NAME
文件系统 - Linux 支持的文件系统类型：minix, ext, ext2, xia, msdos, umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs, iso9660, hpfs, sysv, smb, ncpfs
DESCRIPTION 描述
在文件 /proc/filesystems 中你可以发现当前内核支持哪些文件系统。 (如果你需要一个当前所不支持的类型，插入相应的模块或重新编译内核。)
下面是对各种文件系统的描述。
- minix 是 Minix 操作系统使用的文件系统，Linux 一开始时使用的。它有一些不足：64 MB 的分区限制，短文件名，单一的时间戳等等。
对于软盘和 RAM 盘仍然有用。
- ext
- 是对 minix 文件系统的精心设计的扩展。它已经完全被扩展文件系统的第二版(ext2)所淘汰并且最终将被从内核中去除。
- ext2
- 是 Linux 对固定磁盘和可移动(装卸)介质所使用的高性能文件系统。
扩展文件系统的第二版的设计是对扩展文件系统(ext)的扩展。ext2 是 Linux 支持的提供了最佳性能(术语上的速度和 CPU 使用率)的文件系统。
- xiafs
- 对它的设计和实现是为了通过扩展 Minix 文件系统的代码，实现稳定和安全的文件系统。它提供了最基本的要求的特征而且不会过于复杂。
xia 文件系统已经不再有活跃的开发或维护。也不经常使用。
- msdos
- 是 DOS、Windows、和一些 OS/2 计算机使用的文件系统。 msdos 文件系统的文件名不长于 8 个字符并跟随着可选的 '.' 和 3 个字符的扩展名。
- umsdos
- 是 Linux 使用的扩展了的 DOS 文件系统。它在 DOS 文件系统下增加了长文件名、 UID/GID、POSIX 权限和特殊文件 (设备、命名管道等)功能，而不牺牲对 DOS 的兼容性。
- vfat
- 是 Microsoft Windows95 和 Windows NT 使用的扩展了的 DOS 文件系统。VFAT 在 MSDOS 文件系统下增加了长文件名功能。
- proc
- 是一种伪文件系统，被用来作为内核数据的界面，这样就不用读并解释 /dev/kmem 了。特别的是，它的文件不占用磁盘空间。参见 proc(5)。
- iso9660
- 是满足 ISO 9660 标准的 CD-ROM 文件系统类型。
- High Sierra
- Linux 支持 High Sierra，它是ISO 9660 标准的 CD-ROM 文件系统的先驱。在 Linux 下支持的 iso9660 文件系统内，它被自动识别。
- Rock Ridge
- Linux 也支持使用由 Rock Ridge 交换协议指定的使用共享的协议记录的系统。它们被用于进一步为一个 UNIX 主机描述 iso9660 文件系统中的文件，并且提供象长文件名、UID/GID、POSIX 权限和设备。在 Linux 下支持的 iso9660 文件系统内，它被自动识别。
- hpfs
- 是 OS/2 使用的高性能文件系统。由于缺乏可用的文档，在 Linux 下这种文件系统是只读的。
- sysv
- 为 Linux 实现的 SystemV/Coherent 文件系统。它实现了 Xenix FS、SystemV/386 FS 和 Coherent FS。
- nfs
- 是用于访问位于远程计算机上的磁盘的网络文件系统。
- smb
- 是支持 smb 协议的网络文件系统，被 Windows for Workgroups、Windows NT和 Lan Manager 使用。
要使用 smb 文件系统，你需要一个特殊的 mount 程序，这个程序可在 ksmbfs 包中找到，也可从下面网址下载： ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Filesystems/smbfs.
- ncpfs
- 是支持 NCP 协议的网络文件系统，被 Novell NetWare 使用。
要使用 ncpfs，你需要一个特殊的程序，这个程序可在下面网址下栽： ftp://linux01.gwdg.de/pub/ncpfs。
SEE ALSO 又见
proc(5), fsck(8), mkfs(8), mount(8).
#p#
NAME
filesystems - Linux filesystem types: minix, ext, ext2, ext3, xia, msdos, umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs, iso9660, hpfs, sysv, smb, ncpfs
DESCRIPTION
When, as is customary, the proc filesystem is mounted on /proc, you can find in the file /proc/filesystems which filesystems your kernel currently supports. If you need a currently unsupported one, insert the corresponding module or recompile the kernel.
In order to use a filesystem, you have to mount it, see mount(8) for the mount command, and for the available mount options.
Below a short description of a few of the available filesystems.
- minix
- is the filesystem used in the Minix operating system, the first to run under Linux. It has a number of shortcomings: a 64MB partition size limit, short filenames, a single time stamp, etc. It remains useful for floppies and RAM disks.
- ext
- is an elaborate extension of the minix filesystem. It has been completely superseded by the second version of the extended filesystem (ext2) and has been removed from the kernel (in 2.1.21).
- ext2
- is the high performance disk filesystem used by Linux for fixed disks as well as removable media. The second extended filesystem was designed as an extension of the extended file system (ext). ext2 offers the best performance (in terms of speed and CPU usage) of the filesystems supported under Linux.
- ext3
- is a journaling version of the ext2 filesystem. It is easy to switch back and forth between ext2 and ext3. ext3 offers the most complete set of journaling options available among journaling filesystems.
- xiafs
- was designed and implemented to be a stable, safe filesystem by extending the Minix filesystem code. It provides the basic most requested features without undue complexity. The xia filesystem is no longer actively developed or maintained. It was removed from the kernel in 2.1.21.
- msdos
- is the filesystem used by DOS, Windows, and some OS/2 computers. msdos filenames can be no longer than 8 characters, followed by an optional period and 3 character extension.
- umsdos
- is an extended DOS filesystem used by Linux. It adds capability for long filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and special files (devices, named pipes, etc.) under the DOS filesystem, without sacrificing compatibility with DOS.
- vfat
- is an extended DOS filesystem used by Microsoft Windows95 and Windows NT. VFAT adds the capability to use long filenames under the MSDOS filesystem.
- proc
- is a pseudo-filesystem which is used as an interface to kernel data structures rather than reading and interpreting /dev/kmem. In particular, its files do not take disk space. See proc(5).
- iso9660
- is a CD-ROM filesystem type conforming to the ISO 9660 standard.
- High Sierra
- Linux supports High Sierra, the precursor to the ISO 9660 standard for CD-ROM filesystems. It is automatically recognized within the iso9660 filesystem support under Linux.
- Rock Ridge
- Linux also supports the System Use Sharing Protocol records specified by the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol. They are used to further describe the files in the iso9660 filesystem to a UNIX host, and provide information such as long filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and devices. It is automatically recognized within the iso9660 filesystem support under Linux.
- hpfs
- is the High Performance Filesystem, used in OS/2. This filesystem is read-only under Linux due to the lack of available documentation.
- sysv
- is an implementation of the SystemV/Coherent filesystem for Linux. It implements all of Xenix FS, SystemV/386 FS, and Coherent FS.
- nfs
- is the network filesystem used to access disks located on remote computers.
- smb
- is a network filesystem that supports the SMB protocol, used by Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, and Lan Manager.
To use smb fs, you need a special mount program, which can be found in the ksmbfs package, found at ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Filesystems/smbfs.
- ncpfs
- is a network filesystem that supports the NCP protocol, used by Novell NetWare.
To use ncpfs, you need special programs, which can be found at ftp://linux01.gwdg.de/pub/ncpfs.
SEE ALSO
proc(5), fsck(8), mkfs(8), mount(8)
