NAME
aliases - sendmail使用的别名文件
总览
aliases
描述
此文件描述了 /usr/sbin/sendmai 使用的用户账号别名。它位于 /etc 并格式化成如下形式的一连串的行： name: name_1, name2, name_3, . . .
其中的 name 是含别名的原名，而 name_n 就是那个原名的一组别名。以空格起首的行是上一行的延续。以`#'起首的行是注释。
别名化只发生在本地账号上。不能发生循环现象，因为邮件不会对任何人进行于一多次的投递。在完成别名化后，本地的和合法的收信人会有一个``.forward''文件存于他们的宿主目录，此文件用于把邮件按文件中定义好的用户列表进行转发。
此别名文件只包含原始数据；实际的别名化信息存于用程序 newaliases(1) 建立的 /etc/aliases.db 这个二进制格式的文件中。每次别名文件更改后都要执行 newaliases 命令来使更改有效。
另见
newaliases(1), dbopen(3), dbm(3), sendmail(8)
#p#
NAME
aliases - aliases file for sendmail
SYNOPSIS
aliases
DESCRIPTION
This file describes user ID aliases used by sendmail. The file resides in /etc/mail and is formatted as a series of lines of the form
- name: addr_1, addr_2, addr_3, . . .
The name is the name to alias, and the addr_n are the aliases for that name. addr_n can be another alias, a local username, a local filename, a command, an include file, or an external address.
- Local Username
- username
- The username must be available via getpwnam(3).
- Local Filename
- /path/name
- Messages are appended to the file specified by the full pathname (starting with a slash (/))
- Command
- |command
- A command starts with a pipe symbol (|), it receives messages via standard input.
- Include File
- :include: /path/name
- The aliases in pathname are added to the aliases for name.
- E-Mail Address
- user@domain
- An e-mail address in RFC 822 format.
Lines beginning with white space are continuation lines. Another way to continue lines is by placing a backslash directly before a newline. Lines beginning with # are comments.
Aliasing occurs only on local names. Loops can not occur, since no message will be sent to any person more than once.
If an alias is found for name, sendmail then checks for an alias for owner-name. If it is found and the result of the lookup expands to a single address, the envelope sender address of the message is rewritten to that address. If it is found and the result expands to more than one address, the envelope sender address is changed to owner-name.
After aliasing has been done, local and valid recipients who have a ``.forward'' file in their home directory have messages forwarded to the list of users defined in that file.
This is only the raw data file; the actual aliasing information is placed into a binary format in the file /etc/mail/aliases.db using the program newaliases(1). A newaliases command should be executed each time the aliases file is changed for the change to take effect.
SEE ALSO
newaliases(1), dbm(3), dbopen(3), db_open(3), sendmail(8)
