Qt 线程间共享数据是本文介绍的内容,多的不说,先来啃内容。Qt线程间共享数据主要有两种方式:
使用共享内存。即使用一个两个线程都能够共享的变量(如全局变量),这样两个线程都能够访问和修改该变量,从而达到共享数据的目的;
使用singal/slot机制,把数据从一个线程传递到另外一个线程。
***种办法在各个编程语言都使用普遍,而第二种方式倒是QT的特有方式,下面主要学习一下这种方式:
在线程之间传递signal与在一个线程内传递signal是不一样的。在一个线程内传递signal时,emit语句会直接调用所有连接的slot并等待到所有slot被处理完;在线程之间传递signal时,slot会被放到队列中(queue),而emit这个signal后会马上返回;默认情况,线程之间使用queue机制,而线程内使用direct机制,但在connect中可以改变这些默认的机制。
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- //TextDevice.h
- #ifndef TEXTDEVICE_H
- #define TEXTDEVICE_H
- #include <QThread>
- #include <QString>
- #include <QMutex>
- class TextDevice : public QThread {
- Q_OBJECT
- public:
- TextDevice();
- void run();
- void stop();
- public slots:
- void write(const QString& text);
- private:
- int m_count;
- QMutex m_mutex;
- };
- #endif // TEXTDEVICE_H
- //TextDevice.cpp
- #include <QMutexLocker>
- #include <QDebug>
- #include <QString>
- #include "TextDevice.h"
- TextDevice::TextDevice() {
- m_count = 0;
- }
- void TextDevice::run() {
- exec();
- }
- void TextDevice::stop() {
- quit();
- }
- void TextDevice::write(const QString& text) {
- QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
- qDebug() << QString("Call %1: %2").arg(m_count++).arg(text);
- }
- //TextThread.h
- #ifndef TEXTTHREAD_H
- #define TEXTTHREAD_H
- #include <QThread>
- #include <QString>
- class TextThread : public QThread {
- Q_OBJECT
- public:
- TextThread(const QString& text);
- void run();
- void stop();
- signals:
- void writeText(const QString&);
- private:
- QString m_text;
- bool m_stop;
- };
- #endif // TEXTTHREAD_H
- //TextThread.cpp
- #include "TextThread.h"
- TextThread::TextThread(const QString& text) : QThread() {
- m_text = text;
- m_stop = false;
- }
- void TextThread::stop() {
- m_stop = true;
- }
- void TextThread::run() {
- while(!m_stop) {
- emit writeText(m_text);
- sleep(1);
- }
- }
- //main.cpp
- #include <QApplication>
- #include <QMessageBox>
- #include "TextDevice.h"
- #include "TextThread.h"
- int main(int argc, char** argv) {
- QApplication app(argc, argv);
- //启动线程
- TextDevice device;
- TextThread foo("foo"), bar("bar");
- //把两个线程使用signal/slot连接起来
- QObject::connect(&foo, SIGNAL(writeText(const QString&)), &device, SLOT(write(const QString&)));
- QObject::connect(&bar, SIGNAL(writeText(const QString&)), &device, SLOT(write(const QString&)));
- //启动线程
- foo.start();
- bar.start();
- device.start();
- QMessageBox::information(0, "Threading", "Close me to stop.");
- //停止线程
- foo.stop();
- bar.stop();
- device.stop();
- //等待线程结束
- device.wait();
- foo.wait();
- bar.wait();
- return 0;
- }
- //TextDevice.h
- #ifndef TEXTDEVICE_H
- #define TEXTDEVICE_H
- #include <QThread>
- #include <QString>
- #include <QMutex>
- class TextDevice : public QThread {
- Q_OBJECT
- public:
- TextDevice();
- void run();
- void stop();
- public slots:
- void write(const QString& text);
- private:
- int m_count;
- QMutex m_mutex;
- };
- #endif // TEXTDEVICE_H
- //TextDevice.cpp
- #include <QMutexLocker>
- #include <QDebug>
- #include <QString>
- #include "TextDevice.h"
- TextDevice::TextDevice() {
- m_count = 0;
- }
- void TextDevice::run() {
- exec();
- }
- void TextDevice::stop() {
- quit();
- }
- void TextDevice::write(const QString& text) {
- QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
- qDebug() << QString("Call %1: %2").arg(m_count++).arg(text);
- }
- //TextThread.h
- #ifndef TEXTTHREAD_H
- #define TEXTTHREAD_H
- #include <QThread>
- #include <QString>
- class TextThread : public QThread {
- Q_OBJECT
- public:
- TextThread(const QString& text);
- void run();
- void stop();
- signals:
- void writeText(const QString&);
- private:
- QString m_text;
- bool m_stop;
- };
- #endif // TEXTTHREAD_H
- //TextThread.cpp
- #include "TextThread.h"
- TextThread::TextThread(const QString& text) : QThread() {
- m_text = text;
- m_stop = false;
- }
- void TextThread::stop() {
- m_stop = true;
- }
- void TextThread::run() {
- while(!m_stop) {
- emit writeText(m_text);
- sleep(1);
- }
- }
- //main.cpp
- #include <QApplication>
- #include <QMessageBox>
- #include "TextDevice.h"
- #include "TextThread.h"
- int main(int argc, char** argv) {
- QApplication app(argc, argv);
- //启动线程
- TextDevice device;
- TextThread foo("foo"), bar("bar");
- //把两个线程使用signal/slot连接起来
- QObject::connect(&foo, SIGNAL(writeText(const QString&)), &device, SLOT(write(const QString&)));
- QObject::connect(&bar, SIGNAL(writeText(const QString&)), &device, SLOT(write(const QString&)));
- //启动线程
- foo.start();
- bar.start();
- device.start();
- QMessageBox::information(0, "Threading", "Close me to stop.");
- //停止线程
- foo.stop();
- bar.stop();
- device.stop();
- //等待线程结束
- device.wait();
- foo.wait();
- bar.wait();
- return 0;
- }
#p#
上面例子代码可以看出两个线程之间传送了类型为QString的信息。像QString等这些QT本身定义的类型,直接传送即可。但如果是自己定义的类型如果想使用signal/slot来传递的话,则没有这么简单。直接使用的话,会产生下面这种错误:
- QObject::connect: Cannot queue arguments of type 'TextAndNumber' (Make sure 'TextAndNumber' is registed using qRegisterMetaType().)
