一、“后退键”不会终止应用
关于 Windows Phone 8.1 的应用生命周期,***个要知道的关键就是:“后退键”不会终止应用!
在 8.0 时代,不断的按下“后退键”就可以完全的关闭并且终止应用,但在 8.1 中,这样的行为只会让应用处在 Suspended(挂起)状态,可以通过长按“后退键”进入多任务界面查看。
那如果还想像 8.0 一样终止应用呢?(虽然不推荐也没有必要)可以在多任务界面点击应用右上角的“叉叉”或者向下滑。
二、应用生命周期
应用的三个状态分别是:
A:NotRunning
也就是还没开启过应用,在多任务界面没有该应用时。
B:Running
在屏幕上显示的应用就是 Running 状态,同时只会有 1 个应用处于 Running 状态。
C:Suspended
不在屏幕上显示并能在多任务界面查看的应用则处于 Suspended(挂起)状态。
三种状态间切换的操作:
(1)NotRunning -> Running
要从 NotRunning 切换到 Running 状态,其实也就是开启应用,可通过点击应用磁贴、应用间协议启动、Cortana等方式。
在状态的切换过程中会触发 OnLaunched 事件。
(2)Running -> Suspended
当应用不再占据屏幕时则从 Running 切换到 Suspended 状态,可以是“Win”键、“返回键”,有电话打来时也会挂起。
在状态的切换过程中会触发 OnSuspending 事件。
(3)Suspended -> Running
如果在应用挂起状态时没有因为某些原因(比如内存不足)导致应用终止的话,点击磁贴或者多任务切换都会让应用从 Suspender 返回到 Running 状态。
在状态的切换过程中会依次触发 OnResuming 和 OnLaunched 事件。
(4)Suspended -> NotRunning
如果在应用挂起状态时因为某些原因(比如内存不足)导致应用终止的话,则会从 Suspended 变成 NotRunning 状态。
在这过程不会触发任何事件。
#p#
三、OnSuspending
因为应用在挂起状态时,并不能预测应用是否会因为某些原因(比如内存不足)而终止,而在这终止过程中也没有事件让开发者处理应用数据,所以只能在应用将要挂起时准备。因此 OnSuspending 事件变得十分重要。
若要使用 OnSuspending 方法则先要在构造函数中添加对其的引用:
- public App()
- {
- this.InitializeComponent();
- this.Suspending += OnSuspending;
而在 OnSuspending 方法中可以根据需要保存页面数据,比如输入框内的文本、页面导航历史等,可以通过保存在应用独立存储中或利用 NavigationHelper 和 SuspensionManager 类等:
- async void OnSuspending(object sender, SuspendingEventArgs e)
- {
- SuspendingDeferral deferral = e.SuspendingOperation.GetDeferral();
- await this.SaveStateToLocalFile(Data.Value);
- await SuspensionManager.SaveAsync();
- deferral.Complete();
如果只想保存某个页面的信息则可以在 SaveState 中保存
- private void NavigationHelper_SaveState(object sender, SaveStateEventArgs e)
- {
- e.PageState["isEditing"] = true;
- e.PageState["currentText"] = this.viewModel.DataItem.Title;
- }
NavigationHelper 和 SuspensionManager 类是添加基本页时 Visual Studio 自动添加的
#p#
- public class NavigationHelper : DependencyObject
- {
- private Page Page { get; set; }
- private Frame Frame { get { return this.Page.Frame; } }
- public NavigationHelper(Page page)
- {
- this.Page = page;
- this.Page.Loaded += (sender, e) =>
- {
- WINDOWS_PHONE_APP
- Windows.Phone.UI.Input.HardwareButtons.BackPressed += HardwareButtons_BackPressed;
- e
- if
- };
- this.Page.Unloaded += (sender, e) =>
- {
- WINDOWS_PHONE_APP
- Windows.Phone.UI.Input.HardwareButtons.BackPressed -= HardwareButtons_BackPressed;
- e
- if
- };
- }
- #region Navigation support
- RelayCommand _goBackCommand;
- RelayCommand _goForwardCommand;
- public RelayCommand GoBackCommand
- {
- get
- {
- if (_goBackCommand == null)
- {
- _goBackCommand = new RelayCommand(
- () => this.GoBack(),
- () => this.CanGoBack());
- }
- return _goBackCommand;
- }
- set
- {
- _goBackCommand = value;
- }
- }
- public RelayCommand GoForwardCommand
- {
- get
- {
- if (_goForwardCommand == null)
- {
- _goForwardCommand = new RelayCommand(
- () => this.GoForward(),
- () => this.CanGoForward());
- }
- return _goForwardCommand;
- }
- }
- public virtual bool CanGoBack()
- {
- return this.Frame != null && this.Frame.CanGoBack;
- }
- public virtual bool CanGoForward()
- {
- return this.Frame != null && this.Frame.CanGoForward;
- }
- public virtual void GoBack()
- {
- if (this.Frame != null && this.Frame.CanGoBack) this.Frame.GoBack();
- }
- public virtual void GoForward()
- {
- if (this.Frame != null && this.Frame.CanGoForward) this.Frame.GoForward();
- }
- #if WINDOWS_PHONE_APP
- private void HardwareButtons_BackPressed(object sender, Windows.Phone.UI.Input.BackPressedEventArgs e)
- {
- if (this.GoBackCommand.CanExecute(null))
- {
- e.Handled = true;
- this.GoBackCommand.Execute(null);
- }
- }
- #else
- private void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher sender,
- AcceleratorKeyEventArgs e)
- {
- var virtualKey = e.VirtualKey;
- if ((e.EventType == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType.SystemKeyDown ||
- e.EventType == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType.KeyDown) &&
- (virtualKey == VirtualKey.Left || virtualKey == VirtualKey.Right ||
- (int)virtualKey == 166 || (int)virtualKey == 167))
- {
- var coreWindow = Window.Current.CoreWindow;
- var downState = CoreVirtualKeyStates.Down;
- bool menuKey = (coreWindow.GetKeyState(VirtualKey.Menu) & downState) == downState;
- bool controlKey = (coreWindow.GetKeyState(VirtualKey.Control) & downState) == downState;
- bool shiftKey = (coreWindow.GetKeyState(VirtualKey.Shift) & downState) == downState;
- bool noModifiers = !menuKey && !controlKey && !shiftKey;
