本教程讲解C/C++连接PostgreSQL,使用libpqxx库,这是官方的C++客户端API用于连接PostgreSQL。libpqxx源代码在BSD许可下,可以免费下载,传递给他人,改变它或出售,它包括在你自己的代码,并分享你的代码更改。
安装
libpqxx最新版本的可供下载链接下载libpqxx。所以下载的最新版本,并遵循以下步骤:Download Libpqxx.
- wget http://pqxx.org/download/software/libpqxx/libpqxx-4.0.tar.gz
- tar xvfz libpqxx-4.0.tar.gz
- cd libpqxx-4.0
- ./configure
- make
- make install
在开始使用C/C++ PostgreSQL界面,找到PostgreSQL安装目录pg_hba.conf文件中添加下面一行:
- # IPv4 local connections:
- host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
可以start/restart Postgres的服务器的情况下,它没有运行使用下面的命令:
- [root@host]# service postgresql restart
- Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ]
- Starting postgresql service:
C/C++ APIs
以下是重要接口例程可满足工作需求与PostgreSQL数据库的C/C + +程序。如果正在寻找一个更复杂的应用程序,那么可以寻找到libpqxx官方文档,或者可以使用商用的API。
连接到数据库
以下C代码段说明了如何在本地机器上运行端口5432连接到一个现有的数据库。在这里用斜线\续行。
- #include <iostream>
- #include <pqxx/pqxx>
- using namespace std;
- using namespace pqxx;
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- try{
- connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
- hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
- if (C.is_open()) {
- cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
- } else {
- cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
- return 1;
- }
- C.disconnect ();
- }catch (const std::exception &e){
- cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
- return 1;
- }
- }
现在,让我们编译和运行上面的程序,使用用户postgres和密码pass123访问连接到我们的数据库testdb。可以使用基于数据库设置用户ID和密码。在给定的顺序,记住要保持使用-lpqxx和-plq!否则,链接器将提示缺少以"pq"开始的函数名字。
- $g++ test.cpp -lpqxx -lpq
- $./a.out
- Opened database successfully: testdb
#p#
创建表
下面的C代码段将被用于先前创建的数据库中创建一个表:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <pqxx/pqxx>
- using namespace std;
- using namespace pqxx;
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char * sql;
- try{
- connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
- hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
- if (C.is_open()) {
- cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
- } else {
- cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
- return 1;
- }
- /* Create SQL statement */
- sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" \
- "ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," \
- "NAME TEXT NOT NULL," \
- "AGE INT NOT NULL," \
- "ADDRESS CHAR(50)," \
- "SALARY REAL );";
- /* Create a transactional object. */
- work W(C);
- /* Execute SQL query */
- W.exec( sql );
- W.commit();
- cout << "Table created successfully" << endl;
- C.disconnect ();
- }catch (const std::exception &e){
- cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
- return 1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
上述程序编译和执行时,它会在testdb数据库,并创建COMPANY 表会显示下面的语句:
- Opened database successfully: testdb
- Table created successfully
插入操作
下面的C代码段显示了我们如何能够在上面的例子中创建COMPANY 表中的记录:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <pqxx/pqxx>
- using namespace std;
- using namespace pqxx;
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char * sql;
- try{
- connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
- hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
- if (C.is_open()) {
- cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
- } else {
- cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
- return 1;
- }
- /* Create SQL statement */
- sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
- "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); " \
- "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
- "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); " \
- "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
- "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );" \
- "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
- "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
- /* Create a transactional object. */
- work W(C);
- /* Execute SQL query */
- W.exec( sql );
- W.commit();
- cout << "Records created successfully" << endl;
- C.disconnect ();
- }catch (const std::exception &e){
- cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
- return 1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
上述程序编译和执行时,它会创建COMPANY表中的记录,并会显示以下两行:
- Opened database successfully: testdb
- Records created successfully