最近公司的项目中用到了相机,由于不用系统的相机,UI给的相机切图,必须自定义才可以。就花时间简单研究了一下相机的自定义。
相机属于系统硬件,这就需要我们来手动调用iPhone的相机硬件,分为以下步骤:
1、首先声明以下对象
- #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
- //捕获设备,通常是前置摄像头,后置摄像头,麦克风(音频输入)
- @property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureDevice *device;
- //AVCaptureDeviceInput 代表输入设备,他使用AVCaptureDevice 来初始化
- @property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureDeviceInput *input;
- //输出图片
- @property (nonatomic ,strong) AVCaptureStillImageOutput *imageOutput;
- //session:由他把输入输出结合在一起,并开始启动捕获设备(摄像头)
- @property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureSession *session;
- //图像预览层,实时显示捕获的图像
- @property (nonatomic ,strong) AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *previewLayer;
2、初始化各个对象
- - (void)cameraDistrict
- {
- // AVCaptureDevicePositionBack 后置摄像头
- // AVCaptureDevicePositionFront 前置摄像头
- self.device = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];
- self.input = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:self.device error:nil];
- self.imageOutput = [[AVCaptureStillImageOutput alloc] init];
- self.session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
- // 拿到的图像的大小可以自行设定
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset320x240
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset352x288
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset960x540
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset1280x720
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset1920x1080
- // AVCaptureSessionPreset3840x2160
- self.session.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480;
- //输入输出设备结合
- if ([self.session canAddInput:self.input]) {
- [self.session addInput:self.input];
- }
- if ([self.session canAddOutput:self.imageOutput]) {
- [self.session addOutput:self.imageOutput];
- }
- //预览层的生成
- self.previewLayer = [[AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer alloc] initWithSession:self.session];
- self.previewLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 64, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT-64);
- self.previewLayer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
- [self.view.layer addSublayer:self.previewLayer];
- //设备取景开始
- [self.session startRunning];
- if ([_device lockForConfiguration:nil]) {
- //自动闪光灯,
- if ([_device isFlashModeSupported:AVCaptureFlashModeAuto]) {
- [_device setFlashMode:AVCaptureFlashModeAuto];
- }
- //自动白平衡,但是好像一直都进不去
- if ([_device isWhiteBalanceModeSupported:AVCaptureWhiteBalanceModeAutoWhiteBalance]) {
- [_device setWhiteBalanceMode:AVCaptureWhiteBalanceModeAutoWhiteBalance];
- }
- [_device unlockForConfiguration];
- }
- }
根据前后置位置拿到相应的摄像头:
- - (AVCaptureDevice *)cameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)position{
- NSArray *devices = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
- for ( AVCaptureDevice *device in devices )
- if ( device.position == position ){
- return device;
- }
- return nil;
- }
3、拍照拿到相应图片:
- - (void)photoBtnDidClick
- {
- AVCaptureConnection *conntion = [self.imageOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
- if (!conntion) {
- NSLog(@"拍照失败!");
- return;
- }
- [self.imageOutput captureStillImageAsynchronouslyFromConnection:conntion completionHandler:^(CMSampleBufferRef imageDataSampleBuffer, NSError *error) {
- if (imageDataSampleBuffer == nil) {
- return ;
- }
- NSData *imageData = [AVCaptureStillImageOutput jpegStillImageNSDataRepresentation:imageDataSampleBuffer];
- self.image = [UIImage imageWithData:imageData];
- [self.session stopRunning];
- [self.view addSubview:self.cameraImageView];
- }
4、前后置摄像头的切换
- - (void)changeCamera{
- NSUInteger cameraCount = [[AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] count];
