本文将和大家一起分享下5.7的新特性,不过我们要先从即将被删除的特性以及建议不再使用的特性说起。根据这些情况,我们在新版本及以后的版本中,应该不再使用,避免未来产生兼容性问题。
本文是基于MySQL-5.7.7-rc版本,未来可能 还会发生更多变化。
1、SQL MODE变化
a. 默认启用 STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 模式;
b. 对 ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY 模式实现了更复杂的特性支持,并且也被默认启用;
c. 其他被默认启用的sql mode还有 NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION;
【iMySQL建议】
对广大MySQL使用者而言,以往不是那么严格的模式还是很方便的,在5.7版本下可能会觉得略为不适,慢慢习惯吧。比如向一个20字符长度的VARCHAR列写入30个字符,在以前会自动阶段并给个提示告警,而在5.7版本下,则直接抛出错误了。个人认为这倒是一个好的做法,避免各种奇葩的写法。
【新特性实践】
- -- 查看默认的 sql_mode
- [yejr@imysql.com]> select @@sql_mode;
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | @@sql_mode |
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- -- 插入50个字符
- [yejr@imysql.com]> insert into t_char select 0, repeat('x',50);
- ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'uname' at row 1
- -- 修改本 session 的 sql_mode
- [yejr@imysql.com]> set sql_mode = 'ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- -- 去掉 STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 模式后
- [yejr@imysql.com]> select @@sql_mode;
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | @@sql_mode |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------+
- [yejr@imysql.com]> insert into t_char select 0, repeat('x',50);
- Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -- 提示有告警信息
- Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 1
- [yejr@imysql.com]> show warnings;
- +---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
- | Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'uname' at row 1 |
- +---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
因为 uname 字段的长度为 40 个字符。
2、优化online操作,例如修改buffer pool、修改索引名(非主键)、修改REPLICATION FILTER、修改MATER而无需关闭SLAVE线程 等众多特性。
可以在线修改buffer pool对DBA来说实在太方便了,实例运行过程中可以动态调整,避免事先分配不合理的情况,不过 innodb_buffer_pool_instances 不能修改,而且在 innodb_buffer_pool_instances 大于 1 时,也不能将 buffer pool 调整到 1GB 以内,需要稍加注意。
如果是加大buffer pool,其过程大致是:
- 1、以innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size为单位,分配新的内存pages;
- 2、扩展buffer pool的AHI(adaptive hash index)链表,将新分配的pages包含进来;
- 3、将新分配的pages添加到free list中;
如果是缩减buffer pool,其过程则大致是:
- 1、重整buffer pool,准备回收pages;
- 2、以innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size为单位,释放删除这些pages(这个过程会有一点点耗时);
- 3、调整AHI链表,使用新的内存地址。
实际测试时,发现在线修改 buffer poo 的代价并不大,SQL命令提交完毕后都是瞬间完成,而后台进程的耗时也并不太久。在一个并发128线程跑tpcc压测的环境中,将 buffer pool 从32G扩展到48G,后台线程耗时 3秒,而从 48G 缩减回 32G 则耗时 18秒,期间压测的事务未发生任何锁等待。
- -- 演示1:从 1G 扩大到 16G
- [yejr@imysql.com]> SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size = 51539607552;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- -- 看看日志记录
- 09:21:19.460543Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Resizing buffer pool from 1073741824 to 17179869184. (unit=134217728)
- 09:21:19.468069Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: disabled adaptive hash index.
- 09:21:20.760724Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : 60 chunks (491511 blocks) were added.
- 09:21:21.922869Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : 60 chunks (491520 blocks) were added.
- 09:21:21.935114Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : hash tables were resized.
- 09:21:21.947264Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : hash tables were resized.
- 09:21:22.203031Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Resized hash tables at lock_sys, adaptive hash index, dictionary.
- 09:21:22.203062Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed to resize buffer pool from 1073741824 to 17179869184.
- 09:21:22.203075Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Re-enabled adaptive hash index.
- -- 演示2:从 16G 缩减到 1G
- [yejr@imysql.com]> SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1073741824;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- -- 看看日志记录
- 09:22:55.591669Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Resizing buffer pool from 17179869184 to 1073741824. (unit=134217728)
- 09:22:55.680836Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: disabled adaptive hash index.
- 09:22:55.680864Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : start to withdraw the last 491511 blocks.
- 09:22:55.765778Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : withdrew 489812 blocks from free list. Tried to relocate 1698 pages (491510/491511).
- 09:22:55.774492Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : withdrew 0 blocks from free list. Tried to relocate 1 pages (491511/491511).
- 09:22:55.782745Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : withdrawn target 491511 blocks.
- 09:22:55.782786Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : start to withdraw the last 491520 blocks.
- 09:22:55.892068Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : withdrew 489350 blocks from free list. Tried to relocate 2166 pages (491517/491520).
- 09:22:55.900743Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : withdrew 0 blocks from free list. Tried to relocate 2 pages (491519/491520).
- 09:22:55.908257Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : withdrew 0 blocks from free list. Tried to relocate 0 pages (491519/491520).
- 09:22:55.915778Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : withdrew 0 blocks from free list. Tried to relocate 1 pages (491520/491520).
- 09:22:55.923836Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : withdrawn target 491520 blocks.
- 09:22:56.149172Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : 60 chunks (491511 blocks) were freed.
- 09:22:56.308997Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : 60 chunks (491520 blocks) were freed.
- 09:22:56.316258Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 0 : hash tables were resized.
- 09:22:56.324027Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: buffer pool 1 : hash tables were resized.
- 09:22:56.393589Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Resized hash tables at lock_sys, adaptive hash index, dictionary.
- 09:22:56.393616Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed to resize buffer pool from 17179869184 to 1073741824.
- 09:22:56.393628Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Re-enabled adaptive hash index.
再来看下在线修改非主键索引名,直接用 ALTER TABLE RENAME INDEX 语法即可。
【新特性实践】
例如下面的SQL语法:
- [yejr@imysql.com]> ALTER TABLE orders RENAME INDEX idx1 TO idxxx1;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
可以看到,几乎瞬间完成,尽管我在执行这个SQL时正跑着64个并发tpcc压测。