一、在Java应用中使用Hibernate的步骤
- 创建Hibernate的配置文件
- 创建持久化类
- 创建对象-关系映射文件
- 通过Hibernate API编写访问数据库的代码
二、Helloapp应用的结构
三、Hibernate的配置文件(hibernate.properties)
- hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
- hibernate.connection.driver_class=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/SAMPLEDB
- hibernate.connection.username=root
- hibernate.connection.password=1234
- hibernate.show_sql=true
四、创建持久化类Customer
- 持久化类符合JavaBean的规范,包含一些属性,以及与之对应的getXXX()和setXXX()方法。
- 持久化类有一个id属性,用来惟一标识Customer类的每个对象。在面向对象术语中,这个id属性被称为对象标识符(OID,Object Identifier),通常它都用整数表示
- Hibernate要求持久化类必须提供一个不带参数的默认构造方法
- package mypack;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import java.sql.Date;
- import java.sql.Timestamp;
- public class Customer implements Serializable {
- private Long id;
- private String name;
- private String email;
- private String password;
- private int phone;
- private String address;
- private char sex;
- private boolean married;
- private String description;
- private byte[] image;
- private Date birthday;
- private Timestamp registeredTime;
- public Customer(){}
- public Long getId(){
- return id;
- }
- private void setId(Long id){
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName(){
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name){
- this.name=name;
- }
- public String getEmail(){
- return email;
- }
- public void setEmail(String email){
- this.email =email ;
- }
- public String getPassword(){
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password){
- this.password =password ;
- }
- public int getPhone(){
- return phone;
- }
- public void setPhone(int phone){
- this.phone =phone ;
- }
- public String getAddress(){
- return address;
- }
- public void setAddress(String address){
- this.address =address ;
- }
- public char getSex(){
- return sex;
- }
- public void setSex(char sex){
- this.sex =sex ;
- }
- public boolean isMarried(){
- return married;
- }
- public void setMarried(boolean married){
- this.married =married ;
- }
- public String getDescription(){
- return description;
- }
- public void setDescription(String description){
- this.description =description ;
- }
- public byte[] getImage() {
- return this.image;
- }
- public void setImage(byte[] image) {
- this.image = image;
- }
- public Date getBirthday() {
- return this.birthday;
- }
- public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
- public Timestamp getRegisteredTime() {
- return this.registeredTime;
- }
- public void setRegisteredTime(Timestamp registeredTime) {
- this.registeredTime = registeredTime;
- }
- }
注意:
- getXXX()和setXXX()方法可以采用任意的访问级别,他的命名规则必须符合特定的命名规则,“get”和“set”后面紧跟属性的名字,并且属性名的首字母为大写,如name属性的get方法为getName()。
- 如果持久化类的属性为boolean类型,那么它的get方法名可以用get做前缀也可以用is做前缀。
五、创建数据库Schema
- drop database if exists SAMPLEDB;
- create database SAMPLEDB;
- use SAMPLEDB;
- create table CUSTOMERS (
- ID bigint not null primary key,
- NAME varchar(15) not null,
- EMAIL varchar(128) not null,
- PASSWORD varchar(8) not null,
- PHONE int ,
- ADDRESS varchar(255),
- SEX char(1) ,
- IS_MARRIED bit,
- DESCRIPTION text,
- IMAGE blob,
- BIRTHDAY date,
- REGISTERED_TIME timestamp
- );
#p#
六、创建对象-关系映射文件Customer.hbm.xml
- <?xml version="1.0"?>
- <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="mypack.Customer" table="CUSTOMERS">
- <id name="id" column="ID" type="long">
- <generator class="increment"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name" column="NAME" type="string" not-null="true" />
- <property name="email" column="EMAIL" type="string" not-null="true" />
- <property name="password" column="PASSWORD" type="string" not-null="true"/>
- <property name="phone" column="PHONE" type="int" />
- <property name="address" column="ADDRESS" type="string" />
- <property name="sex" column="SEX" type="character"/>
- <property name="married" column="IS_MARRIED" type="boolean"/>
- <property name="description" column="DESCRIPTION" type="text"/>
- <property name="image" column="IMAGE" type="binary"/>
- <property name="birthday" column="BIRTHDAY" type="date"/>
- <property name="registeredTime" column="REGISTERED_TIME" type="timestamp"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
<id>元素映射OID
<generator>子元素用来设定标识符生成器。Hibernate提供了提供了多种内置的实现。
