = array_reverse($this->pipes);
- // $this->passable = Request对象
- return call_user_func(
- array_reduce($pipes, $this->getSlice(), $firstSlice), $this->passable
- );
- }
- protected function getInitialSlice(Closure $destination)
- {
- return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
- return call_user_func($destination, $passable);
- };
- }
这里假设$middlewares为(尽管源码中$middlewares只有一个CheckForMaintenanceMode::class):
- $middlewares = [
- CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
- AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
- StartSession::class,
- ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
- VerifyCsrfToken::class,
- ];
先获得***个slice(这里作者是比作'洋葱',一层层的穿过,从一侧穿过到另一侧,比喻倒也形象)并作为array_reduce()的初始值,就像上文中array_reduce()测试例子中的10这个初始值,这个初始值现在是个闭包:
- $destination = function ($request) {
- $this->app->instance('request', $request);
- return $this->router->dispatch($request);
- };
- $firstSlice = function ($passable) use ($destination) {
- return call_user_func($destination, $passable);
- };
OK,然后要对$middlewares[ ]进行翻转,为啥要翻转呢?
看过这篇Laravel学习笔记之Decorator Pattern文章就会发现,在Client类利用Decorator Pattern进行依次装饰的时候,是按照$middlewares[ ]数组中值倒着new的:
- public function wrapDecorator(IMiddleware $decorator)
- {
- $decorator = new VerifyCsrfToken($decorator);
- $decorator = new ShareErrorsFromSession($decorator);
- $decorator = new StartSession($decorator);
- $decorator = new AddQueuedCookiesToResponse($decorator);
- $response = new CheckForMaintenanceMode($decorator);
- return $response;
- }
这样才能得到一个符合$middlewares[ ]顺序的$response对象:
- $response = new CheckForMaintenanceMode(
- new AddQueuedCookiesToResponse(
- new StartSession(
- new ShareErrorsFromSession(
- new VerifyCsrfToken(
- new Request()
- )
- )
- )
- )
- );
看下array_reduce()中的迭代回调函数getSlice(){这个迭代回调函数比作剥洋葱时获取每一层洋葱slice,初始值是$firstSlice}:
- protected function getSlice()
- {
- return function ($stack, $pipe) {
- return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- if ($pipe instanceof Closure) {
- return call_user_func($pipe, $passable, $stack);
- } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
- list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
- $pipe = $this->container->make($name);
- $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
- } else{
- $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
- }
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, $this->method], $parameters);
- };
- };
- }
返回的是个闭包,仔细看下第二层闭包里的逻辑,这里$middlewares[ ]传入的是每一个中间件的名字,然后通过容器解析出每一个中间件对象:
- $pipe = $this->container->make($name);
并***用call_user_func_array([$class, $method], array $parameters)来调用这个$class里的$method方法,参数是$parameters。
Demo
接下来写个demo看下整个流程。先简化下getSlice()函数,这里就默认$pipe传入的是类名称(整个demo中所有class都在同一个文件内):
- // PipelineTest.php
- // Get the slice in every step.
- function getSlice()
- {
- return function ($stack, $pipe) {
- return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
- };
- }
再把$middlewares[ ]中五个中间件类写上,对于前置操作和后置操作做个简化,直接echo字符串:
- // PipelineTest.php
- <?php
- interface Middleware
- {
- public static function handle($request, Closure $closure);
- }
- class CheckForMaintenanceMode implements Middleware
- {
- public static function handle($request, Closure $next)
- {
- echo $request . ': Check if the application is in the maintenance status.' . PHP_EOL;
- $next($request);
- }
- }
- class AddQueuedCookiesToResponse implements Middleware
- {
- public static function handle($request, Closure $next)
- {
- $next($request);
- echo $request . ': Add queued cookies to the response.' . PHP_EOL;
- }
- }
- class StartSession implements Middleware
- {
- public static function handle($request, Closure $next)
- {
- echo $request . ': Start session of this request.' . PHP_EOL;
- $next($request);
- echo $request . ': Close session of this response.' . PHP_EOL;
- }
- }
- class ShareErrorsFromSession implements Middleware
- {
- public static function handle($request, Closure $next)
- {
- $next($request);
- echo $request . ': Share the errors variable from response to the views.' . PHP_EOL;
- }
- }
- class VerifyCsrfToken implements Middleware
- {
- public static function handle($request, Closure $next)
- {
- echo $request . ': Verify csrf token when post request.' . PHP_EOL;
- $next($request);
- }
- }
给上完整的一个Pipeline类,这里的Pipeline对Laravel中的Pipeline做了稍微简化,只选了几个重要的函数:
- // PipelineTest.php
- class Pipeline
- {
- /**
- * @var array
- */
- protected $middlewares = [];
- /**
- * @var int
- */
- protected $request;
- // Get the initial slice
- function getInitialSlice(Closure $destination)
- {
- return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
- return call_user_func($destination, $passable);
- };
- }
- // Get the slice in every step.
- function getSlice()
- {
- return function ($stack, $pipe) {
- return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
- };
- }
- // When process the Closure, send it as parameters. Here, input an int number.