- if (cameraCount > 1) {
- NSError *error;
- //给摄像头的切换添加翻转动画
- CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation];
- animation.duration = .5f;
- animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
- animation.type = @"oglFlip";
- AVCaptureDevice *newCamera = nil;
- AVCaptureDeviceInput *newInput = nil;
- //拿到另外一个摄像头位置
- AVCaptureDevicePosition position = [[_input device] position];
- if (position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront){
- newCamera = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionBack];
- animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft;//动画翻转方向
- }
- else {
- newCamera = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];
- animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromRight;//动画翻转方向
- }
- //生成新的输入
- newInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:newCamera error:nil];
- [self.previewLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];
- if (newInput != nil) {
- [self.session beginConfiguration];
- [self.session removeInput:self.input];
- if ([self.session canAddInput:newInput]) {
- [self.session addInput:newInput];
- self.input = newInput;
- } else {
- [self.session addInput:self.input];
- }
- [self.session commitConfiguration];
- } else if (error) {
- NSLog(@"toggle carema failed, error = %@", error);
- }
- }
- }
5、相机的其它参数设置
- //AVCaptureFlashMode 闪光灯
- //AVCaptureFocusMode 对焦
- //AVCaptureExposureMode 曝光
- //AVCaptureWhiteBalanceMode 白平衡
- //闪光灯和白平衡可以在生成相机时候设置
- //曝光要根据对焦点的光线状况而决定,所以和对焦一块写
- //point为点击的位置
- - (void)focusAtPoint:(CGPoint)point{
- CGSize size = self.view.bounds.size;
- CGPoint focusPoint = CGPointMake( point.y /size.height ,1-point.x/size.width );
- NSError *error;
- if ([self.device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
- //对焦模式和对焦点
- if ([self.device isFocusModeSupported:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus]) {
- [self.device setFocusPointOfInterest:focusPoint];
- [self.device setFocusMode:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus];
- }
- //曝光模式和曝光点
- if ([self.device isExposureModeSupported:AVCaptureExposureModeAutoExpose ]) {
- [self.device setExposurePointOfInterest:focusPoint];
- [self.device setExposureMode:AVCaptureExposureModeAutoExpose];
- }
- [self.device unlockForConfiguration];
- //设置对焦动画
- _focusView.center = point;
- _focusView.hidden = NO;
- [UIView animateWithDuration:0.3 animations:^{
- _focusView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.25, 1.25);
- }completion:^(BOOL finished) {
- [UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{
- _focusView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
- } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
- _focusView.hidden = YES;
- }];
- }];
- }
- }
6、遇到的一些坑和解决办法
1) 前后置摄像头的切换
前后值不能切换,各种尝试找了半天没找到有原因。后来发现我在设置图片尺寸的时候设置为1080P [self.session canSetSessionPreset: AVCaptureSessionPreset1920x1080] ,前置摄像头并不支持这么大的尺寸,所以就不能切换前置摄像头。我验证了下 前置摄像头最高支持720P,720P以内可自由切换。
当然也可以在前后置摄像头切换的时候,根据前后摄像头来设置不同的尺寸,这里不在赘述。
2)焦点位置
CGPoint focusPoint = CGPointMake( point.y /size.height ,1-point.x/size.width );
setExposurePointOfInterest:focusPoint 函数后面Point取值范围是取景框左上角(0,0)到取景框右下角(1,1)之间。官方是这么写的:
The value of this property is a CGPoint that determines the receiver's focus point of interest, if it has one. A value of (0,0) indicates that the camera should focus on the top left corner of the image, while a value of (1,1) indicates that it should focus on the bottom right. The default value is (0.5,0.5).
我也试了按这个来但位置就是不对,只能按上面的写法才可以。前面是点击位置的y/PreviewLayer的高度,后面是1-点击位置的x/PreviewLayer的宽度
3)对焦和曝光
我在设置对焦是 先设置了模式setFocusMode,后设置对焦位置,就会导致很奇怪的现象,对焦位置是你上次点击的位置。所以一定要先设置位置,再设置对焦模式。
曝光同上
7、写在最后
附上demo:https://github.com/nanshanyi/photographDemo
常用到的基本就这么多,写的并不完善,有什么不对的,欢迎大家批评指正,共同学习。