服务的简单说明
一、 前台服务与IntentService:
前台服务可以一直保持运行状态,而不会由于系统内存不足的原因导致被回收
service服务测试的准备代码
我们通过一个具体的案例来说明start与bind方式的service服务的生命周期的介绍。项目结果如下:
一、 在MainActivity.java中做一些初始化工作,如下代码:
- private final static String TAG = "MyIntentService";
- private MyIntentService.MyBinder binder;
- private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
- @Override
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
- binder = (MyIntentService.MyBinder) service;
- binder.sayHello(name.getClassName());
- }
- @Override
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
- Log.i(TAG, "service disconnect: " + name.getClassName());
- }
- };
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- }
二、 创建一个简单的IntentService服务类:MyIntentService
- package com.example.linux.intentservicetest;
- import android.app.IntentService;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Binder;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {
- private final static String TAG = "MyIntentService";
- private MyBinder myBinder = new MyBinder();
- class MyBinder extends Binder {
- public void sayHello(String name) {
- Log.i(TAG, "say hello method: " + name);
- }
- public void sayWorld(String name) {
- Log.i(TAG, "say world method: " + name);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return myBinder;
- }
- public MyIntentService() {
- super("MyIntentService");
- Log.i(TAG, "myintent service constructor.");
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- Log.i(TAG, "on create.");
- super.onCreate();
- }
- @Override
- protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
- Log.i(TAG, "handle intent: " + intent.getStringExtra("username") + ", thread: " + Thread.currentThread());
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- Log.i(TAG, "on destroy.");
- }
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- Log.i(TAG, "on start command.");
- return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
- //默认返回false
- String username = intent.getStringExtra("username");
- Log.i(TAG, "on unbind: " + super.onUnbind(intent) + ", username: " + username);
- return true;
- }
- @Override
- public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
- Log.i(TAG, "on rebind");
- super.onRebind(intent);
- }
- }
三、 创建一个简单的前台服务类:FrontService
- package com.example.linux.intentservicetest;
- import android.app.Notification;
- import android.app.PendingIntent;
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class FrontService extends Service {
- private final static String TAG = "MyIntentService";
- public FrontService() {
- Log.i(TAG, "front service constructor");
- }
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- super.onCreate();
- Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
- Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
- PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent,
- PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
- builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher).setTicker("ticker");
- builder.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()).setAutoCancel(true);
- builder.setContentTitle("content title").setContentText("content text");
- builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
- Notification notify = builder.getNotification();
- notify.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_ALL;
- startForeground(10, notify);
- }
- }
四、 在AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务与活动:
- <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <service
- android:name=".MyIntentService"
- android:exported="false">
- </service>
- <service
- android:name=".FrontService"
- android:enabled="true"
- android:exported="true">
- </service>
Intent服务的使用
一、 在MainActivity中创建方法,启动停止服务:
- // 开启服务
- public void startService(View view) {
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.putExtra("username", "linux");
- intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
- startService(intent);
- }
- // 停止服务
- public void stopService(View view) {
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
- stopService(intent);
- }
二、 在MainActivity中创建方法,绑定解绑服务:
- // 绑定服务
- public void bindService(View view) {
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
- intent.putExtra("username", "linux");
- boolean isBind = bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
- Log.i(TAG, "bind service: " + isBind);
- }
- // 解绑服务
- public void unbindService(View view) {
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
- unbindService(connection);
- }
三、 运行结果:
点击start:
- 03-25 08:01:53.460 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: myintent service constructor.
- 03-25 08:01:53.460 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: on create.
- 03-25 08:01:53.475 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: on start command.
- 03-25 08:01:53.477 8389-8727/? I/MyIntentService: handle intent: linux, thread: Thread[IntentService[MyIntentService],5,main]
- 03-25 08:01:53.478 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: on destroy.
点击stop:无输出
点击bind:
- 03-25 08:02:25.421 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: bind service: true
- 03-25 08:02:25.422 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: myintent service constructor.
- 03-25 08:02:25.422 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: on create.
- 03-25 08:02:25.432 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: say hello method: com.example.linux.intentservicetest.MyIntentService
点击unbind:
- 03-25 08:02:28.486 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: on unbind: false, username: linux
- 03-25 08:02:28.490 8389-8389/? I/MyIntentService: on destroy.
前台服务的使用
一、 在MainActivity中创建方法,启动前台服务:
- // 前台服务的使用
- public void frontService(View view) {
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, FrontService.class);
- startService(intent);
- }
二、 运行结果: 在手机的通知栏中
IntentService的原理分析
一、 intentService是继承Service的抽象方法:
- public abstract class IntentService extends Service
二、 intentService包含的一些字段引用如下:
- private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
- private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
- private String mName;
- private boolean mRedelivery;
- private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
- public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
- super(looper);
- }
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
- stopSelf(msg.arg1);
- }
- }
二、 和service一样在启动的时候,首先是执行构造方法,接着是onCreate方法,然后是onStartCommand方法,在onStartCommand中执行了onStart方法(执行流程在android基础---->service的生命周期讲过):
onCreate方法,开启了一个线程,并且得到Looper与初始化了一个Handler
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
- // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
- // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
- super.onCreate();
- HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
- thread.start();
- mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
- mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
- }
onStart方法,用上述的Handler发送信息
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
- Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
- msg.arg1 = startId;
- msg.obj = intent;
- mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
- }
onStartCommand方法,调用onStart方法,发送信息
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- onStart(intent, startId);
- return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
- }
***上述的Handler得到信息,调用handleMessage方法,其中有stopSelf(msg.arg1)方法,停止了服务:
三、 这里附上service类的两个方法,源代码是android6.0的
在Service中的onStart方法已经被废弃了:
- /**
- * @deprecated Implement {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} instead.
- */
- @Deprecated
- public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
- }
在onStartCommand的方法中
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- onStart(intent, startId);
- return mStartCompatibility ? START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY : START_STICKY;
- }