1.设置成为开发者模式
登录微信工作平台,选择高级功能-进入开发模式,成为开发者。需要做如下图配置。URL配置的信息是指,微信的后台服务器把您的用户消息发送到该URL处理。Token是你和微信之间的一个密码,用来验证消息是否是从微信的服务发送而来,而不是其他来攻击你的系统。
现在你还不能设置,在设置时微信会GET请求你设置的URL,已检测接口是否可以使用。只有等你准备好GET方法之后才可以进行设置。
2.实现GET方法
从文档中知道,我们需要实现POST和GET方法,GET方法用于验证微信和你的通讯验证,POST用于消息处理。
新建Servlet HelloWeChat,先实现其中的GET方法
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- // TODO 为了简单起见,先不对消息来源进行校验
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
- String echo = request.getParameter("echostr");
- echo = new String(echo.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8");
- pw.println(echo);
- }
可以在本地使用http://localhost:8080/QiyadengWeb/HelloWeChat?echostr=hello中文,先进行测试,如果没有问题,可以部署到服务器上,然后在微信公众平台进行设置了。
3.实现POST方法
POST方法首先接收到微信公众平台传送过来的XML,从中提取消息发送人和消息内容。更加消息发送内容,你可以增加自己的处理逻辑,最后拼装成回复消息XML,返回给微信公众平台。
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
- String wxMsgXml = IOUtils.toString(request.getInputStream(),"utf-8");
- WeChatTextMessage textMsg = null;
- try {
- textMsg = getWeChatTextMessage(wxMsgXml);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- StringBuffer replyMsg = new StringBuffer();
- if(textMsg != null){
- //增加你所需要的处理逻辑,这里只是简单重复消息
- replyMsg.append("您给我的消息是:");
- replyMsg.append(textMsg.getContent());
- }
- else{
- replyMsg.append(":)不是文本的消息,我暂时看不懂");
- }
- String returnXml = getReplyTextMessage(replyMsg.toString(), textMsg.getFromUserName());
- pw.println(returnXml);
- }
关于调试,这里推荐一个工具Fiddler,你可以模拟微信的POST消息到你的本地,而不必每次部署到服务器上进行调试。关于Fiddler的POST数据使用方法,可以参考下图标注内容。
4.部署并测试
完成第一步,并和你的公众帐号好进行对话,回复消息没有问题的话,那就恭喜你了
。
5.依赖库
使用maven的同学,添加以下依赖即可。非maven用户,找到这些库添加到buider path中即可。
- <dependency>
- <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
- <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
- <version>2.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
- <version>1.3.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
- <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
- <version>1.4.3</version>
- </dependency>
6.完整的代码
- package com.qiyadeng.wechat;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.util.Date;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
- import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
- import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver;
- /**
- * Servlet implementation class HelloWeChat
- */
- public class HelloWeChat extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- /**
- * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
- */
- public HelloWeChat() {
- super();
- }
- /**
- * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- */
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- // TODO 为了简单起见,先不对消息来源进行校验
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
- String echo = request.getParameter("echostr");
- echo = new String(echo.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8");
- pw.println(echo);
- }
- /**
- * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- */
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
- String wxMsgXml = IOUtils.toString(request.getInputStream(),"utf-8");
- WeChatTextMessage textMsg = null;
- try {
- textMsg = getWeChatTextMessage(wxMsgXml);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- StringBuffer replyMsg = new StringBuffer();
- if(textMsg != null){
- //增加你所需要的处理逻辑,这里只是简单重复消息
- replyMsg.append("您给我的消息是:");
- replyMsg.append(textMsg.getContent());
- }
- else{
- replyMsg.append(":)不是文本的消息,我暂时看不懂");
- }
- String returnXml = getReplyTextMessage(replyMsg.toString(), textMsg.getFromUserName());
- pw.println(returnXml);
- }
- private WeChatTextMessage getWeChatTextMessage(String xml){
- XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver());
- xstream.alias("xml", WeChatTextMessage.class);
- xstream.aliasField("ToUserName", WeChatTextMessage.class, "toUserName");
- xstream.aliasField("FromUserName", WeChatTextMessage.class, "fromUserName");
- xstream.aliasField("CreateTime", WeChatTextMessage.class, "createTime");
- xstream.aliasField("MsgType", WeChatTextMessage.class, "messageType");
- xstream.aliasField("Content", WeChatTextMessage.class, "content");
- xstream.aliasField("MsgId", WeChatTextMessage.class, "msgId");
- WeChatTextMessage wechatTextMessage = (WeChatTextMessage)xstream.fromXML(xml);
- return wechatTextMessage;
- }
- private String getReplyTextMessage(String content, String weChatUser){
- WeChatReplyTextMessage we = new WeChatReplyTextMessage();
- we.setMessageType("text");
- we.setFuncFlag("0");
- we.setCreateTime(new Long(new Date().getTime()).toString());
- we.setContent(content);
- we.setToUserName(weChatUser);
- we.setFromUserName("shanghaiweather");//TODO 你的公众帐号微信号
- XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver());
- xstream.alias("xml", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class);
- xstream.aliasField("ToUserName", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "toUserName");
- xstream.aliasField("FromUserName", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "fromUserName");
- xstream.aliasField("CreateTime", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "createTime");
- xstream.aliasField("MsgType", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "messageType");
- xstream.aliasField("Content", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "content");
- xstream.aliasField("FuncFlag", WeChatReplyTextMessage.class, "funcFlag");
- String xml =xstream.toXML(we);
- return xml;
- }
- }
阅读第三篇:微信公众平台开发(三)位置信息的识别
阅读第一篇:微信公众平台开发(一)平台综述
本文链接地址: 微信公众平台开发(二)–简单的聊天机器人