最近想弄一个网页,把自己学HTML5过程中做的部分DEMO放上去做集合,但是,如果就仅仅做个网页把所有DEMO一个一个排列又觉得太难看了。就想,既然学了canvas,那就来折腾下浏览器,做个小小的开场动画吧。
开场动画的效果,想了一会,决定用粒子,因为觉得粒子比较好玩。还记得以前我写的***篇技术博文,就是讲文字图片粒子化的:文字图片粒子化 , 那时就仅仅做的是直线运动,顺便加了一点3D效果。运动公式很简单。所以就想这个开场动画就做的更动感一些吧。
先上DEMO:http://2.axescanvas.sinaapp.com/demoHome/index.html
效果是不是比直线的运动更加动感呢?而且也确实很简单,别忘了这篇博文的题目,小小滴公式,大大滴乐趣。要做出这样的效果,用的就仅仅是我们初中。。或者高中时候的物理知识,加速运动,减速运动的公式啦。所以确实是小小滴公式。楼主很喜欢折腾一些酷炫的东西,虽然可能平时工作上用不上,但是,这乐趣确实很让人着迷啊。而且,做下这些也可以加强一下编程的思维能力哈。
废话不多说,进入主题啦。就简单的解释一下原理吧~~~
粒子运动的核心代码就这么一点:
- update:function(time){
- this.x += this.vx*time;
- this.y += this.vy*time;
- if(!this.globleDown&&this.y>0){
- var yc = this.toy - this.y;
- var xc = this.tox - this.x;
- this.jl = Math.sqrt(xc*xc+yc*yc);
- var za = 20;
- var ax = za*(xc/this.jl),
- ay = za*(yc/this.jl),
- vx = (this.vx+ax*time)*0.97,
- vy = (this.vy+ay*time)*0.97;
- this.vx = vx;
- this.vy = vy;
- }else {
- var gravity = 9.8;
- var vy = this.vy+gravity*time;
- if(this.y>canvas.height){
- vy = -vy*0.7;
- }
- this.vy = vy;
- }
- },
粒子总共有两种状态,一种是自由落体,一种就是受到吸力。自由落体就不说了。说吸力之前先贴出粒子的属性:
- var Dot = function(x,y,vx,vy,tox,toy,color){
- this.x=x;
- this.y=y;
- this.vx=vx;
- this.vy=vy;
- this.nextox = tox;
- this.nextoy = toy;
- this.color = color;
- this.visible = true;
- this.globleDown = false;
- this.setEnd(tox , toy);
- }
- setEnd:function(tox , toy){
- this.tox = tox;
- this.toy = toy;
- var yc = this.toy - this.y;
- var xc = this.tox - this.x;
- },
x,y就是粒子的位置,vx是粒子水平速度,vy是粒子的垂直速度,nexttox之类知不知道都无所谓,只是暂时保存变量的。tox,和toy就是粒子的目的地位置。
首先,先给予所有粒子一个目的地,这个目的地下面再会说。也就是要粒子到达的地方,然后再定义一个变量za作为加速度,具体数值的话,就自己多测试下就会有大概参数的了,我设成20,感觉就差不多了。za是粒子和目的地之间连线的加速度,所以,我们通过粒子的位置和目的地的位置,通过简单的三角函数,就可以把粒子的水平加速度和垂直加速度求出来了,就这段
- var ax = za*(xc/this.jl),
- ay = za*(yc/this.jl),
有了水平加速度和垂直加速度后,接下来就更简单了,直接计算水平速度和垂直速度的增量,从而改变水平速度和垂直速度的值
- vx = (this.vx+ax*time)*0.97,
- vy = (this.vy+ay*time)*0.97;
之所以要乘于0.97是为了模拟能量损耗,粒子才会减速。time是每一帧的时间差
计算出速度后就更新粒子位置就行了。
- this.x += this.vx*time;
- this.y += this.vy*time;
因为粒子在飞行过程中,与目的地之间的连线方向是不停改变的,所以每一帧都要重新计算粒子的水平加速度和垂直加速度。
运动原理就是如此,是否很简单呢。
运动原理说完了,再扯一下上面那个动画的具体实现吧:动画初始化,在一个离屏canvas上把想要的字或者图片画出来,然后再通过getImageData这个方法获取离屏canvas的像素。然后用一个循环,把离屏canvas中有绘制的区域找出来,因为imageData里的data值就是一个rgba数组,所以我们判断***一个的值也就是透明度大于128就是有绘制过的区域。然后获取该区域的xy值,为了防止粒子对象过多导致页面卡顿,所以我们就限制一下粒子的数量,取像素的时候x值和y值每次递增2,从而减少粒子数量。
- this.osCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
- var osCtx = this.osCanvas.getContext("2d");
- this.osCanvas.width = 1000;
- this.osCanvas.height = 150;
- osCtx.textAlign = "center";
- osCtx.textBaseline = "middle";
- osCtx.font="70px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold";
- osCtx.fillStyle = "#1D181F"
- osCtx.fillText("WelCome" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2-40);
- osCtx.fillText("To wAxes' HOME" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2+40);
- var bigImageData = osCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);
- dots = [];
- for(var x=0;x<bigImageData.width;x+=2){
