上一篇文章发布后MVC3快速搭建Web应用(一),自己又仔细读了数遍,感觉一是文笔太差,二是描述逻辑比较混乱,客观原因是涉及到东西其实蛮多的,那三个步骤不可能在一篇短短的文章中就可以描述清楚。此篇笔者将尽量更加详尽一些。另外需要说明一点的是,本文默认读者:
熟悉ASP.NET MVC;Razor语法;熟悉javascript;实体框架。
Web应用不像winform应用,要想让用户得到更流畅更舒适的体验,方法之一就是模拟winform的窗口操作,使用户在浏览器中也能像桌面一样舒服。在界面框架方面我们有大家最熟悉的jquery ui,有Ext等等,经过一系列的筛选,我们最终决定使用easyui,文档教程例子都比较全面的一个js ui框架。首先我们来看看用到的js文件
- <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.7.2.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> jquery主文件
- <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.easyui.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> easy ui主文件
- <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> 校验组件
- <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.form.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> 表单组件
- <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/easyui-lang-zh_CN.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> easyui的中文化
- <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/messages_cn.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> 校验组件的中文化
我们把它添加到mvc的Shared/_Layout.cshtml中。这样我们的项目所有Layout=null的视图都拥有了easyui支持。
在MVC3中,当你右键添加一个控制器时,向导会让你选择:
其中模版我们选择使用实体框架并生成相关actions与views,Model选择你实体框架中对应的表名(类名),DataContext选择上下文类
Views引擎选择Razor,高级选项里的两个勾都去掉,因为我们不需要引用内置的脚本库,也不需要选择layout(不选择layout,MVC默认该view使用Shared/_Layout.cshtml,也就是刚才我们添加js文件link的那个文件)。
确认上一篇中你下载的t4模版放进了它应该存在的地方(最好备份一下原始的),当你点击Add时,vs会自动在Controllers下面添加相应的控制器,在views文件夹下添加Create、Edit、Delete、Details、Index五个文件。下面我们一一查看他们的内容:
#p#
控制器中,action已经自动帮你添加完毕
- private BsmisEntities db = new BsmisEntities();
- //
- // GET: /User/
- public ViewResult Index()
- {
- return View();
- }
- //
- // GET: /User/Create
- public ActionResult Create()
- {
- return View();
- }
- //
- // POST: /User/Create
- [HttpPost]
- public ActionResult Create(T_User t_user)
- {
- JsonResult result = new JsonResult();
- result.Data = true;
- try
- {
- if (t_user.Enable == null)
- t_user.Enable = 0;
- db.T_User.AddObject(t_user);
- db.SaveChanges();
- }
- catch (Exception ee)
- {
- result.Data = ee.Message;
- }
- return result;
- }
- //
- // GET: /User/Edit/5
- [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None)]
- public ActionResult Edit(int id)
- {
- T_User t_user = db.T_User.Single(t => t.UserID == id);
- ViewBag.DepartmentID = new SelectList(db.T_DepartmentInfo, "DepartmentID", "Code", t_user.DepartmentID);
- return View(t_user);
- }
- //
- // POST: /User/Edit/5
- [HttpPost]
- [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None)]
- public ActionResult Edit(T_User t_user)
- {
- JsonResult result = new JsonResult();
- result.Data = true;
- try
- {
- db.T_User.Attach(t_user);
- db.ObjectStateManager.ChangeObjectState(t_user, EntityState.Modified);
- db.SaveChanges();
- }
- catch (Exception ee)
- {
- result.Data = ee.Message;
- }
- return result;
- }
- //
- // POST: /User/Delete/5
- [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
- public ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(int id)
- {
- JsonResult json=new JsonResult();
- json.Data=true;
- try
- { T_User t_user = db.T_User.Single(t => t.UserID ==id);
- db.T_User.DeleteObject(t_user);
- db.SaveChanges();
- }
- catch(Exception ee)
- {
- json.Data=ee.Message;
- }
- return json; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 数据显示、分页信息
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="page"></param>
- /// <param name="rows"></param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public JsonResult List(int page, int rows)
- {
- var q = from u in db.T_User
- join d in db.T_DepartmentInfo on u.DepartmentID equals d.DepartmentID