<property>元素映射值类型属性
- name属性:指定持久化类的属性的名字。
- column属性:指定与类的属性映射的表的字段名。
- type属性:指定Hibernate映射类型。Hibernate映射类型是Java类型与SQL类型的桥梁。
采用XML文件来配置对象-关系映射的优点:
- Hibernate既不会渗透到上层域模型中,也不会渗透到下层数据模型中。
- 软件开发人员可以独立设计域模型,不必强迫遵守任何规范。
- 数据库设计人员可以独立设计数据模型,不必强迫遵守任何规范。
- 对象-关系映射不依赖于任何程序代码,如果需要修改对象-关系映射,只需修改XML文件,不需要修改任何程序,提高了软件的灵活性,并且使维护更加方便。
#p#
七、创建BusinessService类
- package mypack;
- import javax.servlet.*;
- import org.hibernate.*;
- import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.sql.Date;
- import java.sql.Timestamp;
- import java.util.*;
- public class BusinessService{
- public static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
- /** 初始化Hibernate,创建SessionFactory实例 */
- static{
- try{
- // 根据默认位置的Hibernate配置文件的配置信息,创建一个Configuration实例
- Configuration config = new Configuration();
- //加载Customer类的对象-关系映射文件
- config.addClass(Customer.class);
- // 创建SessionFactory实例 */
- sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory();
- }catch(RuntimeException e){e.printStackTrace();throw e;}
- }
- /** 查询所有的Customer对象,然后调用printCustomer()方法打印Customer对象信息 */
- public void findAllCustomers(ServletContext context,PrintWriter out) throws Exception{
- Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); //创建一个会话
- Transaction tx = null;
- try {
- tx = session.beginTransaction(); //开始一个事务
- Query query=session.createQuery("from Customer as c order by c.name asc");
- List customers=query.list();
- for (Iterator it = customers.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
- printCustomer(context,out,(Customer) it.next());
- }
- tx.commit(); //提交事务
- }catch (RuntimeException e) {
- if (tx != null) {
- tx.rollback();
- }
- throw e;
- } finally {
- session.close();
- }
- }
- /** 持久化一个Customer对象 */
- public void saveCustomer(Customer customer){
- Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
- Transaction tx = null;
- try {
- tx = session.beginTransaction();
- session.save(customer);
- tx.commit();
- }catch (RuntimeException e) {
- if (tx != null) {
- tx.rollback();
- }
- throw e;
- } finally {
- session.close();
- }
- }
- /** 按照OID加载一个Customer对象,然后修改它的属性 */
- public void loadAndUpdateCustomer(Long customer_id,String address){
- Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
- Transaction tx = null;
- try {
- tx = session.beginTransaction();
- Customer c=(Customer)session.get(Customer.class,customer_id);
- c.setAddress(address);
- tx.commit();
- }catch (RuntimeException e) {
- if (tx != null) {
- tx.rollback();
- }
- throw e;
- } finally {
- session.close();
- }
- }
- /**删除Customer对象 */
- public void deleteCustomer(Customer customer){
- Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
- Transaction tx = null;
- try {
- tx = session.beginTransaction();
- session.delete(customer);
- tx.commit();
- }catch (RuntimeException e) {
- if (tx != null) {
- tx.rollback();
- }
- throw e;
- } finally {
- session.close();
- }
- }
- /** 选择向控制台还是Web网页输出Customer对象的信息 */
- private void printCustomer(ServletContext context,PrintWriter out,Customer customer)throws Exception{
- if(context!=null)
- printCustomerInWeb(context,out,customer);
- else
- printCustomer( out,customer);
- }
- /** 把Customer对象的信息输出到控制台,如DOS 控制台*/
- private void printCustomer(PrintWriter out,Customer customer)throws Exception{
- byte[] buffer=customer.getImage();
- FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream("photo_copy.gif");
- fout.write(buffer);
- fout.close();
- out.println("------以下是"+customer.getName()+"的个人信息------");
- out.println("ID: "+customer.getId());
- out.println("口令: "+customer.getPassword());
- out.println("E-Mail: "+customer.getEmail());
- out.println("电话: "+customer.getPhone());
- out.println("地址: "+customer.getAddress());
- String sex=customer.getSex()=='M'? "男":"女";
- out.println("性别: "+sex);
- String marriedStatus=customer.isMarried()? "已婚":"未婚";
- out.println("婚姻状况: "+marriedStatus);
- out.println("生日: "+customer.getBirthday());
- out.println("注册时间: "+customer.getRegisteredTime());
- out.println("自我介绍: "+customer.getDescription());
- }
- /** 把Customer对象的信息输出到动态网页 */
- private void printCustomerInWeb(ServletContext context,PrintWriter out,Customer customer)throws Exception{
- //保存照片
- byte[] buffer=customer.getImage();