原因:当一个signal被放到队列中(queued)时,它的参数(arguments)也会被一起一起放到队列中(queued起来),这就意味着参数在被传送到slot之前需要被拷贝、存储在队列中(queue)中;为了能够在队列中存储这些参数(argument),Qt需要去construct、destruct、copy这些对象,而为了让Qt知道怎样去作这些事情,参数的类型需要使用qRegisterMetaType来注册(如错误提示中的说明)
步骤:(以自定义TextAndNumber类型为例)
自定一种类型,在这个类型的顶部包含:#include <QMetaType>
在类型定义完成后,加入声明:Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(TextAndNumber);
在main()函数中注册这种类型:qRegisterMetaType<TextAndNumber>("TextAndNumber");
如果还希望使用这种类型的引用,可同样要注册:qRegisterMetaType<TextAndNumber>("TextAndNumber&");
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- //TextAndNumber.h
- #ifndef TEXTANDNUMBER_H
- #define TEXTANDNUMBER_H
- #include <QMetaType>
- //必须包含QMetaType,否则会出现下面错误:
- //error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘;’ token
- #include <QString>
- class TextAndNumber {
- public:
- TextAndNumber();
- TextAndNumber(int, QString);
- int count();
- QString text();
- private:
- int m_count;
- QString m_text;
- };
- Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(TextAndNumber);
- #endif // TEXTANDNUMBER_H
- //TextAndNumber.cpp
- #include "TextAndNumber.h"
- TextAndNumber::TextAndNumber() {
- }
- TextAndNumber::TextAndNumber(int count, QString text) {
- m_count = count;
- m_text = text;
- }
- int TextAndNumber::count() {
- return m_count;
- }
- QString TextAndNumber::text() {
- return m_text;
- }
- //TextDevice.h
- #ifndef TEXTDEVICE_H
- #define TEXTDEVICE_H
- #include <QThread>
- #include <QDebug>
- #include <QString>
- #include "TextAndNumber.h"
- class TextDevice : public QThread {
- Q_OBJECT
- public:
- TextDevice();
- void run();
- void stop();
- public slots:
- void write(TextAndNumber& tran);
- private:
- int m_count;
- };
- #endif // TEXTDEVICE_H
- //TextDevice.cpp
- #include "TextDevice.h"
- TextDevice::TextDevice() : QThread() {
- m_count = 0;
- }
- void TextDevice::run() {
- exec();
- }
- void TextDevice::stop() {
- quit();
- }
- void TextDevice::write(TextAndNumber& tran) {
- qDebug() << QString("Call %1 (%3): %2").arg(m_count++).arg(tran.text()).arg(tran.count());
- }
- //TextThread.h
- #ifndef TEXTTHREAD_H
- #define TEXTTHREAD_H
- #include <QThread>
- #include <QString>
- #include "TextAndNumber.h"
- class TextThread : public QThread {
- Q_OBJECT
- public:
- TextThread(const QString& text);
- void run();
- void stop();
- signals:
- void writeText(TextAndNumber& tran);
- private:
- QString m_text;
- int m_count;
- bool m_stop;
- };
- #endif // TEXTTHREAD_H
- //TextThread.cpp
- #include "TextThread.h"
- TextThread::TextThread(const QString& text) : QThread() {
- m_text = text;
- m_stop = false;
- m_count = 0;
- }
- void TextThread::run() {
- while(!m_stop) {
- TextAndNumber tn(m_count++, m_text);
- emit writeText(tn);
- sleep(1);
- }
- }
- void TextThread::stop() {
- m_stop = true;
- }
- //main.cpp
- #include <QApplication>
- #include <QMessageBox>
- #include "TextThread.h"
- #include "TextDevice.h"
- #include "TextAndNumber.h"
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- QApplication app(argc, argv);
- qRegisterMetaType<TextAndNumber>("TextAndNumber");
- qRegisterMetaType<TextAndNumber>("TextAndNumber&");
- TextDevice device;
- TextThread foo("foo"), bar("bar");
- QObject::connect(&foo, SIGNAL(writeText(TextAndNumber&)), &device, SLOT(write(TextAndNumber&)));
- QObject::connect(&bar, SIGNAL(writeText(TextAndNumber&)), &device, SLOT(write(TextAndNumber&)));
- device.start();
- foo.start();
- bar.start();
- QMessageBox::information(0, "Threading", "Click me to close");
- foo.stop();
- bar.stop();
- device.stop();
- foo.wait();
- bar.wait();
- device.wait();
- qDebug() << "Application end.";
- return 0;
- }
小结:详解 Qt 线程间共享数据的内容介绍完了,希望本文对你有所帮助!