- orderby u.UserID
- select new
- {
- UserID = u.UserID,
- UserName = u.UserName,
- Address = u.Address,
- Birth = u.Birth,
- DepartmentID = u.DepartmentID,
- DepartmentName = d.Name,
- Enable = u.Enable,
- Gendar = u.Gendar,
- IDCardNumber = u.IDCardNumber,
- LastAccessIP = u.LastAccessIP,
- LastAccessTime = u.LastAccessTime,
- LogonTimes = u.LogonTimes,
- Password = u.Password,
- PostCode = u.PostCode,
- RealName = u.RealName,
- Tel = u.Tel,
- Province = u.Province,
- City = u.City,
- Area = u.Area
- };
- var result = q.Skip((page - 1) * rows).Take(rows).ToList();
- Dictionary<string, object> json = new Dictionary<string, object>();
- json.Add("total", q.ToList().Count);
- json.Add("rows", result);
- return Json(json, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
- }
这些action分别对应create、delete、edit、index视图(detail我们一般情况下不需要它,所以我的模版里没有写对应的生成代码)你可以比较一下它与原生的模版生成的代码之间的区别。后期我们还会在控制器里添加一些譬如检查名称是否重名之类的action
- [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None)]
- public JsonResult CheckRealNameExist(string RealName, int UserID)
- {
- JsonResult result = new JsonResult();
- result.JsonRequestBehavior = JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet;
- result.Data = false;
- try
- {
- if (UserID == 0)
- {
- if (db.T_User.Any(p => p.RealName == RealName))
- {
- return result;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- if (db.T_User.Any(p => ((p.UserID != UserID) && (p.RealName == RealName))))
- {
- return result;
- }
- }
- }
- catch (Exception)
- {
- return result;
- }
- result.Data = true;
- return result;
- }
返回值一般都是jsonresult。这样的话,当你在浏览器中访问http://localhost:1233/User/CheckRealNameExist?RealName=张三&UserID=0时 你会获得一个true或false值。是不是跟webservice有点异曲同工?
同样,在Views文件夹中生成了Create、Edit、Details、Delete、Index五个文件,其中Details与Delete我们不需要,因为我们想使用更友好的异步删除(用户单击delete后,页面不刷新,成功后浏览器下方滑出提示,3秒后关闭,失败滑出失败信息,不自动关闭 /利用easyui中的messager组件)。以下是Index中的js:
#p#
- //删除
- function del() {
- var id = getselectedRow();
- if (id != undefined) {
- $.messager.confirm('确认', '确定删除?', function (r) {
- if (r) {
- var url = 'User/Delete/' + id;
- $.post(url, function () {
- }).success(function () {
- $.messager.show({
- title: '提示',
- msg: '删除成功',
- timeout: 3000,
- showType: 'slide'
- });
- $('#dg').datagrid('reload');
- })
- .error(function () {
- $.messager.alert('错误', '删除发生错误');
- });
- }
- });
- }
- }
我们把Details与Delete删除后只剩下Index、Create、Edit三个文件,这三个文件之间的关系是,Index中包含添加、编辑按钮,点击后使用js将对应的actionresult加载到div中,以实现弹窗新建,编辑的效果。
- //新建
- function c_dlg() {
- var url = 'User/Create';
- $('#c_dlg').show();
- $('#c_dlg').load(url, function () {
- $(this).dialog({
- title: '添加',
- buttons: [{
- text: '提交',
- iconCls: 'icon-ok',
- handler: function () {
- $('#c_form').submit();
- }
- }, {
- text: '取消',
- handler: function () {
- $('#c_dlg').dialog('close');
- }
- }]
- });
- });
- }
- //编辑框
- function e_dlg() {
- var id = getselectedRow();
- if (id != undefined) {
- var url = 'User/Edit/' + id;
- $('#e_dlg').show();
- $('#e_dlg').load(url, function () {
- $(this).dialog({
- title: '编辑',
- buttons: [{
- text: '提交',
- iconCls: 'icon-ok',
- handler: function () {
- $('#e_form').submit();
- }
- }, {
- text: '取消',
- handler: function () {
- $('#e_dlg').dialog('close');
- }
- }]
- });
- });
- }
- }
这里面的c_dlg与e_dlg是index页面的两个Div节点:
- <div id="c_dlg" style="width:400px;height:520px;display: none"></div>
- <div id="e_dlg" style="width:400px;height:520px;display: none"></div>
以上的代码完成将控制器中的action返回的页面内容动态加载到div中,并以弹窗的特效显示在当前(Index)页面中。效果如图:
我们来看看Create\Edit视图的内容,首先是js
#p#
- <script type="text/javascript">
- $(function () {
- $('#c_Department').combotree({