- bool onlyAlt = menuKey && !controlKey && !shiftKey;
- if (((int)virtualKey == 166 && noModifiers) ||
- (virtualKey == VirtualKey.Left && onlyAlt))
- {
- e.Handled = true;
- this.GoBackCommand.Execute(null);
- }
- else if (((int)virtualKey == 167 && noModifiers) ||
- (virtualKey == VirtualKey.Right && onlyAlt))
- {
- e.Handled = true;
- this.GoForwardCommand.Execute(null);
- }
- }
- }
- private void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow sender,
- PointerEventArgs e)
- {
- var properties = e.CurrentPoint.Properties;
- if (properties.IsLeftButtonPressed || properties.IsRightButtonPressed ||
- properties.IsMiddleButtonPressed) return;
- bool backPressed = properties.IsXButton1Pressed;
- bool forwardPressed = properties.IsXButton2Pressed;
- if (backPressed ^ forwardPressed)
- {
- e.Handled = true;
- if (backPressed) this.GoBackCommand.Execute(null);
- if (forwardPressed) this.GoForwardCommand.Execute(null);
- }
- }
- #endif
- #endregion
- #region Process lifetime management
- private String _pageKey;
- public event LoadStateEventHandler LoadState;
- public event SaveStateEventHandler SaveState;
- public void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
- {
- var frameState = SuspensionManager.SessionStateForFrame(this.Frame);
- this._pageKey = "Page-" + this.Frame.BackStackDepth;
- if (e.NavigationMode == NavigationMode.New)
- {
- var nextPageKey = this._pageKey;
- int nextPageIndex = this.Frame.BackStackDepth;
- while (frameState.Remove(nextPageKey))
- {
- nextPageIndex++;
- nextPageKey = "Page-" + nextPageIndex;
- }
- if (this.LoadState != null)
- {
- this.LoadState(this, new LoadStateEventArgs(e.Parameter, null));
- }
- }
- else
- {
- if (this.LoadState != null)
- {
- this.LoadState(this, new LoadStateEventArgs(e.Parameter, (Dictionary<String, Object>)frameState[this._pageKey]));
- }
- }
- }
- public void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
- {
- var frameState = SuspensionManager.SessionStateForFrame(this.Frame);
- var pageState = new Dictionary<String, Object>();
- if (this.SaveState != null)
- {
- this.SaveState(this, new SaveStateEventArgs(pageState));
- }
- frameState[_pageKey] = pageState;
- }
- #endregion
- }
- public delegate void LoadStateEventHandler(object sender, LoadStateEventArgs e);
- public delegate void SaveStateEventHandler(object sender, SaveStateEventArgs e);
- public class LoadStateEventArgs : EventArgs
- {
- public Object NavigationParameter { get; private set; }
- public Dictionary<string, Object> PageState { get; private set; }
- public LoadStateEventArgs(Object navigationParameter, Dictionary<string, Object> pageState)
- : base()
- {
- this.NavigationParameter = navigationParameter;
- this.PageState = pageState;
- }
- }
- public class SaveStateEventArgs : EventArgs
- {
- public Dictionary<string, Object> PageState { get; private set; }
- public SaveStateEventArgs(Dictionary<string, Object> pageState)
- : base()
- {
- this.PageState = pageState;
- }
- }
四、OnResuming
既然在 OnSuspending 和 SaveState 方法中保存了必要数据,就可以在 OnResuming 和 LoadState 方法中获取之前保存的数据
- void OnResuming(object sender, object e)
- {
- Data.Value += this.CalculateOffsetTimeInDecimalSeconds(this.suspensionTime);
- }
- private void NavigationHelper_LoadState(object sender, LoadStateEventArgs e)
- {
- if ((e.PageState != null) && e.PageState.ContainsKey("isEditing"))
- {
- this.viewModel.SetEditMode();
- this.viewModel.DataItem.Title = e.PageState["currentText"] as string;
- }
- }
五、OnLaunched
首先,在 OnLaunched 方法中可以通过 e.PreviousExecutionState 了解到应用之前的状态。
状态包括:
(1)CloseByUser:被用户主动在多任务界面中关闭
(2)NotRunning:没有启动过
(3)Running:启动中
(4)Terminated:挂起状态时因内存不足被系统终止
(5)Suspended:挂起状态
因此,可以通过对此的判断,根据不同情况处理应用:
- protected async override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
- {
- Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
- if (rootFrame == null)
- {
- rootFrame = new Frame();
- SuspensionManager.RegisterFrame(rootFrame, "AppFrame");
- rootFrame.Language = Windows.Globalization.ApplicationLanguages.Languages[0];
- if (e.PreviousExecutionState == ApplicationExecutionState.Terminated)
- {
- try
- {
- await SuspensionManager.RestoreAsync();
- }
- catch (SuspensionManagerException)
- {
- }
- }
- Window.Current.Content = rootFrame;
- }
- if (rootFrame.Content == null)
- {
- rootFrame.Navigate(typeof(MainPage), e.Arguments);
- }
- Window.Current.Activate();
- }
六、注意
以上的方法尽量使用异步操作,不要进行大量的复杂操作
本文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoshi3003/p/3752895.html