- String path=context.getRealPath("/");
- FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream(path+"photo_copy.gif");
- fout.write(buffer);
- fout.close();
- out.println("------以下是"+customer.getName()+"的个人信息------"+"<br>");
- out.println("ID: "+customer.getId()+"<br>");
- out.println("口令: "+customer.getPassword()+"<br>");
- out.println("E-Mail: "+customer.getEmail()+"<br>");
- out.println("电话: "+customer.getPhone()+"<br>");
- out.println("地址: "+customer.getAddress()+"<br>");
- String sex=customer.getSex()=='M'? "男":"女";
- out.println("性别: "+sex+"<br>");
- String marriedStatus=customer.isMarried()? "已婚":"未婚";
- out.println("婚姻状况: "+marriedStatus+"<br>");
- out.println("生日: "+customer.getBirthday()+"<br>");
- out.println("注册时间: "+customer.getRegisteredTime()+"<br>");
- out.println("自我介绍: "+customer.getDescription()+"<br>");
- out.println("<img src='photo_copy.gif' border=0><p>");
- }
- public void test(ServletContext context,PrintWriter out) throws Exception{
- Customer customer=new Customer();
- customer.setName("Tom");
- customer.setEmail("tom@yahoo.com");
- customer.setPassword("1234");
- customer.setPhone(55556666);
- customer.setAddress("Shanghai");
- customer.setSex('M');
- customer.setDescription("I am very honest.");
- //设置Customer对象的image属性,它是字节数组,存放photo.gif文件中的二进制数据
- //photo.gif文件和BusinessService.class文件位于同一个目录下
- InputStream in=this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("photo.gif");
- byte[] buffer = new byte[in.available()];
- in.read(buffer);
- customer.setImage(buffer);
- //设置Customer对象的birthday属性,它是java.sql.Date类型
- customer.setBirthday(Date.valueOf("1980-05-06"));
- saveCustomer(customer);
- findAllCustomers(context,out);
- loadAndUpdateCustomer(customer.getId(),"Beijing");
- findAllCustomers(context,out);
- deleteCustomer(customer);
- }
- public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
- new BusinessService().test(null,new PrintWriter(System.out,true));
- sessionFactory.close();
- }
- }
#p#
saveCustomer()方法
该方法调用Session的save()方法,把Customer对象持久化到数据库中。
- tx = session.beginTransaction();
- session.save(customer);
- tx.commit();
当运行session.save()方法时,Hibernate执行以下SQL语句:
- insert into CUSTOMERS (ID, NAME, EMAIL, PASSWORD, PHONE, ADDRESS, SEX,
- IS_MARRIED,DESCRIPTION, IMAGE, BIRTHDAY, REGISTERED_TIME)
- values(1,'Tom','tom@yahoo.com','1234',55556666,'Shanghai','M',0,'I am very honest.', ☺,'1980-05-06',null)
在test()方法中并没有设置Customer对象的id属性,Hibernate会根据映射文件的配置,采用increment标识符生成器自动以递增的方式为OID赋值。在Customer.hbm.xml文件中相关的映射代码如下:
- <id name="id" column="ID" type="long">
- <generator class="increment"/>
- </id>
findAllCustomers()方法
该方法通过Query接口查询所有的Customer对象。
- tx = session.beginTransaction(); //开始一个事务
- Query query=session.createQuery("from Customer as c order by c.name asc");
- List customers=query.list();
- for (Iterator it = customers.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
- printCustomer(context,out,(Customer) it.next());
- }
- tx.commit(); //提交事务
Session的createQuery()方法的参数“from Customer as c order by c.name asc”使用的是Hibernate查询语言。运行Query.list()方法时, Hibernate执行以下SQL语句:
- select * from CUSTOMERS order by NAME asc;
loadAndUpdateCustomer ()方法
该方法调用Session的get()方法,加载Customer对象,然后再修改Customer对象的属性。
- tx = session.beginTransaction();
- Customer c=(Customer)session.get(Customer.class,customer_id);
- c.setAddress(address); //修改内存中Customer对象的address属性
- tx.commit();
以上代码先调用Session的get()方法,它按照参数指定的OID从数据库中检索出匹配的Customer对象,Hibernate会执行以下SQL语句:
- select * from CUSTOMERS where ID=1;
loadAndUpdateCustomer()方法接着修改Customer对象的address属性。那么,Hibernate会不会同步更新数据库中相应的CUSTOMERS表的记录呢?答案是肯定的。Hibernate采用脏检查机制,按照内存中的Customer对象的状态的变化,来同步更新数据库中相关的数据,Hibernate会执行以下SQL语句:
- update CUSTOMERS set NAME="Tom",EMAIL="Tom@yahoo.com"…ADDRESS="Beijing"…
- where ID=1;
尽管只有Customer对象的address属性发生了变化,但是Hibernate执行的update语句中会包含所有的字段。
deleteCustomer()方法
该方法调用Session的delete()方法,删除特定的Customer对象:
- tx = session.beginTransaction();
- session.delete(customer);
- tx.commit();
运行session.delete()方法时,Hibernate根据Customer对象的OID,执行以下SQL delete语句:
- delete from CUSTOMERS where ID=1;
八、效果图
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/yu422560654/article/details/7028748
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