iPhone中数据库使用方法是本文要介绍的内容,直接进入话题介绍,iPhone 中使用名为 SQLite 的数据库管理系统。它是一款轻型的数据库,是遵守ACID的关联式数据库管理系统,它的设计目标是嵌入式的,而且目前已经在很多嵌入式产品中使用了它,它占用资源非常的低,
在嵌入式设备中,可能只需要几百K的内存就够了。它能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的操作系统,同时能够跟很多程序语言相结合,比如 Tcl、PHP、Java 等,还有 ODBC 接口,同样比起 Mysql、PostgreSQL 这两款开源世界著名的数据库管理系统来讲,它的处理速度比他们都快。
其使用步骤大致分为以下几步:
1. 创建DB文件和表格
2. 添加必须的库文件(FMDB for iPhone, libsqlite3.0.dylib)
3. 通过 FMDB 的方法使用 SQLite
创建DB文件和表格
- $ sqlite3 sample.db
- sqlite> CREATE TABLE TEST(
- ...> id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
- ...> name VARCHAR(255)
- ...> );
简单地使用上面的语句生成数据库文件后,用一个图形化SQLite管理工具,比如 Lita 来管理还是很方便的。
然后将文件(sample.db)添加到工程中。
添加必须的库文件(FMDB for iPhone, libsqlite3.0.dylib)
首先添加 Apple 提供的 sqlite 操作用程序库 ibsqlite3.0.dylib 到工程中。位置如下
- /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS${VER}.sdk/usr/lib/libsqlite3.0.dylib
这样一来就可以访问数据库了,但是为了更加方便的操作数据库,这里使用 FMDB for iPhone。
svn co http://flycode.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/fmdb fmdb
如上下载该库,并将以下文件添加到工程文件中:
- FMDatabase.h
- FMDatabase.m
- FMDatabaseAdditions.h
- FMDatabaseAdditions.m
- FMResultSet.h
- FMResultSet.m
通过 FMDB 的方法使用 SQLite
使用 SQL 操作数据库的代码在程序库的 fmdb.m 文件中大部分都列出了、只是连接数据库文件的时候需要注意 — 执行的时候,参照的数据库路径位于 Document 目录下,之前把刚才的 sample.db 文件拷贝过去就好了。
位置如下
/Users/xxxx/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/User/Applications/xxxx/Documents/sample.db
- BOOL success;
- NSError *error;
- NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
- NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
- NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
- NSString *writableDBPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
- success = [fm fileExistsAtPath:writableDBPath];
- if(!success){
- NSString *defaultDBPath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
- success = [fm copyItemAtPath:defaultDBPath toPath:writableDBPath error:&error];
- if(!success){
- NSLog([error localizedDescription]);
- }
- }
- // 连接DB
- FMDatabase* db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:writableDBPath];
- if ([db open]) {
- [db setShouldCacheStatements:YES];
- // INSERT
- [db beginTransaction];
- int i = 0;
- while (i++ < 20) {
- [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO TEST (name) values (?)" , [NSString stringWithFormat:@"number %d", i]];
- if ([db hadError]) {
- NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
- }
- }
- [db commit];
- // SELECT
- FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM TEST"];
- while ([rs next]) {
- NSLog(@"%d %@", [rs intForColumn:@"id"], [rs stringForColumn:@"name"]);
- }
- [rs close];
- [db close];
- }else{
- NSLog(@"Could not open db.");
- }
以下为链接数据库时的代码:
接下来再看看用 DAO 的形式来访问数据库的使用方法,代码整体构造如下。如图:
首先创建如下格式的数据库文件:
- $ sqlite3 sample.db
- sqlite> CREATE TABLE TbNote(
- ...> id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
- ...> title VARCHAR(255),
- ...> body VARCHAR(255)
- ...> );
- 创建DTO(Data Transfer Object)
- //TbNote.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @interface TbNote : NSObject {
- int index;
- NSString *title;
- NSString *body;
- }
- @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *title;
- @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *body;
- - (id)initWithIndex:(int)newIndex Title:(NSString *)newTitle Body:(NSString *)newBody;
- - (int)getIndex;
- @end
- //TbNote.m
- #import "TbNote.h"
- @implementation TbNote
- @synthesize title, body;
- - (id)initWithIndex:(int)newIndex Title:(NSString *)newTitle Body:(NSString *)newBody{
- if(self = [super init]){
- index = newIndex;
- self.title = newTitle;
- self.body = newBody;
- }
- return self;
- }
- - (int)getIndex{
- return index;
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [title release];
- [body release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
- @end
创建DAO(Data Access Objects)
这里将 FMDB 的函数调用封装为 DAO 的方式。
- //BaseDao.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @class FMDatabase;
- @interface BaseDao : NSObject {
- FMDatabase *db;
- }
- @property (nonatomic, retain) FMDatabase *db;
- -(NSString *)setTable:(NSString *)sql;
- @end
- //BaseDao.m
- #import "SqlSampleAppDelegate.h"
- #import "FMDatabase.h"
- #import "FMDatabaseAdditions.h"
- #import "BaseDao.h"
- @implementation BaseDao
- @synthesize db;
- - (id)init{
- if(self = [super init]){
- // 由 AppDelegate 取得打开的数据库
- SqlSampleAppDelegate *appDelegate = (SqlSampleAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
- db = [[appDelegate db] retain];
- }
- return self;
- }
- // 子类中实现
- -(NSString *)setTable:(NSString *)sql{
- return NULL;
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [db release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
- @end
下面是访问 TbNote 表格的类。
- //TbNoteDao.h
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import "BaseDao.h"
- @interface TbNoteDao : BaseDao {
- }
- -(NSMutableArray *)select;
- -(void)insertWithTitle:(NSString *)title Body:(NSString *)body;
- -(BOOL)updateAt:(int)index Title:(NSString *)title Body:(NSString *)body;
- -(BOOL)deleteAt:(int)index;
- @end
- //TbNoteDao.m
- #import "FMDatabase.h"
- #import "FMDatabaseAdditions.h"
- #import "TbNoteDao.h"
- #import "TbNote.h"
- @implementation TbNoteDao
- -(NSString *)setTable:(NSString *)sql{
- return [NSString stringWithFormat:sql, @"TbNote"];
- }
- // SELECT
- -(NSMutableArray *)select{
- NSMutableArray *result = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:0] autorelease];
- FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:[self setTable:@"SELECT * FROM %@"]];
- while ([rs next]) {
- TbNote *tr = [[TbNote alloc]
- initWithIndex:[rs intForColumn:@"id"]
- Title:[rs stringForColumn:@"title"]
- Body:[rs stringForColumn:@"body"]
- ];
- [result addObject:tr];
- [tr release];
- }
- [rs close];
- return result;
- }
- // INSERT
- -(void)insertWithTitle:(NSString *)title Body:(NSString *)body{
- [db executeUpdate:[self setTable:@"INSERT INTO %@ (title, body) VALUES (?,?)"], title, body];
- if ([db hadError]) {
- NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
- }
- }
- // UPDATE
- -(BOOL)updateAt:(int)index Title:(NSString *)title Body:(NSString *)body{
- BOOL success = YES;
- [db executeUpdate:[self setTable:@"UPDATE %@ SET title=?, body=? WHERE id=?"], title, body, [NSNumber numberWithInt:index]];
- if ([db hadError]) {
- NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
- success = NO;
- }
- return success;
- }
- // DELETE
- - (BOOL)deleteAt:(int)index{
- BOOL success = YES;
- [db executeUpdate:[self setTable:@"DELETE FROM %@ WHERE id = ?"], [NSNumber numberWithInt:index]];
- if ([db hadError]) {
- NSLog(@"Err %d: %@", [db lastErrorCode], [db lastErrorMessage]);
- success = NO;
- }
- return success;
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [super dealloc];
- }
- @end
为了确认程序正确,我们添加一个 UITableView。使用 initWithNibName 测试 DAO。
- //NoteController.h
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @class TbNoteDao;
- @interface NoteController : UIViewController <UITableViewDataSource, UITableViewDelegate>{
- UITableView *myTableView;
- TbNoteDao *tbNoteDao;
- NSMutableArray *record;
- }
- @property (nonatomic, retain) UITableView *myTableView;
- @property (nonatomic, retain) TbNoteDao *tbNoteDao;
- @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *record;
- @end
- //NoteController.m
- #import "NoteController.h"
- #import "TbNoteDao.h"
- #import "TbNote.h"
- @implementation NoteController
- @synthesize myTableView, tbNoteDao, record;
- - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil {
- if (self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]) {
- tbNoteDao = [[TbNoteDao alloc] init];
- [tbNoteDao insertWithTitle:@"TEST TITLE" Body:@"TEST BODY"];
- // [tbNoteDao updateAt:1 Title:@"UPDATE TEST" Body:@"UPDATE BODY"];
- // [tbNoteDao deleteAt:1];
- record = [[tbNoteDao select] retain];
- }
- return self;
- }
- - (void)viewDidLoad {
- [super viewDidLoad];
- myTableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];
- myTableView.delegate = self;
- myTableView.dataSource = self;
- self.view = myTableView;
- }
- - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
- return 1;
- }
- - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
- return [record count];
- }
- - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
- static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";
- UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
- if (cell == nil) {
- cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease];
- }
- TbNote *tr = (TbNote *)[record objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
- cell.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%i %@", [tr getIndex], tr.title];
- return cell;
- }
- - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
- [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [super dealloc];
- }
- @end
***我们开看看连接DB,和添加 ViewController 的处理。这一同样不使用 Interface Builder。
- //SqlSampleAppDelegate.h
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @class FMDatabase;
- @interface SqlSampleAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
- UIWindow *window;
- FMDatabase *db;
- }
- @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
- @property (nonatomic, retain) FMDatabase *db;
- - (BOOL)initDatabase;
- - (void)closeDatabase;
- @end
- //SqlSampleAppDelegate.m
- #import "SqlSampleAppDelegate.h"
- #import "FMDatabase.h"
- #import "FMDatabaseAdditions.h"
- #import "NoteController.h"
- @implementation SqlSampleAppDelegate
- @synthesize window;
- @synthesize db;
- - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
- if (![self initDatabase]){
- NSLog(@"Failed to init Database.");
- }
- NoteController *ctrl = [[NoteController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];
- [window addSubview:ctrl.view];
- [window makeKeyAndVisible];
- }
- - (BOOL)initDatabase{
- BOOL success;
- NSError *error;
- NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
- NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
- NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
- NSString *writableDBPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
- success = [fm fileExistsAtPath:writableDBPath];
- if(!success){
- NSString *defaultDBPath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
- success = [fm copyItemAtPath:defaultDBPath toPath:writableDBPath error:&error];
- if(!success){
- NSLog([error localizedDescription]);
- }
- success = NO;
- }
- if(success){
- db = [[FMDatabase databaseWithPath:writableDBPath] retain];
- if ([db open]) {
- [db setShouldCacheStatements:YES];
- }else{
- NSLog(@"Failed to open database.");
- success = NO;
- }
- }
- return success;
- }
- - (void) closeDatabase{
- [db close];
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [db release];
- [window release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
- @end
小结:iPhone中数据库使用方法的内容介绍完了,希望本文对你有所帮助。
转自 http://www.yifeiyang.net/iphone-developer-advanced-9-management-database-using-sqlite/