- function send(int $request)
- {
- $this->request = $request;
- return $this;
- }
- // Get the middlewares array.
- function through(array $middlewares)
- {
- $this->middlewares = $middlewares;
- return $this;
- }
- // Run the Filters.
- function then(Closure $destination)
- {
- $firstSlice = $this->getInitialSlice($destination);
- $pipes = array_reverse($this->middlewares);
- $run = array_reduce($pipes, $this->getSlice(), $firstSlice);
- return call_user_func($run, $this->request);
- }
- }
OK,现在开始传入Request,这里简化为一个整数而不是Request对象了:
- // PipelineTest.php
- /**
- * @return \Closure
- */
- function dispatchToRouter()
- {
- return function ($request) {
- echo $request . ': Send Request to the Kernel, and Return Response.' . PHP_EOL;
- };
- }
- $request = 10;
- $middlewares = [
- CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
- AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
- StartSession::class,
- ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
- VerifyCsrfToken::class,
- ];
- (new Pipeline())->send($request)->through($middlewares)->then(dispatchToRouter());
执行php PipelineTest.php得到Response:
- 10: Check if the application is in the maintenance status.
- 10: Start session of this request.
- 10: Verify csrf token when post request.
- 10: Send Request to the Kernel, and Return Response.
- 10: Share the errors variable from response to the views.
- 10: Close session of this response.
- 10: Add queued cookies to the response.
一步一步分析下执行过程:
1.首先获取$firstSlice
- $destination = function ($request) {
- echo $request . ': Send Request to the Kernel, and Return Response.' . PHP_EOL;
- };
- $firstSlice = function ($passable) use ($destination) {
- return call_user_func($destination, $passable);
- };
这时经过初始化后:
- $this->request = 10;
- $pipes = [
- VerifyCsrfToken::class,
- ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
- StartSession::class,
- AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
- CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
- ];
2.执行***次getSlice()后的结果作为新的$stack,其值为:
- $stack = $firstSlice;
- $pipe = VerifyCsrfToken::class;
- $stack_1 = function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
3.执行第二次getSlice()后的结果作为新的$stack,其值为:
- $stack = $stack_1;
- $pipe = ShareErrorsFromSession::class;
- $stack_2 = function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
4.执行第三次getSlice()后的结果作为新的$stack,其值为:
- $stack = $stack_2;
- $pipe = StartSession::class;
- $stack_3 = function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
5.执行第四次getSlice()后的结果作为新的$stack,其值为:
- $stack = $stack_3;
- $pipe = AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class;
- $stack_4 = function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
6.执行第五次getSlice()后的结果作为新的$stack,其值为:
- $stack = $stack_4;
- $pipe = CheckForMaintenanceMode::class;
- $stack_5 = function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
- /**
- * @var Middleware $pipe
- */
- return call_user_func_array([$pipe, 'handle'], [$passable, $stack]);
- };
这时,$stack_5也就是then()里的$run,然后执行call_user_func($run, 10),看执行过程:
1.$stack_5(10) = CheckForMaintenanceMode::handle(10, $stack_4)
- echo '10: Check if the application is in the maintenance status.' . PHP_EOL;
- stack_4(10);
2.$stack_4(10) = AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::handle(10, $stack_3)
- $stack_3(10);
- echo '10: Add queued cookies to the response.' . PHP_EOL;
3.$stack_3(10) = StartSession::handle(10, $stack_2)
- echo '10: Start session of this request.' . PHP_EOL;
- $stack_2(10);
- echo '10: Close session of this response.' . PHP_EOL;
4.$stack_2(10) = ShareErrorsFromSession::handle(10, $stack_1)
- $stack_1(10);
- echo '10: Share the errors variable from response to the views.' . PHP_EOL;
5.$stack_1(10) = VerifyCsrfToken::handle(10, $firstSlice)
- echo '10: Verify csrf token when post request.' . PHP_EOL;
- $firstSlice(10);
6.$firstSlice(10) =
- $firstSlice(10) = call_user_func($destination, 10) = echo '10: Send Request to the Kernel, and Return Response.' . PHP_EOL;
OK,再把上面执行顺序整理一下:
- 1. echo '10: Check if the application is in the maintenance status.' . PHP_EOL; // ***个step
- 3_1. echo '10: Start session of this request.' . PHP_EOL; // 第三个step
- 5. echo '10: Verify csrf token when post request.' . PHP_EOL; // 第五个step
- 6.echo '10: Send Request to the Kernel, and Return Response.' . PHP_EOL; //第六个step
- 4. echo '10: Share the errors variable from response to the views.' . PHP_EOL; // 第四个step
- 3_2. echo '10: Close session of this response.' . PHP_EOL; // 第三个step
- 2. echo '10: Add queued cookies to the response.' . PHP_EOL; // 第二个step
经过上面的一步步分析,就能很清楚Laravel源码中Middleware的执行步骤了。再复杂的步骤只要一步步拆解,就很清晰每一步的逻辑,然后把步骤组装,就能知道全貌了。
总结:本文主要学习了Laravel的Middleware的源码,学习完后就知道没有什么神秘之处,只需要动手一步步拆解就行。后面再学习下Container的源码,到时见。