功能说明:以树状图列出目录的内容。
语法:tree[-aACdDfFgilnNpqstux][-I<范本样式>][-P<范本样式>][目录...]
补充说明:执行tree指令,它会列出指定目录下的所有文件,包括子目录里的文件。
参数:
-a显示所有文件和目录。
-A使用ASNI绘图字符显示树状图而非以ASCII字符组合。
-C在文件和目录清单加上色彩,便于区分各种类型。
-d显示目录名称而非内容。
-D列出文件或目录的更改时间。
-f在每个文件或目录之前,显示完整的相对路径名称。
-F在执行文件,目录,Socket,符号连接,管道名称名称,各自加上"*","/","=","@","|"号。
-g列出文件或目录的所属群组名称,没有对应的名称时,则显示群组识别码。
-i不以阶梯状列出文件或目录名称。
-I<范本样式>不显示符合范本样式的文件或目录名称。
-l如遇到性质为符号连接的目录,直接列出该连接所指向的原始目录。
-n不在文件和目录清单加上色彩。
-N直接列出文件和目录名称,包括控制字符。
-p列出权限标示。
-P<范本样式>只显示符合范本样式的文件或目录名称。
-q用"?"号取代控制字符,列出文件和目录名称。
-s列出文件或目录大小。
-t用文件和目录的更改时间排序。
-u列出文件或目录的拥有者名称,没有对应的名称时,则显示用户识别码。
-x将范围局限在现行的文件系统中,若指定目录下的某些子目录,其存放于另一个文件系统上,则将该子目录予以排除在寻找范围外。
#p#
NAME
tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format.
SYNOPSIS
tree [-adfgilnopqrstuxACDFNS] [-L level [-R]] [-H baseHREF] [-T title] [-o filename] [--nolinks] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--dirsfirst] [--version] [--help] [directory ...]
DESCRIPTION
Tree is a recursive directory listing program that produces a depth indented listing of files. Color is supported ala dircolors if the LS_COLORS environment variable is set, output is to a tty, and the -C flag is used. With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current directory. When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the files and/or directories found in the given directories each in turn. Upon completion of listing all files/directories found, tree returns the total number of files and/or directories listed.
By default, when a symbolic link is encountered, the path that the symbolic link refers to is printed after the name of the link in the format:
name -> real-path
If the `-l' option is given and the symbolic link refers to an actual directory, then tree will follow the path of the symbolic link as if it were a real directory.
OPTIONS
Tree understands the following command line switches:
- --help
- Outputs a verbose usage listing.
- --version
- Outputs the version of tree.
- -a
- All files are printed. By default tree does not print hidden files (those beginning with a dot `.'). In no event does tree print the file system constructs `.' (current directory) and `..' (previous directory).
- -d
- List directories only.
- -f
- Prints the full path prefix for each file.
- -i
- Makes tree not print the indentation lines, useful when used in conjunction with the -f option.
- -l
- Follows symbolic links if they point to directories, as if they were directories. Symbolic links that will result in recursion are avoided when detected.
- -x
- Stay on the current file-system only. Ala find -xdev.
- -P pattern
- List only those files that match the wild-card pattern. Note: you must use the -a option to also consider those files beginning with a dot `.' for matching. Valid wildcard operators are `*' (any zero or more characters), `?' (any single character), `[...]' (any single character listed between brackets (optional - (dash) for character range may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and `[^...]' (any single character not listed in brackets) and `|' separates alternate patterns.
- -I pattern
- Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern.
- --noreport
- Omits printing of the file and directory report at the end of the tree listing.
- -p
- Print the protections for each file (as per ls -l).
- -s
- Print the size of each file along with the name.
- -u
- Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the file.
- -g
- Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of the file.
- -D
- Print the date of the last modification time for the file listed.
- --inodes
- Prints the inode number of the file or directory
- --device
- Prints the device number to which the file or directory belongs
- -F
- Append a `/' for directories, a `=' for socket files, a `*' for executable files and a `|' for FIFO's, as per ls -F
- -q
- Print non-printable characters in filenames as question marks instead of the default caret notation.
- -N
- Print non-printable characters as is instead of the default caret notation.
- -r
- Sort the output in reverse alphabetic order.
- -t
- Sort the output by last modification time instead of alphabetically.
- --dirsfirst
- List directories before files.
- -n
- Turn colorization off always, over-ridden by the -C option.
- -C
- Turn colorization on always, using built-in color defaults if the LS_COLORS environment variable is not set. Useful to colorize output to a pipe.
- -A
- Turn on ANSI line graphics hack when printing the indentation lines.
- -S
- Turn on ASCII line graphics (useful when using linux console mode fonts). This option is now equivalent to `--charset=IBM437' and will eventually be depreciated.
- -L level
- Max display depth of the directory tree.
- -R
- Recursively cross down the tree each level directories (see -L option), and at each of them execute tree again adding `-o 00Tree.html' as a new option.
- -H baseHREF
- Turn on HTML output, including HTTP references. Useful for ftp sites. baseHREF gives the base ftp location when using HTML output. That is, the local directory may be `/local/ftp/pub', but it must be referenced as `ftp://hostname.organization.domain/pub' (baseHREF should be `ftp://hostname.organization.domain'). Hint: don't use ANSI lines with this option, and don't give more than one directory in the directory list. If you wish to use colors via CCS stylesheet, use the -C option in addition to this option to force color output.
- -T title
- Sets the title and H1 header string in HTML output mode.
- --charset charset
- Set the character set to use when outputting HTML and for line drawing.
- --nolinks
- Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output.
- -o filename
- Send output to filename.
FILES
/etc/DIR_COLORS System color database.
~/.dircolors Users color database.
ENVIRONMENT
LS_COLORS Color information created by dircolors
TREE_CHARSET Character set for tree to use in HTML mode.
LC_CTYPE Locale for filename output.
AUTHOR
Steve Baker (ice@mama.indstate.edu)
HTML output hacked by Francesc Rocher (rocher@econ.udg.es)
Charsets and OS/2 support by Kyosuke Tokoro (NBG01720@nifty.ne.jp)
BUGS
Tree does not prune "empty" directories when the -P and -I options are used. Tree prints directories as it comes to them, so cannot accumulate information on files and directories beneath the directory it is printing. Probably more.
SEE ALSO
dircolors(1L), ls(1L), find(1L)