测试环境:
vr.org 的 VPS
CPU:2核共享
内存:512M独立
OS:Ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64
- uname -a
- u1@www:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
- DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
- DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
- DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
- DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"
- u1@www:~$ uname -a
- Linux www.shaixuan.org 3.4.0-cloud #1 SMP Thu May 24 04:54:53 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
- u1@www:~$ top
- top - 23:57:39 up 1:38, 2 users, load average: 0.04, 0.03, 0.16
- Tasks: 55 total, 1 running, 54 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
- Cpu(s): 0.7%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.6%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 1.1%st
- Mem: 506764k total, 125264k used, 381500k free, 7736k buffers
- Swap: 499708k total, 0k used, 499708k free, 70096k cached
软件版本:Apache httpd 2.4.3、nginx 1.2.3、lighttpd 1.4.31、php 5.4.6
结论:
静态服务器:
并发:nginx(17000)> lighttpd(14000)> apache(5000)
注意:lighttpd开启gzip压缩时,无法禁用etag……不建议使用。参考:《高性能网站建设指南》
动态服务器:
大约并发:nginx + php-fpm(1500)> lighttpd + spawn-fcgi(1000)>apache + php module(400)
注意:web server与fastcgi在同一个机器时,建议使用unix domain socket,比tcp socket效果好一点点。
虽然apache httpd 2.4 像 nginx一样使用了epoll,但是性能还是比nginx低很多。
服务器OS一定要使用Linux 2.6内核及更高,因为才能支持epoll。
建议服务器使用Ubuntu server x64,因为工程师PC使用Ubuntu x64较多(Ubuntu的显卡驱动安装方便),这样编译部署都一致。
如果服务器使用CentOS x64,则工程师PC使用Fedora x64,即可保持一致。
因为内核都是一样的,Ubuntu、CentOS等各个Linux发行版对服务器来说没有区别,所以挑一个顺手的即可。
参考互联网公司的web server:
163.com | 静态nginx |
t.qq.com | 静态squid,动态nginx |
taobao.com | 静态Tengine,动态Tengine(nginx衍生版) |
小米论坛 | 静态Tengine,动态Tengine |
百度 | 静态lighttpd,动态lighttpd(有etag) |
测试过程:
Apache httpd 2.4.3
编译参数:
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/home/u1/pcre-8.30 --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-deflate --with-module=metadata:expires
MPM:默认event
- httpd -V
- root@www:/usr/local/apache2/bin# ./httpd -V
- Server version: Apache/2.4.3 (Unix)
- Server built: Aug 26 2012 10:27:04
- Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:6
- Server loaded: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1
- Compiled using: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1
- Architecture: 64-bit
- Server MPM: event
- threaded: yes (fixed thread count)
- forked: yes (variable process count)
- Server compiled with....
- -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE
- -D APR_HAS_MMAP
- -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
- -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE
- -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
- -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
- -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
- -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256
- -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache2"
- -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec"
- -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid"
- -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
- -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
- -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
- -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"
默认并发400,MaxRequestWorkers即以前的MaxClients,参考:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mpm_common.html#MaxRequestWorkers
- <IfModule mpm_event_module>
- StartServers 3
- MinSpareThreads 75
- MaxSpareThreads 250
- ThreadsPerChild 25
- MaxRequestWorkers 400
- MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
- </IfModule>
并发改成40000,提示错误,加上ServerLimit即可:
- u1@www:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
- u1@www:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
- u1@www:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
- AH00515: WARNING: MaxRequestWorkers of 40000 would require 1600 servers and
- would exceed ServerLimit of 16, decreasing to 400.
- To increase, please see the ServerLimit directive.
nginx 1.2.3:
编译参数:
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
lighttpd 1.4.31:
默认并发1024,server.max-fds最大可修改为65535,server.max-connections最大可修改为32767:
- ##
- ## As lighttpd is a single-threaded server, its main resource limit is
- ## the number of file descriptors, which is set to 1024 by default (on
- ## most systems).
- ##
- ## If you are running a high-traffic site you might want to increase this
- ## limit by setting server.max-fds.
- ##
- ## Changing this setting requires root permissions on startup. see
- ## server.username/server.groupname.
- ##
- ## By default lighttpd would not change the operation system default.
- ## But setting it to 2048 is a better default for busy servers.