- for(var y=0;y<bigImageData.height;y+=2){
- var i = (y*bigImageData.width + x)*4;
- if(bigImageData.data[i+3]>128){
- var dot = new Dot(
- Math.random()>0.5?Math.random()*20+10:Math.random()*20+canvas.width-40,
- -Math.random()*canvas.height*2,
- 0,
- 0,
- x+(canvas.width/2-this.osCanvas.width/2),
- y+(canvas.height/2-this.osCanvas.height/2),
- "rgba("+bigImageData.data[i]+","+bigImageData.data[i+1]+","+bigImageData.data[i+2]+",1)"
- );
- dot.setEnd(canvas.width/2,canvas.height/2)
- dots.push(dot);
- }
- }
- }
通过循环获取到粒子的位置xy值后,把位置赋给粒子,成为粒子的目的地。然后动画开始,就可以做出文字图片粒子化的效果了。
#p#
下面贴出动画实现的js代码。如果对其他代码也有兴趣的,可以直接看控制台哈,没压缩的。
- var part_1 = (function(w){
- var dots = [],DOT_SIZE = 2,cube=null;
- var Dot = function(x,y,vx,vy,tox,toy,color){
- this.x=x;
- this.y=y;
- this.vx=vx;
- this.vy=vy;
- this.nextox = tox;
- this.nextoy = toy;
- this.color = color;
- this.visible = true;
- this.globleDown = false;
- this.setEnd(tox , toy);
- }
- Dot.prototype = {
- paint:function(){
- ctx.fillStyle=this.color;
- ctx.fillRect(this.x-DOT_SIZE/2 , this.y-DOT_SIZE/2 , DOT_SIZE , DOT_SIZE);
- },
- setEnd:function(tox , toy){
- this.tox = tox;
- this.toy = toy;
- var yc = this.toy - this.y;
- var xc = this.tox - this.x;
- // this.initjl = Math.sqrt(xc*xc+yc*yc);
- },
- update:function(time){
- this.x += this.vx*time;
- this.y += this.vy*time;
- if(!this.globleDown&&this.y>0){
- var yc = this.toy - this.y;
- var xc = this.tox - this.x;
- this.jl = Math.sqrt(xc*xc+yc*yc);
- var za = 20;
- var ax = za*(xc/this.jl),
- ay = za*(yc/this.jl),
- vx = (this.vx+ax*time)*0.97,
- vy = (this.vy+ay*time)*0.97;
- this.vx = vx;
- this.vy = vy;
- // if(Math.abs(this.vx)<1&&Math.abs(this.vy)<1){
- // this.y = this.toy
- // this.x = this.tox
- // }
- }else {
- var gravity = 9.8;
- var vy = this.vy+gravity*time;
- if(this.y>canvas.height){
- vy = -vy*0.7;
- }
- this.vy = vy;
- }
- },
- loop:function(time){
- this.update(time);
- this.paint();
- }
- }
- var animate = function(){
- this.state = "before"
- }
- var ap = animate.prototype;
- ap.init = function(){
- this.osCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
- var osCtx = this.osCanvas.getContext("2d");
- this.osCanvas.width = 1000;
- this.osCanvas.height = 150;
- osCtx.textAlign = "center";
- osCtx.textBaseline = "middle";
- osCtx.font="70px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold";
- osCtx.fillStyle = "#1D181F"
- osCtx.fillText("WelCome" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2-40);
- osCtx.fillText("To wAxes' HOME" , this.osCanvas.width/2 , this.osCanvas.height/2+40);
- var bigImageData = osCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);
- dots = [];
- for(var x=0;x<bigImageData.width;x+=2){
- for(var y=0;y<bigImageData.height;y+=2){
- var i = (y*bigImageData.width + x)*4;
- if(bigImageData.data[i+3]>128){
- var dot = new Dot(
- Math.random()>0.5?Math.random()*20+10:Math.random()*20+canvas.width-40,
- -Math.random()*canvas.height*2,
- 0,
- 0,
- x+(canvas.width/2-this.osCanvas.width/2),