- url: '@Url.Action("GetComboTreeJson","Department")'
- });
- $('#c_City').combobox();
- $('#c_Area').combobox();
- $('#c_Province').combobox({ url:'CityDic/List/ID/0',
- onSelect: function (record) {
- $('#c_City').combobox('reload', 'CityDic/List/ID/' + record.ID).combobox('clear');
- $('#c_Area').combobox('clear');
- }
- });
- $('#c_City').combobox({
- onSelect: function (record) {
- $('#c_Area').combobox('reload', 'CityDic/List/ID/' + record.ID).combobox('clear');
- }
- });
- $('#c_Birth').datebox().datebox('setValue', '@now');
- $("#c_form").validate({
- rules: {
- UserName: {
- required: true,
- remote:
- {
- url: 'User/CheckNameExist',
- type: "get",
- dataType: "json",
- data: {
- Name: function () { return $('#c_UserName').val(); },
- UserID: function () { return 0; }
- }
- }
- },
- RealName: {
- required:true,
- remote: {
- url: 'User/CheckRealNameExist',
- type: "get",
- dataType: "json",
- data: {
- RealName: function () { return $('#c_RealName').val(); },
- UserID: function () { return 0; }
- }
- }
- }
- },
- messages: {
- UserName: {
- remote: '名称重复'
- },
- RealName: { remote: '名称重复' }
- },
- submitHandler: function (form) {
- ajaxAdd();
- }
- });
- });
- </script>
这部分js将本页面的控件初始化为对应的下拉框或日期选取框等等,Html为
- @using (Html.BeginForm("Create", "User", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "c_form" }))
- {
- <fieldset>
- <table class="editForm">
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.UserName, "用户名:")
- </td>
- <td>
- <input id="c_UserName" name="UserName" style="width: 160px;" required="true" /><span style="color: red">
- *</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.DepartmentID, "组织机构:")
- </td>
- <td>
- <input id="c_Department" name="DepartmentID" style="width: 160px;" required="true" /><span style="color: red">
- *</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, "密码:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.PasswordFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "{required:true,minlength:5}" })<span style="color: red">
- *</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <label for="confirm_password">
- 确认密码</label>
- </td>
- <td>
- <input id="confirm_password" name="confirm_password" type="password" class="{required:true,minlength:5,equalTo:'#Password'}" /><span style="color: red">
- *</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.RealName, "真实姓名:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.RealName, new { @id="c_RealName",@class = "{required:true}" })<span style="color: red">
- *</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Gendar, "性别:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.RadioButtonFor(model => model.Gendar, "男", new { @id = "radio1", @name = "Gendar", @checked = "checked" })
- <label for="radio1">
- 男</label>
- @Html.RadioButtonFor(model => model.Gendar, "女", new { @id = "radio2", @name = "Gendar" })
- <label for="radio2">
- 女</label>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Birth, "出生日期:")
- </td>
- <td>
- <input id="c_Birth" required="true" name="Birth" />
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.IDCardNumber, "身份证号码:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.EditorFor(model => model.IDCardNumber)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Province, "省份:")
- </td>
- <td>
- <input name="Province" valuefield="Name" textfield="Name" panelheight="auto" id="c_Province" style="width: 150px">
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.City, "市:")
- </td>
- <td>
- <input name="City" valuefield="Name" textfield="Name" panelheight="auto" id="c_City" style="width:150px">