- ##
- server.max-fds = 2048
- ##
- ## Fine tuning for the request handling
- ##
- ## max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3)
- ## means the other file handles are used for fastcgi/files
- ##
- server.max-connections = 1024
#p#
1、静态服务器测试
即apache、nginx、lighttpd性能对比。
服务器相同配置 :
开启gzip、关闭etag
测试程序和web server在同一台服务器上,测试命令:
- ab -c 1000 -n 50000 http://localhost/index.html
- siege -c 1000 -r 20 http://localhost/index.html
apache:html文件13k,gzip压缩为4.9k
header:
测试结果:
并发 | httpd子进程数 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 3 | 19% | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 10 | 30% | 38% | 0 |
3000 | 14 | 60% | 38% | 0 |
5000 | 10-30 | 65%-99% | 20%-40% | 0-30 |
8000 | 100 | 99% | 3%-50% | 20-100 |
nginx:html文件13.2k,gzip压缩为5.34k
header:
- nginx
- Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/index.html
- Request Method:GET
- Status Code:200 OK
- Request Headersview source
- Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
- Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5
- Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
- Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4
- Cache-Control:no-cache
- Connection:keep-alive
- Host:shaixuan.org
- Pragma:no-cache
- User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8
- Response Headersview source
- Connection:keep-alive
- Content-Encoding:gzip
- Content-Type:text/html
- Date:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 13:19:23 GMT
- Last-Modified:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 12:33:45 GMT
- Server:nginx/1.2.3
- Transfer-Encoding:chunked
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 29% | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 35% | 40% | 0 |
3000 | 46% | 43% | 0 |
5000 | 55% | 42% | 0-1 |
8000 | 65% | 45% | 0 |
15000 | 88% | 45% | 0 |
17000 | 97% | 47% | 0 |
lighttpd:html文件13k,gzip压缩为4.96k
header:
- lighttpd
- Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/
- Request Method:GET
- Status Code:200 OK
- Request Headersview source
- Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
- Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5
- Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
- Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4
- Cache-Control:max-age=0
- Connection:keep-alive
- Host:shaixuan.org
- Pragma:no-cache
- User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8
- Response Headersview source
- Accept-Ranges:bytes
- Content-Encoding:gzip
- Content-Length:4819
- Content-Type:text/html
- Date:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:51:42 GMT
- ETag:"1028714895"
- Last-Modified:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:29:10 GMT
- Server:lighttpd/1.4.31
- Vary:Accept-Encoding
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 29% | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 0 | ||
3000 | 46% | 41% | 0-6 |
5000 | 60% | 40% | 0-1 |
8000 | 75% | 45% | 0 |
12000 | 81% | 35% | 0 |
14000 | 87% | 36% | 0 |
16000 | 99% | 40% | 0 |
#p#
2、动态服务器测试
即apache + php module、nginx + php-fpm、nginx + php-cgi、lighttpd + spawn-fcgi对比。
测试命令:
- siege -c 1200 -r 20 http://localhost/phpinfo.php
- /usr/local/apache2/bin/ab -c 100 -t 50 http://localhost/phpinfo.php
php版本 5.4.6,测试代码phpinfo();
apache + php module:php文件63.57k,gzip压缩为11.21k
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
0 | 29% | 0 | 0 |
100 | 68% | 8% | 0 |
200 | 72% | 10% | 0 |
400 | 95% | 10% | 0 |
600 | 99% | 15% | 1-15 |
nginx + php-fpm(多个php-fpm子进程):php文件57.41k,gzip压缩为10.84k
phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:tcp socket
php编译参数:
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data --with-curl --with-mcrypt --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-zip
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
0 | 33% | 0 | 0 | |
100 | 37% | 8% | 0 | 100% |
200 | ||||
400 | 45% | 10% | 0 | 99.96% |
800 | 55% 14个php-fpm,每个5.9M | 12% | 0 | 96.31% |
1000 | 60% | 10% | 0 | 90.77% |
1200 | 69%,Linux file限制,测试出错 | 30% |
nginx + php-fpm(多个php-fpm子进程):php文件54.57k,gzip压缩为9.16k
phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
0 | 32% | 0 | 0 | |
100 | 35% | 7% | 0 | 100% |
200 | 40% | 12% | 0 | 100% |
400 | 43% | 14% | 0 | 100% |
800 | 55% | 14% | 0 | 96.70% |
1000 | 60% 21个php-fpm,每个5.9M | 14% | 0 | 92.02% |
1200 | 50%,Linux file限制,测试出错 | 50% | 0 | 49% |
nginx + 一个php-cgi:php文件64.65k,gzip压缩为11.89k
sudo /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi -b 9000 -q
php-cgi可以常驻(long-live)监听一个端口,所以是fastcgi,但是由于没有进程管理器,只能启动一个进程,并发承受力低。
phpinfo显示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
测试结果:
并发100时,经过5秒,php-cgi崩溃退出。
lighttpd + lighttpd自带的spawn-fcgi进程管理器(多个php-cgi子进程):php文件58.68k,gzip压缩为9.83k
phpinfo显示Server API:CGI/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket
lighttpd的fastcgi.conf配置:
- fastcgi.server
- fastcgi.server = ( ".php" =>
- ( "php-local" =>
- (
- "socket" => socket_dir + "/php-fastcgi-1.socket",
- "bin-path" => "/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi",
- "max-procs" => 2,
- "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable",
- "bin-environment" => (
- "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "16",
- "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "500",
- ),
- )
- ),
测试结果:
并发 | 整机512M内存使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
0 | 53% 34个php-cgi进程,每个3M | 0 | 0 | |
100 | 65% 每个5.3M | 10% | 0 | |
200 | 65% 每个5.7M | 10% | 0 | 100% |
400 | 72% 每个5.7M | 11% | 0 | 100% |
800 | 84% 每个5.7M | 10% | 0 | 99.49% |
1000 | 90% 每个5.7M | 12% | 0 | 97.41% |
1200 | Linux file限制,测试出错 | |
参考资料:
http://www.cnblogs.com/killkill/archive/2010/04/14/1711810.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mpm_common.html#MaxRequestWorkers
http://www.php.net/manual/zh/install.fpm.php
http://www.niutian365.com/blog/article.asp?id=263
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/1/wiki/Docs_ModCompress
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_PerformanceFastCGI
http://php.net/manual/zh/install.unix.lighttpd-14.php
http://www.361way.com/mpm/1052.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-13939710-id-2861331.html
http://www.yylib.com/blog/?p=70
http://kb.cnblogs.com/page/95605/
http://www.dbanotes.net/web/lighttpd_spawn-fcgi.html
http://www.mike.org.cn/articles/what-is-cgi-fastcgi-php-fpm-spawn-fcgi/
http://www.php.net/manual/zh/install.unix.apache2.php
http://ferreousbox.iteye.com/blog/196212
http://nigelzeng.iteye.com/blog/1197339
http://blog.csdn.net/tujiyue/article/details/7027134
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/sink_cup/archive/2012/09/14/web_server.html