- y+(canvas.height/2-this.osCanvas.height/2),
- "rgba("+bigImageData.data[i]+","+bigImageData.data[i+1]+","+bigImageData.data[i+2]+",1)"
- );
- dot.setEnd(canvas.width/2,canvas.height/2)
- dots.push(dot);
- }
- }
- }
- console.log(dots.length)
- }
- ap.changeState = function(){
- var osCtx = this.osCanvas.getContext("2d");
- osCtx.clearRect(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);
- this.osCanvas.width = 460;
- this.osCanvas.height = 100;
- osCtx.fillStyle="#5C5656"
- osCtx.fillRect(20,20,60,60)
- drawLogo(this.osCanvas , osCtx);
- var bigImageData = osCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.osCanvas.width,this.osCanvas.height);
- var index=0;
- dots.sort(function(a , b){
- return Math.random()-Math.random();
- })
- for(var x=0;x<bigImageData.width;x+=2){
- for(var y=0;y<bigImageData.height;y+=2){
- var i = (y*bigImageData.width + x)*4;
- if(bigImageData.data[i+3]>128){
- var d = dots[index];
- if(d){
- d.setEnd(x+(canvas.width/2-300) , y+50)
- d.color = "rgba("+bigImageData.data[i]+","+bigImageData.data[i+1]+","+bigImageData.data[i+2]+",1)";
- index++
- }
- }
- }
- }
- setTimeout(function(){
- var endindex = index;
- for(var i=0;i<dots.length-endindex;i++){
- if(dots[index]){
- var d = dots[index];
- d.globleDown = true;
- d.vx = Math.random()*100-50;
- }
- index++;
- }
- } , 2000)
- }
- function endState(){
- canvas.width = 600;
- canvas.height = 100;
- canvas.style.display="block";
- canvas.style.top = "50px";
- canvas.style.left = (window.innerWidth-canvas.width)/2+"px";
- cube = new Cube(50);
- cube._initVector(50,50);
- }
- function drawLogo(canvas , ctx){
- ctx.textAlign = "center";
- ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
- ctx.font="65px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold"
- ctx.fillStyle="#E06D2F"
- ctx.fillText("DEMO" , 300 , canvas.height/2)
- ctx.font="40px 微软雅黑,黑体 bold"
- ctx.fillStyle="#405159"
- ctx.fillText("吖猩的" , 160 , canvas.height/2)
- ctx.fillText("小窝" , 420 , canvas.height/2)
- }
- var num = 0;
- ap.update = function(time){
- time = time/100;
- if(this.state==="first"||this.state==="before"){
- var completeNum = 0;
- dots.forEach(function(dot){
- if(dot.visible) dot.loop(time);
- if(dot.jl<5){
- completeNum++
- }
- });
- if(completeNum>=5*dots.length/6){
- if(this.state==="before"){
- this.state = "first";
- dots.forEach(function(dot){
- dot.setEnd(dot.nextox , dot.nextoy);
- });
- }else {
- this.state = "second";
- this.changeState();
- }
- }
- }else if(this.state==="second"){
- var completeNum = 0,
- allnum = 0;
- dots.forEach(function(dot){
- if(dot.visible) dot.loop(time);
- if(dot.globleDown){
- allnum++;
- if(Math.abs(dot.y-canvas.height)<2){
- completeNum++
- }
- }
- });
- if(completeNum===allnum&&allnum!==0){
- this.state = "third";
- part_2.animate();
- endState();
- }
- }else if(this.state==="third"){
- cube.update();
- drawLogo(canvas , ctx);
- }
- }
- return new animate();
- })(window)