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Area, "区/县:")
- </td>
- <td>
- <input name="Area" valuefield="Name" textfield="Name" panelheight="auto" id="c_Area" style="width: 150px">
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.PostCode, "邮政编码:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.EditorFor(model => model.PostCode)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address, "地址:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Tel, "电话:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Tel)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Enable, "启用:")
- </td>
- <td>
- @Html.CheckBoxForBool(model=>model.Enable,true,true)
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </fieldset>
- }
编辑视图中也类似如此。当单击保存按钮后,执行
- $('#c_form').submit();
#p#
这里我们的客户端校验在这里:
- $("#c_form").validate({
- rules: {
- UserName: {
- required: true,
- remote:
- {
- url: 'User/CheckNameExist',
- type: "get",
- dataType: "json",
- data: {
- Name: function () { return $('#c_UserName').val(); },
- UserID: function () { return 0; }
- }
- }
- },
- RealName: {
- required:true,
- remote: {
- url: 'User/CheckRealNameExist',
- type: "get",
- dataType: "json",
- data: {
- RealName: function () { return $('#c_RealName').val(); },
- UserID: function () { return 0; }
- }
- }
- }
- },
- messages: {
- UserName: {
- remote: '名称重复'
- },
- RealName: { remote: '名称重复' }
- },
- submitHandler: function (form) {
- ajaxAdd();
- }
- });
submitHandler方法提供校验前要做的事情:ajaxAdd()
- //异步新建提交
- function ajaxAdd() {
- $('#c_form').ajaxSubmit({
- url: 'User/Create',
- beforeSubmit: function () {
- if ($('#c_form').form('validate') != true) {
- return false;
- }
- if ($("#c_form").valid() != true) {
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- },
- success: function (data) {
- if (data == true) {
- $('#c_dlg').dialog('close');
- $('#dg').datagrid('reload');
- $.messager.show({
- title: '提示',
- msg: '保存成功',
- timeout: 2000,
- showType: 'slide'
- });
- } else {
- $.messager.show({
- title: '提示',
- msg: '保存失败:' + data,
- timeout: 2000,
- showType: 'slide'
- });
- }
- }
- });
- return false;
- }
异步提交成功后获取data,如果是true说明成功了,关闭“对话框”,刷新表格,弹出提示。失败的话将data弹出(一般是失败原因,由controller中的action返回)。下面是Index中的表格:
- <table id="dg" class="easyui-datagrid"
- toolbar="#toolbar"
- rownumbers="true" fitColumns="true" singleSelect="true" pagination="true" fit="true">
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th field="DepartmentName" width="80">
- 部门
- </th>
- <th field="UserName" width="100">
- 用户名
- </th>
- <th field="RealName" width="100">
- 真实姓名
- </th>
- <th field="Gendar" width="30">
- 性别
- </th>
- <th field="Birth" width="70" formatter="formatDate">
- 生日
- </th>
- <th field="Tel" width="50">
- 电话
- </th>
- <th field="LogonTimes" width="50">
- 登陆次数
- </th>
- <th field="LastAccessIP" width="120">
- 最后访问IP
- </th>
- <th field="LastAccessTime" width="50">
- 最后访问时间
- </th>
- <th field="Enable" width="50" formatter="formatBool">
- 状态
- </th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- </table>
- <div id="toolbar">
- @if (userid != 0 && AuthMgr.HasAuth(userid, "add", 5))
- {
- <a href="#" class="easyui-linkbutton" iconCls="icon-add" plain="true" onclick="c_dlg();">添加</a>
- }
- @if (userid != 0 && AuthMgr.HasAuth(userid, "edit", 5))
- {
- <a href="#" class="easyui-linkbutton" iconCls="icon-edit" plain="true" onclick="e_dlg()" >编辑</a>
- }
- </div>
其中@if是用来判断权限,如果当前登陆用户拥有add权限,那么就显示“添加“按钮。
今天先写到这。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/limlee/archive/2012/06/25/rapid_dev_use_mvc_2.html
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